Riodininae

Riodininae is the largest of the three subfamilies within the metalmark butterfly family, Riodinidae.

Riodininae
Lange's metalmark
Apodemia mormo langei
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
(unranked):
Rhopalocera
Superfamily:
Papilionoidea
Family:
Riodinidae
Subfamily:
Riodininae
Tribes

and see text

Echydna punctata, starry night
Cristalino River
Southern Amazon, Brazil

A number of Riodininae genera are of uncertain affiliations.[1] They might belong in the Helicopini, but this needs further study. Such genera incertae sedis are:

References
  1. Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2001), "Phylogenetic Revision of the Charis gynaea Group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with Comments on Historical Relationships Among Neotropical Areas of Endemism", Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94 (5): 631–647

Further reading
  • Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
  • Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
  • James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
  • Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
  • Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)


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