Setina aurita

Setina aurita is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1787.

Setina aurita
Lateral view
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Erebidae
Subfamily: Arctiinae
Genus: Setina
Species:
S. aurita
Binomial name
Setina aurita
(Esper, 1787)
Synonyms[1]

Subspecies
  • Setina aurita aurita
  • Setina aurita imbuta (Hübner, [1803])
  • Setina aurita pfisteri Burmann et Tarmann, 1985
  • Setina aurita teriolensis (Burmann, 1955)

Distribution and habitat

This species is only found in central Europe (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Romania and Switzerland), in part of the Alps between 1,000 and 3,000 meters above sea level.[2][3] These moths inhabit stony alpine grasslands, rocky slope and sunny meadows.

Description
Dorsal view

The wingspan of Setina aurita can reach 25–32 mm. These small moths have whitish-yellow to orange-yellow forewings with longitudinal dark brown stripes reaching the wings' margins, where there are black dots. In some specimens only black dots are present on the entire wings. The wing drawing is strongly dependent on the altitude. Usually the moths living at more than 2,000 meters show stripes, while at lower elevation they are more dotted. Caterpillars can reach a length of about 22 millimetres (0.87 in). They are exceptionally long haired, yellow, with five longitudinal grayish-black stripes and grayish-black warts. The head is black.

This species is quite similar to the dew moth (Setina irrorella) and Setina roscida.[4]

Mounted specimen

Biology

Adults of these day-flying moths can be found from April to October depending on the elevation. The females lay their eggs on stones and rocks. The caterpillars live and pupate usually under rocks. The larvae feed on yellow lichens (Xanthoria parietina) and other lichen species growing on the rocks. This species overwinters, often two or three times, as caterpillars, that are active on mild winter days.[4]

Setina aurita, like other species belonging to the genus Setina, is known to emit ultrasounds (a crackling noise) during flight,[5] with the function of courtship signals.[6]

Bibliography
  • Esper, E. J. C. 1786. Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Vierter Theil. Europäische Gattungen. - pp. 1–372. Erlangen. (Walther)
  • Heiko Bellmann: Der Neue Kosmos Schmetterlingsführer, Schmetterlinge, Raupen und Futterpflanzen, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1

References
  1. "10512 Setina aurita (Esper, 1787) - Kleines Flechtenbärchen, Kleiner Flechtenbär, Alpen-Flechtenbärchen". Lepiforum e.V. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  2. Fauna Europaea
  3. Savela, Markku. "Setina aurita (Esper, 1787)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  4. "Setina aurita (Esper, 1787) Gelber Alpen-Flechtenbär". Portal für Schmetterlinge und Raupen. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  5. A. D. Blest, T. S. Collett and J. D. Pye The Generation of Ultrasonic Signals by a New World Arctiid Moth Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences - Vol. 158, No. 971 (September 17, 1963), pp. 196-207
  6. William E. Conner Tiger Moths and Woolly Bears: Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution of the Arctiidae
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