Russian State Fire Service

Russian State Fire Service (Russian: Государственная противопожарная служба, Gosudarstvennaya protivopozharnaya sluzhba) is the highest fire service body of Russian Federation. A part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations since 2001, the State Fire Service is divided into the Federal Fire Service and the Fire Service of the Federal subjects of Russia.

Russian State Fire Service
Государственная противопожарная служба
Operational area
CountryRussia
City Moscow
Agency overview
EstablishedApril 30, 1649 as Moscow Municipal Rescue
Employees220,000 (approx)
Facilities and equipment
Stations30,000 (approx)
Trucks18,500 (approx)
The emblem fire service of the Arkhangelsk region

State Fire Service's 220 000 personnel operate out of 13,600 buildings and structures, including 4000 plus fire stations containing 18,634 fire appliances and 49 fireboats.[1]

The State Fire Service divisions participate in over two million operations a year, rescue over 90 000 lives, save property evaluated as high as 120 billion rubles.[1]

The Institute for Fire Defense and Scientific Research and 70 special laboratories are responsible for the SFS scientific support, new technologies and methods of work.

History

The first fire service in Russia was established by Czar Alexey Mikhailovich under signed decree named "Direction on Municipal rescue", which signed on April 30, 1649, in Moscow.

Six months after the October Revolution, on April 17, 1918 Vladimir Lenin has signed a decree on organisation of activities for firefighting, which was considered as the birth date for the Soviet State Fire service. Until 2001 the Fire Services were part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

On April 30, 1999, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a directive document that declared the April 30th as the celebrating date for Fire Services in Russia, 350 years after their creation.

On 2001 the State Fire Service became a citizen body within the Ministry of Emergency Situations, with all 278,000 firefighters transferred after 84 years under the MVD.

Major Divisions
Moscow fire station.

Federal Fire Service

The Federal Fire Service, called State Fire Inspectorate (Государственный пожарный надзор (ГПН)), is an integral part of the State Fire Service and is part of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations).

Its basic functions are:

  • Conducts prevention, fire fighting and rescue work -
    • at facilities that are critical to the national security of the country, other important fire facilities, the most valuable objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, for the activities at the federal level with the massive concentration of people;
    • in closed administrative-territorial formations, as well as in important organizations and regime;
    • Supervises the implementation of the federal executive bodies, executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation, local self-government organizations and federal laws, technical regulations and other legal acts in the field of fire safety;
    • Exercises operational control of other types of fire protection forces and means involved to extinguish fires at facilities that are critical to the national security of the country, other important fire facilities, the most valuable objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as for the activities of the federal level with the massive concentration of people;
    • Conducts monitoring of the state of fire safety in the Russian Federation is preparing proposals for government agencies and local governments to implement measures in the field of fire safety;
    • Conducts fire information and education of the public on fire safety measures;
    • Organizes and conducts official statistical records and state statistical reports on fires and their consequences on the territory of the Russian Federation, the performance of operational activities and resources of the Federal Fire Service, Fire Service of the Russian Federation and other types of fire protection;
    • Preparing draft legislation Russian Emergencies Ministry in the field of fire safety and organization of the Federal Fire Service

The treaty units of the Federal Fire Service are maintained by the protected objects. Buildings, structures, facilities, fire and other machinery, and equipment, gear and equipment transferred to the use of contractual unit FPS, are the property of the organization and remain on its balance sheet.[2]

Fire Service of the Russian Federation

Financial support of the Fire Service of the Russian Federation is carried out by means of:

  • the budget of the Russian Federation;
  • funds allocated for the financing of regional programs in the field of fire safety;
  • funds received in accordance with the existing agreements, including the provision of permitted fee-based services;
  • contributions, donations and other sources not prohibited by law.[3]

Ranks
Russian Firefighter with a Head of duty shift fire station helmet.
Insignia of a helmet Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM

In Russia, the decals are applied symmetrically on both sides of the helmet (front and rear). The location of the decals on the special clothing and SCBA is established for each fire department of the same type within the territorial entity.

RankHelmet colour/markings
FirefighterThe all color helmet with the applied number, indicating the fire station
Head of fire brigadeThe all color helmet with the applied number, indicating the fire station, underlined by line 50 mm wide and 5 mm thick
Head of duty shift fire stationThe all color helmet with the applied a circle, inside which the applied number is indicating the fire station
Deputy Head of the fire stationThe all color helmet with the applied a triangle, inside which the applied number is indicating the fire station
Head of the fire stationThe all color helmet with the applied a square, inside which the applied number is indicating the fire station
Commanding staff of the fire departmentThe all color helmet with the applied a circle, inside which the applied a rhombus

Appliances

Russian State Fire Vehicles are painted in accordance with GOST R 50574-2002 (ГОСТ Р 50574-2002 г)[4] which requires an overall flame-red (in practice red-orange) with contrasting white doors, white bumpers, white front and rear vertical stripes and white horizontal side stripes. Undercarriages are painted black. Auxiliary vehicles lack the white doors. A unique feature is the mounting of canisters for suction hoses and ladders on top of the appliance.

The Russian Fire Service uses a number of different models of appliances which range greatly in age and technical abilities.

Firefighting vehicles are classified under the following categories:

  • basic fire fighting vehicles (основные пожарные автомобили):
    • basic fire fighting vehicles of general application (основные пожарные автомобили общего применения),
    • basic fire fighting vehicles intended use (основные пожарные автомобили целевого применения);
  • Special fire fighting vehicles (специальные пожарные автомобили);
  • auxiliary vehicles (вспомогательные автомобили).

Operational categories

Russian Fire appliances are operationally categorized as follows:[5]

ZIL-131 based АЦ-2,5-40(131Н)-6ВР (ATs-2.5-40(131N)-6VR) on outside display at the Technical Museum of Tolyatti, Russia.
  • Tankers (AC) (Автоцистерны (АЦ): A fire apparatus equipped with a pump, tanks for storing liquid extinguishing agents and means of their delivery, intended for delivery of personnel and equipment to the site of fire and carrying out fire extinguishing and rescue operations.
GAZelle based APP in Saratov.
  • Auto First Aid (APP) (Автомобили первой помощи (АПП)): A fire apparatus on a light chassis equipped with a pumping unit, tanks for liquid extinguishing agents, and intended for delivery of personnel, equipment to the site of a fire (accident), firefighting operations at initial stage and rescue operations.
  • High-pressure Pump apparatus(AVD) (Пожарный автомобиль с насосом высокого давления (АВД)): A fire apparatus equipped with a high-pressure pump, tanks for liquid extinguishing agents, a set of equipment, intended to carry out fire extinguishing activities in high-rise buildings and structures.
ZIL based APH
  • Hose and hose-pumper cars (AR, ANR) (Рукавные и насоcно-рукавные (AP, APH)
    • Hose Carrier - Only carries hose
    • Hose Tanker - Carries hose and water and pump
  • Fire ladders (AL) (Пожарные автолестницы (АЛ))
  • Boom lifts (ACP) (Коленчатые подъёмники (АКП))
  • Staff cars (ASH) (Штабные автомобили (АШ))
ZIL based ABG HAZMAT vehicle
  • Cars Gas Rescue (AH, ABG) (Газодымозащитная служба (ГДЗС))
  • Cars specialized fire (AGT AGVT, ACT, AP) (Автомобили специализированного тушения (АГТ, АГВТ, АКТ, АП))
  • Cars Command and communications (ASO) (Автомобили связи и оcвещения (АСО))
  • Rescue vehicles (ASA) (Спасательные автомобили (АСА))
  • Cars Airfield Fire (Пожарный аэродромный автомобиль (AA)
  • Fire engine AC 3,2-40 on base ZIL-4331
  • Fire truck ATs-40 (43253)-247.02 on KAMAZ-43253 chassis
  • Fire engine on cross-country truck Ural-4320 chassis on left and a fast intervention Gaz Gazelle based vehicle on the right.
  • Mercedes-Benz Actros fire truck with turntable ladder in Magnitogorsk
  • Firetrain in the Lost marshalling yard
  • MAZ-543 airport tender
  • Firefighting APC MT-LBu-GPM-10
  • UAZ-469 Command Car
  • Ural and ZIL based fire appliances
  • Russian forest Firefighting vehicle «Onegec-310»
  • Russian forest Firefighting vehicle «LXT-100А-06-12»

See also

Notes
  1. http://www.mchs.gov.ru/eng/powers/?SECTION_ID=610
  2. Instruction on the treaty units of the Federal Fire Service, 2009. Section 7. Establishment, reorganization and liquidation of contractual FPS units
  3. http://www.mchs.gov.ru/activities/?ID=4066
  4. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/gost-r-50574-2002
  5. http://protect.gost.ru/v.aspx?control=8&baseC=6&page=0&month=9&year=2009&search=%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%20%D0%A0%2053248%E2%80%942009&RegNum=1&DocOnPageCount=15&id=166777&pageK=4707FC0F-CB39-4B3F-85F3-DE7C48BF6C42
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