Saccharum

Saccharum is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family.[5]

Saccharum
Saccharum officinarum[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Andropogonodae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Subtribe: Saccharinae
Genus: Saccharum
L.
Type species
Saccharum officinarum
Synonyms[4]
  • Erianthus Michx.
  • Lasiorrhachis (Hack.) Stapf
  • Narenga Bor
  • Ripidium Trin.
  • Saccharifera Stokes
  • Syllepis E.Fourn.
  • Tripidium H.Scholz

The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.[4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Saccharum includes the sugarcanes, as well as several ornamental grasses such as Ravenna grass. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in sugar, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.

Accepted species[4]
  • Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. - South America
  • Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea
  • Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. - South America
  • Saccharum baldwinii Spreng. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum beccarii (Stapf) Cope - Sumatra
  • Saccharum bengalense Retz. - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan
  • Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum coarctatum (Fern.) R. Webster - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum contortum (Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum fallax Balansa - China, Assam, southeast Asia
  • Saccharum filifolium Steud. - Afghanistan, Himalayas
  • Saccharum formosanum (Stapf) Ohwi - southern China
  • Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina
  • Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Aitch. - from Yemen to Bangladesh
  • Saccharum hildebrandtii (Hack.) Clayton - Madagascar
  • Saccharum kajkaiense (Melderis) Melderis - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
  • Saccharum kanashiroi (Ohwi) Ohwi - Ryukyu Islands
  • Saccharum longesetosum (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor - China, Himalayas, Indochina
  • Saccharum maximum (Brongn.) Trin. - Pacific Islands
  • Saccharum narenga (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia
  • Saccharum officinarum L. - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places
  • Saccharum perrieri (A.Camus) Clayton. - Madagascar
  • Saccharum procerum Roxb. - China, Himalayas, Indochina
  • Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. - Europe, Asia, Africa
  • Saccharum robustum Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl - New Guinea
  • Saccharum rufipilum Steud. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
  • Saccharum sikkimense (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor - eastern Himalayas
  • Saccharum spontaneum L. - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia
  • Saccharum stewartii Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg - western Himalayas
  • Saccharum strictum (Host) Spreng. - from Italy to Iran
  • Saccharum velutinum (Holttum) Cope - Peninsular Malaysia
  • Saccharum viguieri (A.Camus) Clayton - Madagascar
  • Saccharum villosum Steud. - South America, Mesoamerica
  • Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar
  • Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Nepal
  • Saccharum sinense Roxb. - China

Formerly included[4]

Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: Andropogon, Chloris, Digitaria, Eriochrysis, Eulalia, Gynerium, Hemarthria, Imperata, Lophopogon, Melinis, Miscanthus, Panicum, Pappophorum, Paspalum, Perotis, Pogonatherum, Pseudopogonatherum, Spodiopogon, and Tricholaena.

See also

References
  1. 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot. 119 (1929)
  3. Tropicos, Saccharum L.
  4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 54 in Latin
  6. Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 576 甘蔗属 gan zhe shu Saccharum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753.
  7. Flora of Pakistan, Saccharum Linn., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5; 28.1754
  8. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  9. Catasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Fontqueria 46: [i–ii], 1–259.
  10. Davidse, G. & R. W. Pohl. 1994. 146. Saccharum L. 6: 378–379. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F..
  11. Phillips, S. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.
  12. Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera Eriochrysis P. Beauv., Imperata Cirillo and Saccharum L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.