Short track speed skating

Short track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.112 metres (364.54 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (200 ft) long by 30 metres (98 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Short track speed skating is the sister sport to long track speed skating and the cousin sport to inline speed skating.

Short track speed skating

3000 meters short track relay during the 2014 Winter Olympics
Highest governing body	International Skating Union
Characteristics
Mixed gender	Yes
Equipment	ice skates, helmet, gloves, suit, shin guards, neck guard, safety glasses
Presence
Olympic	1988 (demonstration) 1992 - present

Preparation of the ice

Placement of rubber cones

History

Skaters at the starting line.

Short track speed skating developed from speed skating events that were held with mass starts. This form of speed skating was mainly practised in the United States and Canada, as opposed to the international form, where athletes skated in pairs. At the 1932 Winter Olympics, speed skating events were conducted in the mass start form. Competitions in North America tended to be held indoors, for example in Madison Square Garden, New York, and therefore on shorter tracks than was usual for outdoor skating.

In 1967, the International Skating Union (ISU) adopted short track speed skating, although it did not organize international competitions until 1976. World Championships in short track speed skating have been officially held since 1981, although events held in 1976–1980 under different names have since received the status of World Championships retrospectively. The name of the competition was changed several times before it was eventually titled the "World Short Track Speed Skating Championships" in 1989; the championships are now held annually.

Short track speed skating was introduced as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta in Canada. It was upgraded to a full Olympic sport in 1992 and has been part of the Winter Olympics ever since. There were only four short track events in the 1992 Winter Games, but the programme was expanded to include six events in 1994 and 1998, and finally eight events in the 2002 Winter Games. The events are the same for both men and women: 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, plus the relay event (5000 meters for men, 3000 meters for women). Starting with the 2018-2019 World Cup Season, a 2000 meter mixed team relay was added, and will appear in the 2022 Winter Olympics. A 3000 meter super-final event is included in the European Championships, but this is not currently part of the Olympic short track programme.

Rules

Here are these actions if a skater commits one of the offences: they risk immediate disqualification from a race, and having their time rendered invalid.[1]

• Impeding: Intentionally pushing, blocking, tripping or otherwise causing an impediment for another skater
• Off track: Skating outside the designated track
• Assistance: Giving physical assistance to another skater. For example: pushing a teammate from behind for an extra boost, or allowing a teammate to lean on another for stability in corners
• Shooting the line or Kicking out: Driving the foot in lead ahead to reach the finish faster, resulting in the lead foot lifting off the ice and creating a dangerous situation for others
• Unsportsmanlike conduct: Acting in a manner not befitting an athlete or a role model. Including cursing at a competitor, kicking your feet, striking other skaters or officials, etc.
• Equipment: Not wearing the proper safety equipment, losing equipment during the race, or exposure of skin not on face or neck.
• False Start: Leaving before firing of the starter's pistol. On the second violation in the race, the offender on that start is disqualified.[2]
• Did not finish: Usually due to injury, the skater did not finish the race.
• Did not skate: The skater did not go to the starting line.

In relay races, each team has four skaters, who can take turns freely by tagging. All skaters of each team must take at least one turn, and only one exchange is allowed in the final three laps. Usually, the outgoing skater pushes the incoming skater to help the teammate to gain speed.

Short track at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics, Innsbruck

World records

Men

Distance	Athlete	Nation	City	Date	Record Time	Ref
500 meters	Wu Dajing	China	Salt Lake City, United States	11 November 2018	39.505	[3]
1000 meters	Hwang Dae-heon	South Korea	Salt Lake City, United States	12 November 2016	1:20.875	[4]
1500 meters	Sjinkie Knegt	Netherlands	Salt Lake City, United States	13 November 2016	2:07.943	[5]
3000 meters	Noh Jin-kyu	South Korea	Warsaw, Poland	19 March 2011	4:31.891	[6]
3000m relay	Ahn Hyun-jun Jang Sung-woo Kim Tae-sung Lee Jeong-min	South Korea	Bormio, Italy	2 February 2020	3:55.494	[7]
5000m relay	Csaba Burján Cole Krueger Shaoang Liu Shaolin Sándor Liu	Hungary	Calgary, Canada	4 November 2018	6:28.625	[8]

Women

Distance	Athlete	Nation	City	Date	Record Time	Ref[9]
500 meters	Kim Boutin	Canada	Salt Lake City, United States	3 November 2019	41.936	[10][11]
1000 meters	Shim Suk-hee	South Korea	Calgary, Canada	21 October 2012	1:26.661	[12]
1500 meters	Choi Min-jeong	South Korea	Salt Lake City, United States	12 November 2016	2:14.354	[13]
3000 meters	Jung Eun-Ju	South Korea	Harbin, China	15 March 2008	4:46.983	[14]
3000m relay	Suzanne Schulting Jorien ter Mors Lara van Ruijven Yara van Kerkhof	Netherlands	Pyeongchang, South Korea	20 February 2018	4:03.471	[15]

Mixed

Despite appearing in the World Cup, European, Four Continents, and World Championships, ISU does not recognize a world record in the 2000m relay.[16]

Notable skaters

The following is the list of athletes who are Individual gold medalist at the Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Champion and who have won Olympic Winter Games or Overall World Championships at least three times.

Men

Athlete	Nation	Born	Olympics	World Championships (Overall)	Olympics + World Championships (Overall)	World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team)	Total
						Total				Total				Total				Total				Total
Ahn Hyun-Soo (Viktor Ahn)	South Korea  Russia	1985	6	0	2	8	6	1	0	7	12	1	2	15	22	13	5	40	34	14	7	55
Marc Gagnon	Canada	1975	3	0	2	5	4	2	1	7	7	2	3	12	15	9	4	28	22	11	7	40
Charles Hamelin	Canada	1984	3	1	0	4	1	3	3	7	4	4	3	11	12	15	10	37	16	19	13	48
Kim Ki-hoon	South Korea	1967	3	0	0	3	1	2	1	4	4	2	1	7	2+	1+	2+	5+	6+	3+	3+	12+
Apolo Anton Ohno	United States	1982	2	2	4	8	1	2	1	4	3	4	5	12	8	5	6	19	11	9	11	31
Lee Ho-Suk	South Korea	1986	1	4	0	5	2	2	0	4	3	6	0	9	8	5	4	17	11	11	4	26
Kim Dong-Sung	South Korea	1980	1	1	0	2	2	0	1	3	3	1	1	5	10	7	3	20	13	8	4	25

Women

Athlete	Nation	Born	Olympics	World Championships (Overall)	Olympics + World Championships (Overall)	World Championships (Distances, Relay, Team)	Total
						Total				Total				Total				Total				Total
Yang Yang (A)	China	1976	2	2	1	5	6	1	0	7	8	3	1	12	26	12	5	43	34	15	6	55
Wang Meng	China	1985	4	1	1	6	3	3	0	6	7	4	1	12	18	11	3	32	25	15	4	44
Arianna Fontana	Italy	1990	1	2	5	8	0	1	2	3	1	4	8	11	1	5	5	11	2	9	13	24
Chun Lee-kyung	South Korea	1976	4	0	1	5	3	2	0	5	7	2	1	10	10	11	3	24	17	13	4	34
Sylvie Daigle	Canada	1962	1	1	0	2	5	2	1	8	6	3	1	10	22+	8+	?	31+	28+	11+	1+	40+
Jin Sun-yu	South Korea	1988	3	0	0	3	3	0	0	3	6	0	0	6	10	3	1	14	16	3	1	20
Choi Min-jeong	South Korea	1998	2	0	0	2	3	0	0	3	5	0	0	5	9	1	1	11	14	1	1	16
Nathalie Lambert	Canada	1962	1	2	0	3	3	2	2	7	4	4	2	10	14+	3+	2+	19+	18+	7+	4+	29+
Choi Eun-kyung	South Korea	1984	2	2	0	4	2	1	0	3	4	3	0	7	12	3	3	18	16	6	3	25
Park Seung-hi	South Korea	1992	2	0	3	5	1	2	0	3	3	2	3	8	8	4	1	13	11	6	4	21
Shim Suk-Hee	South Korea	1997	2	1	1	4	1	0	3	4	3	1	4	8	7	3	1	11	10	4	5	19
Zhou Yang	China	1991	3	0	0	3	0	1	1	2	3	1	1	5	5	4	4	13	8	5	5	18

See also

• Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics

References

1. "Special Regulations & Technical Rules Speedskating and Short Track Speedskating" (PDF). International Skating Union. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
2. http://www.kolomna-speed-skating.com/en/sport/short_track/315.html
3. "Results - Men's 500m Final A". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
4. "ISU World Cup 2016/2017 Salt Lake City – Men's 1000m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 12 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
5. "ISU World Cup 2016/2017 Salt Lake City – Men's 1500m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
6. "2011 ISU World Team Championships – Men's 3000m Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 19 March 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
7. "ISU World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships 2020 – Bormio (ITA) – Men's 3000m Relay Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
8. "ISU World Cup 2018/19 – Men's 5000m Relay Results". shorttrack.sportresult.com. 4 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
9. "Short Track Results – Current World Records". ISU. 12 November 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
10. "ISU World Cup 2019/20 – Salt Lake City, UT (USA) – Ladies 500m (2) – Quarterfinals". ISU. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
11. "Kim Boutin sets short track world record in women's 500m in Utah". CBC Sports. 3 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
12. "ISU World Cup 2016/17 Calgary - Women's 1000m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
13. "ISU World Cup 2012/2013 Salt Lake City - Women's 1500m Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
14. "2008 ISU World Team Championships, China - Women's 3000m Bracket #2 Results". ISU. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
15. "Short Track Speed Skating – Ladies' 3,000m Relay – Finals Results" (PDF). Pyeongchang 2018. International Olympic Committee. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
16. "Short Track Speed Skating Technical Rules". International Skating Union.

External links

• IOC – Short track speed skating
• ISU – Short track speed skating
• Speed Skating Canada
• US Speed Skating
• Italian Short Track Speed Skating
• Australian Ice Racing