Sigaus australis

Sigaus australis is the most common alpine grasshopper found in New Zealand.[3][4] It can be found in the southern half of the South Island above the tree line. Sigaus australis was described in 1897 by Frederick Hutton. Like all of New Zealand sub-alpine and alpine grasshoppers S. australis has a 2 or 3 years life cycle. Individuals can survive the cold by freezing solid at any life stage, at any time of the year.[5] Sigaus australis adults are relatively large grasshoppers (females ~ 26mm). The genus Sigaus is endemic to New Zealand.

Sigaus australis
A female Sigaus australis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Orthoptera
Family:
Acrididae
Genus:
Sigaus

Hutton, 1897[1]
Species:
S. australis
Binomial name
Sigaus australis
(Bigelow, 1967) [2]
The distribution of Sigaus australis in New Zealand

Distribution and habitat
A overview of the S. australis habitat.
Mount Armstrong 44°05′15″S 169°25′27″E

Sigaus australis can be found in the southern half of the South Island, from Otago and Canterbury regions. It can be found as far south as the Kawarau River (45°49′43″S 168°58′02″E) and as far north as the Torless Range (43°14′39″S 171°48′34″E). Sigaus australis prefer tussock grasslands between 1,300–1,700 metres (4,300–5,600 ft) elevation, however, can be found as low as 200 metres (660 ft) on the Alexandra Tailings, (45°14′49″S 169°22′07″E)[6] and as high as 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) on Smite Peak (43°21′10″S 171°14′17″E). Evidence from mtDNA sequencing suggests that S. australis encompasses several narrow endemic taxa and one widespread species.[6][4]

Species description

The wings on S. australis are micropterous (small wings) between 2–4 millimetres (0.079–0.157 in) making this species flightless like most of New Zealand grasshoppers. Sigaus australis is highly cryptic, there is no polymorphism within this species. They will match the surrounding vegetation with colours of earth tones.

Type Information

Paprides australis Hutton (1897:147)

Paprides torquatus Hutton (1898:47)

Paprides armillaus Hutton (1898:47-48)

  • Hutton, F.W. 1898: Notes on the New Zealand. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 31: 44-50

References
  1. Hutton, F.W. 1897: The grasshopper and locusts of New Zealand and the Kermadec Island. Proc. Trans. NZ Inst. 30: 135-50
  2. R. S. Bigelow (1967). The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, their Taxonomy and Distribution. Christchurch: University of Canterbury.
  3. Bigelow, RS (1967). The Grasshoppers of New Zealand. Christchuch: University of Canterbury.
  4. Trewick, Steven A. (2008). "DNA Barcoding is not enough: mismatch of taxonomy and genealogy in New Zealand grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". Cladistics. 24 (2): 240–254. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00174.x. ISSN 1096-0031.
  5. Hawes, Timothy C. (2015). "Canalization of freeze tolerance in an alpine grasshopper". Cryobiology. 71 (2): 356–359. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.008. ISSN 0011-2240.
  6. Dowle, Eddy J; Morgan-Richards, Mary; Trewick, Steven A (2014). "Morphological differentiation despite gene flow in an endangered grasshopper". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 216. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0216-x. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4219001. PMID 25318347.
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