Tāmaki (New Zealand electorate)

Tāmaki is a parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate is named after the Tamaki River that runs immediately east of the seat. The electorate is represented by Simon O'Connor, who became the National Party candidate after Allan Peachey withdrew from the 2011 election for health reasons; Peachey died before the election.

Tāmaki electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including Tamaki.[1]

Tāmaki is based around Auckland City's eastern beaches, Mission Bay, Meadowbank, Saint Heliers, Kohimarama and Glendowie; it also contains the working-class suburb of Glen Innes on its southern fringe. Tāmaki is the home of a selection of New Zealand's emblematic historical moments: Ngāti Whatua activism at Bastion Point (sparking a chain of events leading to the modern Treaty of Waitangi grievance settlement process) occurred inside the seat's boundaries, a seat at the time represented by the contentious Robert Muldoon, the Prime Minister responsible for the Crown's response to the occupation of Bastion Point. Among other Ngāti Whatua land taken through governmental application of public works legislation is Paratai Drive, once New Zealand's most expensive street. The area around Mission Bay is also home to the Savage Memorial, a huge site dedicated to the memory of former Labour Michael Joseph Savage, architect of the welfare state in New Zealand.

History
Tamaki boundaries from 1990 to 1993

The National Party has held Tāmaki in all its various incarnations since 1960, when future Prime Minister Robert Muldoon (later Sir Robert) began his parliamentary career by ousting the Labour Party's Bob Tizard,[2] and staying firmly in place until his self-selected departure from parliament at the end of 1991. In four elections (1972, 1975, 1978 and 1981) Bill Andersen of the Socialist Unity Party ran against him, receiving between 39 and 188 votes.

Muldoon's departure caused a by-election in 1992, where candidate Clem Simich won despite fierce competition in an environment where both major parties were out of favour with the electorate. Simich gave up his seat ahead of the 2005 election to high school principal Allan Peachey. Simich was returned to parliament from his party's list, having chosen to move from standing for one of his party's safest seats to instead contest Māngere, easily Labour's safest seat. Since 2005, Tāmaki was represented by Allan Peachey, who announced his retirement at the end of the parliamentary term in 2011 for health reasons. Simon O'Connor was chosen by the National Party to contest the electorate in the 2011 general election.[3]

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  Labour     National     ACT     NZ First  

Election Winner
1946 election Tom Skinner
1949 election Eric Halstead
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election Bob Tizard
1960 election Robert Muldoon1
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1992 by-election Clem Simich
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election Allan Peachey2
2008 election
2011 election Simon O'Connor
2014 election
2017 election
2020 election

1Robert Muldoon resigned effective December 1991
2Allan Peachey announced that, due to his ill-health he would retire at the 2011 election, but he died twenty days before election day

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Tāmaki electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1996 election Jonathan Hunt
Patricia Schnauer
2002 election Ken Shirley
2017 election Jenny Marcroft

Election results

2017 election
2017 general election: Tamaki[4]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Y Simon O'Connor 24,026 63.50 -6.94 23,628 61.53 -4.03
Labour Sam McDonald 8,624 22.79 +8.52 9,374 24.41 +9.63
Green Richard Leckinger 2,567 6.78 -3.42 2,166 5.64 -3.16
NZ First Jenny Marcroft 1,080 2.85 - 1,497 3.89 -0.52
ACT Mike Milne 529 1.39 +0.08 524 1.36 -0.01
Māori Mele Pepa 392 1.03 - 174 0.45 -0.03
Independent Penny Bright 244 0.64 -
Opportunities   789 2.05 -
Legalise Cannabis   53 0.13 -0.16
Conservative   45 0.11 -2.94
United Future   29 0.07 -0.12
People's Party   11 0.02 -
Ban 1080   8 0.02 +0.00
Mana   7 0.01 -0.71
Democrats   6 0.01 -0.02
Outdoors   6 0.01 -
Internet   2 0.01 -0.71
Informal votes 373 81
Total Valid votes 37,835 38,400
National hold Majority 15,402 40.71 -15.71

2014 election
2014 general election: Tamaki[5]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Y Simon O'Connor 25,539 69.50 +1.83 24,091 65.56 +1.14
Labour Chao-Fu Wu 5,118 13.93 −4.28 5,431 14.78 −2.80
Green Dorthe Siggaar 3,711 10.10 +2.30 3,232 8.80 +0.03
Conservative Danny Mountain 610 1.66 +0.12 1,122 3.05 +1.53
ACT Mike Milne 474 1.29 −1.10 504 1.37 −0.99
Mana Lisa Gibson 302 0.82 +0.82
NZ First   1,619 4.41 +0.65
Mana   263 0.72 +0.45
Māori   175 0.48 −0.03
Legalise Cannabis   106 0.29 +0.01
United Future   69 0.19 −0.22
Civilian   15 0.04 +0.04
Focus   13 0.04 +0.04
Independent Coalition   12 0.03 +0.03
Democrats   10 0.03 +0.03
Ban 1080   8 0.02 +0.02
Informal votes 438 78
Total Valid votes 36,192 36,748
National hold Majority 20,421 56.42 +7.96

2011 election
2011 general election: Tamaki[6]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Simon O'Connor 24,837 67.67 +1.93 24,338 64.42 +4.19
Labour Nick Iusitini Bakulich 7,051 19.21 -1.53 6,642 17.58 -3.58
Green Richard Leckinger 2,861 7.80 +1.94 3,314 8.77 +3.48
ACT John Boscawen 887 2.39 -2.06 893 2.36 -5.56
Conservative Litia Simpson 567 1.54 +1.54 575 1.52 +1.52
Independent Wayne Young 358 0.98 +0.98
Independent Stephen Berry 152 0.41 +0.41
NZ First   1,421 3.76 +1.29
Māori   193 0.51 -0.01
United Future   156 0.41 -0.35
Legalise Cannabis   107 0.28 +0.11
Mana   102 0.27 +0.27
Libertarianz   30 0.08 +0.03
Alliance   6 0.02 -0.002
Democrats   5 0.01 +0.01
Informal votes 755 255
Total Valid votes 36,703 37,782
Turnout 38,037 77.50
National hold Majority 17,786 48.46 +3.45

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 49,080[7]

2008 election
2008 general election: Tāmaki[8]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Y Allan Peachey 24,863 65.74 23,205 60.22
Labour Josephine Bartley 7,843 20.74 8,152 21.16
Green Richard Leckinger 2,216 5.86 2,040 5.29
ACT Chris Simmons 1,683 4.45 3,053 7.92
NZ First Doug Nabbs 639 1.69 954 2.48
Progressive Ralph Taylor 292 0.77 188 0.49
United Future Gregory Graydon 282 0.75 294 0.76
Māori   201 0.52
Bill and Ben   104 0.27
Pacific   98 0.25
Kiwi   79 0.21
Legalise Cannabis   65 0.17
Family Party   46 0.12
Libertarianz   20 0.05
RAM   19 0.05
Alliance   7 0.02
Democrats   3 0.01
RONZ   2 0.01
Workers Party   2 0.01
Informal votes 402 152
Total Valid votes 37,818 38,532
National hold Majority 17,020


2005 election
2005 general election: Tamaki[9]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Allan Peachey 20,956 58.00 +22.69 19,829 53.87
Labour Leila Boyle 11,446 31.68 +0.09 11,890 32.30
ACT Ken Shirley 1,258 3.48 1,009 2.74
NZ First Brett Webster 973 2.69 1,393 3.78
Progressive Matt Robson 950 2.63 265 0.72
United Future Greg Graydon 504 1.39 615 1.67
Direct Democracy Grant Burch 45 0.12 6 0.02
Green   1,423 3.87
Māori   149 0.40 -
Destiny   98 0.27
Legalise Cannabis   54 0.15
Christian Heritage   22 0.06
Family Rights   19 0.05
Alliance   18 0.05
Libertarianz   12 0.03
99 MP   6 0.02
Democrats   5 0.01
RONZ   4 0.01
One NZ   1 0.01
Informal votes 411 139
Total Valid votes 36,132 36,807
National hold Majority 9,510 26.32 +22.61

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Tamaki for a list of candidates.

1993 election
1993 general election: Tamaki[10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Clem Simich 11,563 55.39 +9.94
Alliance Richard Green 3,612 17.30
Labour Lorraine Wilson 3,300 15.80
NZ First Gordon Preston 1,739 8.33
Christian Heritage David Lindsay 279 1.33
McGillicuddy Serious Marc de Boer 185 0.88
Natural Law Warren Stott 75 0.35
Defence Movement Bevan Skelton 51 0.24 -0.09
Independent Bertus Post 37 0.17
Workers Rights Carl Adams 32 0.15
Majority 7,951 38.09 +30.89
Turnout 20,873 86.61 +14.64
Registered electors 24,099

1992 by-election
1992 Tamaki by-election[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Clem Simich 7,901 45.45 -13.47
Alliance Chris Leitch 6,649 38.25 +21.061
Labour Verna Smith 2,121 12.20 -10.03
Christian Heritage Clive Thomson 199 1.14
United NZ Tania Harris 118 0.67
Independent Dean Lonergan 105 0.60
McGillicuddy Serious Adrian Holroyd 73 0.42
Defence Movement Bevan Skelton 57 0.33
Independent Cliff Emeny 47 0.27
Blokes Liberation Front Frank Barker 46 0.26
Social Credit Colin Maloney 34 0.20
Independent Andrew Aitkenhead 19 0.11
Independent Victor Bryers 7 0.04 -0.17
Communist League James Robb 7 0.04
Majority 1,252 7.20
Turnout 17,383 71.972 -13.682
National hold Swing -29.49

1 Alliance vote increase over 3,556 combined vote for Green Party, New Labour and Democrats in 1990 election.
2 Based on 1990 election figures.

1990 election
1990 general election: Tamaki[12][13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 12,191 58.93 +6.90
Labour Malcolm Johnston 4,599 22.23
Green Richard Green 2,633 12.73
NewLabour Bill Logue 789 3.81
McGillicuddy Serious Craig Thomas Young 183 0.88
Democrats Craig Douglas Thomas 134 0.65
Social Credit Charles Thomas Willoughby 67 0.32
Independent Matthew Ford Elliot 49 0.23
Independent Victor Bryers 44 0.21
Majority 7,592 36.70 +27.03
Turnout 20,689 85.65 -0.86
Registered electors 24,154

1987 election
1987 general election: Tamaki[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 10,466 52.03 +5.68
Labour Carl Harding 8,519 42.35
Democrats Richard John Pittams 668 3.32
NZ Party D T Roberts 343 1.70
Values Bruce Symondson 119 0.59
Majority 1,947 9.67 -7.05
Turnout 20,115 84.79 -6.50
Registered electors 23,721

1984 election
1984 general election: Tamaki[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 10,414 46.35 -7.16
Labour Robin Tulloch 6,656 29.62
NZ Party John Hodgson 4,545 20.23
Social Credit Eddie Hagen 616 2.74
Values Brett Cunningham 93 0.41
Independent S Hall 89 0.39
Independent D B Butler 51 0.22
Majority 3,758 16.72 -7.16
Turnout 22,464 91.29 +2.73
Registered electors 24,607

1981 election
1981 general election: Tamaki[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 11,543 53.51 -3.18
Labour Richard Northey 6,390 29.62
Social Credit John Stevens 3,449 15.98
Socialist Unity Bill Andersen 188 0.87 +0.58
Majority 5,153 23.88 -6.40
Turnout 21,570 88.56 +20.23
Registered electors 24,356

1978 election
1978 general election: Tamaki[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 11,814 56.69 -5.69
Labour Audie Cooke-Pennefather 5,504 26.41
Social Credit Les Tasker 2,360 11.32
Values J Woolnough 791 3.79
Progressive National D Harden 276 1.32
Socialist Unity Bill Andersen 62 0.29 +0.09
Independent P T P Grace 22 0.10
United A H Greig 8 0.03
Majority 6,310 30.28 -5.22
Turnout 20,837 68.33 -15.97
Registered electors 30,491

1975 election
1975 general election: Tamaki[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 11,836 62.38 +4.61
Labour Tim Kaye 5,101 26.88
Values Brent Impey 1,258 6.63
Social Credit David Stevens 725 3.82
Socialist Unity Bill Andersen 39 0.20 -0.41
Socialist Party Ernie Higdon 12 0.06 -0.41
Majority 6,735 35.50 +9.37
Turnout 18,971 84.30 -6.69
Registered electors 22,502

1972 election
1972 general election: Tamaki[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 10,146 57.77 -7.37
Labour Alan Hedger 5,556 31.63
Values Brian Jessup 876 4.98
Social Credit James Robinson 714 4.06
Socialist Unity Bill Andersen 108 0.61
Socialist Party Ernie Higdon 83 0.47
Independent National George Mullenger 48 0.27
New Democratic Ian Upton 31 0.17
Majority 4,590 26.13 -8.31
Turnout 17,562 90.99 -0.29
Registered electors 19,301

1969 election
1969 general election: Tamaki[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 11,513 65.14 +9.77
Labour Alfred David Bolton 5,425 30.69
Social Credit Keith Harold Arthur Branch 496 2.80 -3.37
Independent Gladys May Thorpy 239 1.35
Majority 6,088 34.44 +17.52
Turnout 17,673 90.70 +5.06
Registered electors 19,485

1966 election
1966 general election: Tamaki[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 9,248 55.37 -3.73
Labour Kevin Ryan 6,421 38.44
Social Credit Keith Harold Arthur Branch 1,032 6.17
Majority 2,827 16.92 -6.08
Turnout 16,701 85.64 -7.33
Registered electors 19,501

1963 election
1963 general election: Tamaki[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 9,645 59.10 +5.52
Labour Norman Finch 5,891 36.09
Social Credit Joseph F. Richards 382 2.34
Liberal Robert Arthur Allen 307 1.88
Communist Donald McEwan 94 0.57
Majority 3,754 23.00 +15.96
Turnout 16,319 92.97 +3.12
Registered electors 17,552

1960 election
1960 general election: Tamaki[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Robert Muldoon 8,728 53.58
Labour Bob Tizard 7,580 46.54 -4.07
Social Credit Eric Ernest McGowan 352 2.16
Communist Rita Smith 77 0.47
Majority 1,148 7.04
Turnout 16,287 89.85 -6.22
Registered electors 18,125

1957 election
1957 general election: Tamaki[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bob Tizard 7,749 50.61
National Eric Halstead 7,160 46.76 -6.54
Social Credit James Norris 400 2.61
Majority 589 3.84
Turnout 15,309 96.07 +3.10
Registered electors 15,934

1954 election
1954 general election: Tamaki[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Eric Halstead 8,665 53.30 -0.61
Labour Pat Curran 6,679 41.09
Social Credit Keith Edward Donald Robertson 910 5.59
Majority 1,986 12.21 +3.93
Turnout 16,254 92.97 +0.73
Registered electors 17,482

1951 election
1951 general election: Tamaki[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Eric Halstead 9,504 53.91 +0.83
Labour Tom Skinner 8,043 45.62 -0.52
Independent Ethel Maude Wood 84 0.47
Majority 1,461 8.28 +1.34
Turnout 17,631 92.24 -3.48
Registered electors 19,113

1949 election
1949 general election: Tamaki[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Eric Halstead 8,364 53.08
Labour Tom Skinner 7,269 46.14 -4.73
Ind. Social Credit Frederick Coles Jordan 123 0.78
Majority 1,095 6.94
Turnout 15,756 95.72 +1.15
Registered electors 16,460

1946 election
1946 general election: Tamaki[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Tom Skinner 6,781 50.87
National John George Concanon Wales 6,550 49.13
Majority 231 1.73
Turnout 13,331 94.57
Registered electors 14,095

Notes
  1. McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
  2. Wilson 1985, pp. 222, 240.
  3. "New Candidate". The Press. 28 October 2011. p. A3.
  4. "Official Count Results -- Tamaki". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  5. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2014
  6. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2011
  7. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  8. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2008
  9. Official Count Results -- Tāmaki, 2005
  10. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 106.
  11. Voting Statistics for the Electoral Referendum Held on 19 September 1992, The Tamaki By-Election Held on 15 February 1992. Electoral Commission (New Zealand).
  12. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
  13. Gustafson, Barry (2000), His way: a biography of Robert Muldoon, Auckland University Press, pp. 464–465, ISBN 9781869402365, retrieved 8 March 2014
  14. Norton 1988, pp. 354.
  15. Norton 1988, pp. 353.
  16. "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  17. "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  18. "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.

References
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
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