Super Monaco GP

Super Monaco GP[lower-alpha 1] is a Formula One racing simulation video game released by Sega, originally as a Sega X Board arcade game in 1989, followed by ports for multiple video game consoles and home computers in the early 1990s. It is the sequel to the 1979 arcade game Monaco GP. The arcade game consists of one race, the Monaco Grand Prix, but later ports added more courses and game modes based on the 1990 Formula One World Championship.

Super Monaco GP
Japanese arcade flyer
Developer(s)Sega
Publisher(s)Sega
Director(s)Hisao Oguchi
SeriesMonaco GP
Platform(s)Arcade, Sega Genesis, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Game Gear, Master System, ZX Spectrum
Release
  • WW: May 1989
Genre(s)Racing
Mode(s)Single-player
Arcade systemSega X Board

The original concept for Super Monaco GP came from Hisao Oguchi, who was at the time a game planner with Sega. The arcade game contained parodies of actual brands that were sponsors in Formula One, which led to a lawsuit from Philip Morris over advertising of tobacco products. Shortly after the arcade game launch, Super Monaco GP was ported to Sega's video game consoles, the Sega Genesis, Game Gear, and Master System. British developer U.S. Gold ported the game to computers.

Super Monaco GP's arcade and Genesis versions received positive reviews, and the arcade version earned a high amount of revenue in Japan. Positive reviews were focused on the game's graphics and playability. Ports for 8-bit systems were less well received for their difficulty and differences in gameplay.

Gameplay
A typical in-game screenshot from the arcade version of Super Monaco GP. The rear-view mirror is at the top, and information is provided to the player all over the screen.

In the arcade version of Super Monaco GP, the game is a simulation of the Monaco Grand Prix. Players must qualify for the race around a short circuit before playing the main race;[1] failing to complete the lap before the 45-second timer ends results in a Game Over.[2][3] Performance on the practice lap will determine the player's starting grid position.[2] The race is then played against 19 computer controlled drivers, and players have to maintain above a position limit which counts down, or else the game ends.[4] Each race consists of three laps on the main track. Before a race begins, the player has selection of the car's transmission, among an automatic, 4-speed manual, and 7-speed manual.[2] Players control their car with a steering wheel and shift with plates mounted behind the wheel,[3] in a similar system to cars made by Ferrari. Acceleration and braking are handled by pedals.[4] The top 20% of the game screen serves like a rear-view mirror, allowing players to see behind their car.[3]

In addition to the arcade mode, the Sega Genesis version adds a World Championship mode to the gameplay. In the mode, players race against computer-controlled opponents across racetracks including Brands Hatch and Hockenheimring,[5] encompassing all of the tracks of the 1990 Formula One World Championship.[6] The goal of the game is to win the World Championship against other drivers. During the course of a season, players are able to be invited to join a better racing team, giving them a faster car to race.[7] A password system is used to save progress in the World Championship mode, which takes approximately two hours to complete.[8]

Unlike the Genesis port, the Master System version is not a true conversion of the original arcade game. The game includes a Grand Prix mode, which allows the player to race on a series of tracks, as well as a versus mode where two players can compete in a race between one and nine laps. The transmission selection is also different, allowing selections between 3, 5, and 7 speeds.[9] The Amiga and Commodore 64 ports each offer four tracks for play with arcade mode.[10]

History and technical aspects
Super Monaco GP's arcade cabinets were designed to look like F1 cars from McLaren and 1988 F1 champion Ayrton Senna. McLaren's sponsor, cigarette brand Marlboro, was parodied as "Malbobo" in the arcade game's initial release, prompting a lawsuit from the brand's manufacturer, Philip Morris.

The idea for Super Monaco GP's arcade version came from Hisao Oguchi, who was at the time a game planner with Sega.[11][12] At a younger age, Oguchi had played Monaco GP, released by Sega in 1979. When Oguchi decided to design a game based on Formula One, he started with a different name but chose Super Monaco GP after listening to opinions that the name was a good one. He also referenced a parallel between the Monaco Grand Prix being the top event in racing and Sega being the top company in arcades.[13]

Super Monaco GP was the first arcade game where the arcade cabinet gave direct feedback in response to gameplay. The game's steering wheel includes force feedback with precision in response to the player's movements in-game. Utilizing the Sega X Board for an arcade system board, Super Monaco GP runs at 60 frames per second and displays on a 26 inch screen.[11] The cabinet also includes a Fresnel lens to make the image on the game appear larger. The deluxe arcade cabinet came equipped with Sega's "Air Drive" system that would move the driver's seat and blow air into the cockpit to increase the sense of realism the player would feel. Up to eight cabinets are able to be linked via Sega's "Power Link" cable that was first demonstrated at the 1988 AMOA show.[11][14] Both a deluxe and an upright version of the cabinet were available,[14] and all models were painted to look like cars from F1 team McLaren, the team of 1988 F1 champion Ayrton Senna.[11]

Super Monaco GP was released for arcades in May 1989 in Japan. It debuted in the United States in August the same year, when Sega Enterprises USA president Tom Petit debuted it to arcade distributors at the Sofitel Hotel in Chicago. There, Petit revealed to approximately 40 other companies the success the game had in Europe and Asia, and its successful test results in the US, as well as a North American launch date in September.[11][15][16] Shortly after the arcade release, Super Monaco GP was ported to the Sega Genesis, Game Gear, and Master System.[11] It was also ported by U.S. Gold to computers, including the Amiga,[17] Commodore 64,[10] Atari ST,[18] Amstrad CPC,[19] and ZX Spectrum.[20] The Amiga release offers the option of steering with either a joystick or a mouse.[17] To make up for the lack of engagement the home game had in comparison to the arcade cabinet, Sega added more tracks and gameplay modes.[11]

Although the initial release to distributors of the arcade version had been very popular, Super Monaco GP was the subject of a lawsuit by Philip Morris over its Marlboro brand of cigarettes being parodied in the game as "Malbobo". It had not been the only brand to be parodied, as brands such as Ford were parodied as "Fodo", Mobil 1 as "Modil 2", and Canon as "Conan". However, the in-game appearances of "Malbobo" had led to a complaint to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission by a professor from the Medical College of Georgia that Super Monaco GP was advertising cigarettes to children, the majority of players of arcade games. Though Sega argued the parodies were the attempts of game developers to create a realistic environment, Philip Morris still sued because the game had already been released in arcades.[11] The tobacco company had also sued Namco over Marlboro imagery in its 1987 game Final Lap.[21] Philip Morris wanted a total recall of the game as well as financial compensation and all advertising material destroyed, but settled with Sega in May 1992.[11] As a condition of the settlement, Sega ran advertisements in arcade publications RePlay and Play Meter to offer to replace the chips in the game with new ones without advertising and pay each arcade operator $200 for returning the original chips. After the settlement, some tobacco critics were critical of Philip Morris' actions in the suit, calling the tobacco company's actions a publicity stunt.[22]

Reception

The arcade version was a critical and commercial success in Japanese arcades.[36] On Famicom Tsūshin's arcade earnings chart, it was second in August 1989, just below Namco's 3D polygon racing game Winning Run. It became the publication’s top earner in September 1989,[37] and retained its spot in October 1989 above Sega's arcade version of puzzle game Tetris.[38] In Europe, the arcade version of Super Monaco GP was highly acclaimed by reviewers.[1][2][3][4] It came in second place on Computer and Video Games magazine's list of the top arcade games of 1989.[39] A reviewer for Commodore User called the game "beyond doubt the most realistic driving game I've ever played", and highlighted the game's graphics, arcade cabinet experience, and high level of difficulty.[4] Another reviewer, for Sinclair User, called Super Monaco GP "fast, loud, hugely colourful, and massively detailed".[3] Reviews for ACE and Computer and Video Games also strongly recommended readers to play the game for its fun experience.[1][4] Ayrton Senna was reportedly a fan of the coin-op game, and this factored into his contributions to the game's sequel, Ayrton Senna's Super Monaco GP II.[11]

The Genesis version was also highly acclaimed. Two reviewers for Mean Machines praised the game's graphics and replayability, as well as the added World Championship mode.[7] According to Mega in 1994, the Genesis game set a standard "that many still fail to emulate". As of June 1994, it was still the publication's best reviewed driving game for the Genesis.[33] Julian Boardman of Raze gave a positive review to the Genesis version for its realism and ease of reading the screen layout, though noted that accidentally shifting gear while trying to steer was a distinct possibility with the Genesis controller.[8] ACE's Tony Dillon was less positive about the gameplay, criticizing that it offers no new concepts that have not been done in racing games before and that the game is "an uninspired conversion of the coin-op".[5] According to video game journalist Ken Horowitz, the Genesis port brought the most attention to the franchise.[11]

Super Monaco GP's 8-bit ports were less well received. Boardman called the Master System port "not a true conversion of the Sega arcade machine" and pointed out elements missing in the game, but called it "a very competent driving game".[8] Writing for Computer and Video Games, Julian Rignall noted the learning curve with the sensitivity of the steering for the Master System version, but praised the game's lasting value for fun.[9] Mean Machines Sega panned the Game Gear conversion, calling the game "just too dull for words".[32] By contrast, two reviewers from Zzap!64 compared the Commodore 64 port with the Amiga port and gave higher marks to the C64's colorful graphics, but more sensation of speed on the Amiga.[10] In reviewing the ZX Spectrum version, reviewer James Leach of Your Sinclair was critical of the game's graphics as being too fast, but praised the game as being fun.[28]

See also

Notes
  1. Japanese: スーパーモナコGP Hepburn: Sūpā Monako GP

References
  1. "C+VG Arcade Action". Computer and Video Games. September 1989. p. 85.
  2. "Arcades: Super Monaco Grand Prix". Commodore User. August 1989. pp. 88–89.
  3. "Coin-Ops: Super Monaco Grand Prix". Sinclair User. August 1989. p. 75.
  4. "Arcade Ace: Super Monaco Grand Prix". ACE. September 1989. p. 22.
  5. "Console Screentest: Super Monaco Grand Prix". ACE. November 1990. p. 91.
  6. "Mean Machines Driving Games". Mean Machines Sega. No. 1. October 1990. p. 127.
  7. "Super Monaco GP – Sega Megadrive". Mean Machines. No. 3. December 1990. pp. 54–56. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007.
  8. Boardman, Julian (November 1990). "Reviews: Super Monaco GP". Raze. No. 1. p. 62.
  9. Rignall, Julian (September 1990). "Mean Machines: Super Monaco Grand Prix". Computer and Video Games. No. 106.
  10. Hogg, Robin; King, Phil; Wynne, Stuart (March 1991). "Zzap!Test! Super Monaco Grand Prix". Zzap!64. No. 71. pp. 8–9.
  11. Horowitz, Ken (2018). The Sega Arcade Revolution, A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. pp. 144–148. ISBN 9781476631967.
  12. "Interview: Hisao Oguchi". Sega.jp. Sega. Archived from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  13. "Sega Masterpiece Development Secret Story - Old Days Story: Monaco GP vs. Super Monaco GP". Beep! MegaDrive (in Japanese). February 1991. p. 123.
  14. "Sega's Super Monaco GP". Cashbox. August 12, 1989. p. 32.
  15. Compasio, Camille (August 26, 1989). "Sega Hosts 'Super' Distribs Conclave in Chicago". Cashbox. p. 30.
  16. "Sega Ships Super Monaco Link-Up Driver, a Kit and Golf Upright Pop". RePlay. September 1989. p. 134.
  17. "Computer Screentest: Super Monaco Grand Prix". ACE. No. 43. April 1991. pp. 68–69.
  18. Glancey, Paul; Leadbetter, Richard (March 1991). "Review: Super Monaco Grand Prix". Computer and Video Games. No. 112. pp. 24–25.
  19. "Super Monaco GP". Joystick (in French). No. 15. April 1991. pp. 162–163.
  20. Keen, Steve (October 1992). "Rerelease: Super Monaco GP". Sinclair User. No. 128. p. 44.
  21. Forsyth, Susan; McDaniel, Patricia A. (February 5, 2020). "'Cease and desist?' The persistence of Marlboro brand imagery in racing video games" (PDF). Tobacco Control. 29 (e1): tobaccocontrol-2019-055300. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055300. PMID 32024771. S2CID 211048290.
  22. Gladstone, Rick (May 7, 1992). "Philip Morris, Sega Reach Settlement in Trademark Suit". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 29, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  23. "Super Monaco GP for Genesis". GameRankings. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  24. "Mean Machines: Super Monaco GP". Computer and Video Games. No. 107. October 1990. pp. 114–115.
  25. "Super Monaco GP for GEN". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 16. November 1990. p. 19.
  26. "30 Point Plus: スーパーモナコGP". Famicom Tsūshin. No. 335. May 12, 1995. p. 30.
  27. Lange, Chip (October 1990). "Sega ProView: Super Monaco G.P.". GamePro. pp. 76–77.
  28. Leach, James (May 1991). "Super Monaco Grand Prix". Your Sinclair. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  29. Merrett, Steve (March 1991). "Super Monaco G.P.". CU Amiga. pp. 48–49.
  30. "Super Monaco GP". Joystick (in French). No. 9. October 1990. p. 110.
  31. "Super Monaco GP". Joystick (in French). No. 11. December 1990. p. 134.
  32. "Mean Machines Driving Games". Mean Machines Sega. No. 1. October 1990. p. 131.
  33. "Mega Retro: Driving Games". Mega. No. 21. June 1994. p. 65.
  34. Ellis, Les (April 1991). "Super Monaco GP". Raze. No. 6. pp. 28–29.
  35. "Sega Software Showdown". Sega Pro. No. 6. April 1992. p. 30.
  36. "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - アップライト, コックピット型TVゲーム機 (Upright/Cockpit Videos)". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 360. Amusement Press. 15 July 1989. p. 33.
  37. "Arcade chart". Famicom Tsūshin (in Japanese). No. 19. September 15, 1989.
  38. "Arcade chart". Famicom Tsūshin (in Japanese). No. 22. October 27, 1989.
  39. "The C+VG Top Arcade Games of 1989". Computer and Video Games. No. 98. January 1990. p. 9.
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