Tetramorium

Tetramorium
	Tetramorium caespitum worker
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Tetramorium; Mayr, 1855
Diversity
	> 520 species
Synonyms
	Apomyrmex Calilung, 2000; Atopula Emery, 1912; Decamorium Forel, 1913; Lobomyrmex Kratochvíl, 1941; Macromischoides Wheeler, 1920; Tetrogmus Roger, 1857; Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890; Xiphomyrmex Forel, 1887

Tetramorium is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species.[1][2]

Tetramorium was first described in the same publication as Monomorium.[3] These ants are also known as pavement ants.

Description

Workers of most species have a ridged clypeus, an appendaged stinger, mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, and antennae with 11 or 12 segments or with 3-segmented clubs on the tips.[2] The genus is divided into several species groups defined by various characters.[2]

Distribution

Most species are distributed throughout the Afrotropical and Oriental regions. Ten species have been recorded from Japan. The pavement ant, T. caespitum, is native to Europe and was probably introduced to North America starting in the 18th century.[4]

Biology

Most known species nest in the soil, in decaying wood, or in leaf litter. Some live in trees or in termite nests.[2]

Species

Tetramorium aculeatum (Mayr, 1866)
Tetramorium adelphon Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium adpressum (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium aegeum Radchenko, 1992
Tetramorium africanum (Mayr, 1866)
Tetramorium agile Arnold, 1960
Tetramorium agnum (Santschi, 1935)
Tetramorium akermani Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium altivagans Santschi, 1914
Tetramorium amalae Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012[2]
Tetramorium amatongae Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium amaurum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium amentete Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium amissum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium amium Forel, 1912
Tetramorium andrei Forel, 1892
Tetramorium andrynicum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium angulinode Santschi, 1910
Tetramorium anodontion Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium antennatum (Mann, 1919)
Tetramorium antipodum Wheeler, 1927
Tetramorium antrema (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium anxium Santschi, 1914
Tetramorium aptum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium argenteopilosum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium armatum Santschi, 1927
Tetramorium arnoldi (Forel, 1913)
Tetramorium arzi Thome, 1969
Tetramorium asetyum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium aspersum (Smith, 1865)
Tetramorium ataxium Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium avium Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium banyulense Bernard, 1983
Tetramorium barbigerum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium barryi Mathew, 1981
Tetramorium basum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium baufra (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium belgaense Forel, 1902
Tetramorium bellicosum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium bequaerti Forel, 1913
Tetramorium berbiculum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium bessonii Forel, 1891
Tetramorium bevisi Arnold, 1958
Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846)
Tetramorium bicolor Viehmeyer, 1914
Tetramorium biskrense Forel, 1904
Tetramorium bothae Forel, 1910
Tetramorium brevicorne Bondroit, 1918
Tetramorium brevidentatum (Kutter, 1932)
Tetramorium brevispinosum (Stitz, 1910)
Tetramorium browni Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium bulawayense Forel, 1913
Tetramorium bursakovi Radchenko, 1992
Tetramorium buthrum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857)
Tetramorium calidum Forel, 1907
Tetramorium calinum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium camerunense Mayr, 1895
Tetramorium candidum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium capense Mayr, 1865
Tetramorium capillosum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium capitale (McAreavey, 1949)
Tetramorium carinatum (Smith, 1859)
Tetramorium centum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium chapmani Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium chefteki Forel, 1911
Tetramorium chepocha (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium chloe (Santschi, 1920)
Tetramorium christiei Forel, 1902
Tetramorium ciliatum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium clunum Forel, 1913
Tetramorium cognatum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium coillum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium coloreum Mayr, 1901
Tetramorium concaviceps Bursakov, 1984
Tetramorium confine Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990
Tetramorium confusum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium constanciae Arnold, 1917
Tetramorium convexum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium coonoorense Forel, 1902
Tetramorium crepum Wang & Wu, 1988
Tetramorium cristatum Stitz, 1910
Tetramorium crypticum (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium cuneinode Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium curtulum Emery, 1895
Tetramorium curvispinosum Mayr, 1897
Tetramorium cynicum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium davidi Forel, 1911
Tetramorium decamerum (Forel, 1902)
Tetramorium deceptum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium dedefra (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium degener Santschi, 1911
Tetramorium delagoense Forel, 1894
Tetramorium densopilosum Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990
Tetramorium depressiceps Menozzi, 1933
Tetramorium desertorum (Forel, 1910)
Tetramorium dichroum Santschi, 1932
Tetramorium difficile Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium diligens (Smith, 1865)
Tetramorium diomandei Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium distinctum (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium do Forel, 1914
Tetramorium dogieli Karavaiev, 1931
Tetramorium dolichosum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium dominum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium doriae Emery, 1881
Tetramorium dumezi Menozzi, 1942
Tetramorium dysalum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium dysderke Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium edouardi Forel, 1894
Tetramorium eleates Forel, 1913
Tetramorium electrum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium elidisum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium elisabethae Forel, 1904
Tetramorium emeryi Mayr, 1901
Tetramorium eminii (Forel, 1894)
Tetramorium erectum Emery, 1895
Tetramorium ericae Arnold, 1917
Tetramorium etiolatum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium exasperatum Emery, 1891
Tetramorium fergusoni Forel, 1902
Tetramorium ferox Ruzsky, 1903
Tetramorium feroxoide Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985
Tetramorium fezzanense Bernard, 1948
Tetramorium flabellum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium flagellatum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium flaviceps Arnold, 1960
Tetramorium flavipes Emery, 1893
Tetramorium flavithorax (Santschi, 1914)
Tetramorium forte Forel, 1904
Tetramorium frenchi Forel, 1914
Tetramorium frigidum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium fulviceps (Emery, 1897)
Tetramorium furtivum (Arnold, 1956)
Tetramorium fuscipes (Viehmeyer, 1925)
Tetramorium gabonense (Andre, 1892)
Tetramorium galoasanum Santschi, 1910
Tetramorium gambogecum (Donisthorpe, 1941)
Tetramorium gazense Arnold, 1958
Tetramorium gegaimi Forel, 1916
Tetramorium geminatum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium gestroi (Menozzi, 1933)
Tetramorium ghindanum Forel, 1910
Tetramorium glabratum Stitz, 1923
Tetramorium gladstonei Forel, 1913
Tetramorium goniommoide Poldi, 1979
Tetramorium gracile Forel, 1894
Tetramorium grandinode Santschi, 1913
Tetramorium granulatum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium grassii Emery, 1895
Tetramorium guineense (Bernard, 1953)
Tetramorium hapale Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium hippocrate Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
Tetramorium hispidum (Wheeler, 1915)
Tetramorium hortorum Arnold, 1958
Tetramorium humbloti Forel, 1891
Tetramorium hungaricum Röszler, 1935
Tetramorium ibycterum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium ictidum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium imbelle (Emery, 1915)
Tetramorium impressum (Viehmeyer, 1925)
Tetramorium impurum (Foerster, 1850)
Tetramorium incruentatum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium indicum Forel, 1913
Tetramorium indosinense Wheeler, 1927
Tetramorium inerme Mayr, 1877
Tetramorium inezulae (Forel, 1914)
Tetramorium infraspinosum Karavaiev, 1935
Tetramorium infraspinum Forel, 1905
Tetramorium inglebyi Forel, 1902
Tetramorium insolens (Smith, 1861)
Tetramorium intextum Santschi, 1914
Tetramorium intonsum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium invictum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium isectum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium isipingense Forel, 1914
Tetramorium jauresi Forel, 1914
Tetramorium jejunum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium jiangxiense Wang & Xiao, 1988
Tetramorium jizane Collingwood, 1985
Tetramorium jordani Santschi, 1937
Tetramorium juba Collingwood, 1985
Tetramorium jugatum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium kabulistanicum Pisarski, 1967
Tetramorium karakalense Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985
Tetramorium katypum (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium kelleri Forel, 1887
Tetramorium kestrum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium kheperra (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium khnum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium khyarum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium kisilkumense Dlussky, 1990
Tetramorium kraepelini Forel, 1905
Tetramorium krynitum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium kydelphon Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium laevithorax Emery, 1895
Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, 1870
Tetramorium laparum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium laticephalum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium latreillei Forel, 1895
Tetramorium legone Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium lobulicorne Santschi, 1916
Tetramorium longicorne Forel, 1907
Tetramorium longoi Forel, 1915
Tetramorium lucayanum Wheeler, 1905
Tetramorium lucidulum Menozzi, 1933
Tetramorium luteipes Santschi, 1910
Tetramorium luteolum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium magnificum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium mai Wang, 1993
Tetramorium manni Bolton, 1985
Tetramorium marginatum Forel, 1895
Tetramorium matopoense Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium maurum Santschi, 1918
Tetramorium mayri (Mann, 1919)
Tetramorium megalops Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium melanogyna Mann, 1919
Tetramorium menkaura (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium meressei Forel, 1916
Tetramorium meridionale Emery, 1870
Tetramorium meshena Bolton, 1976
Tetramorium metactum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium mexicanum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium microgyna Santschi, 1918
Tetramorium microps (Mayr, 1901)
Tetramorium minimum (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium minusculum (Santschi, 1914)
Tetramorium miserabile Santschi, 1918
Tetramorium mixtum Forel, 1902
Tetramorium monardi (Santschi, 1937)
Tetramorium mossamedense Forel, 1901
Tetramorium muralti Forel, 1910
Tetramorium muscorum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium mutatum Bolton, 1985
Tetramorium myops Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium nacta (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium naganum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium nautarum Santschi, 1918
Tetramorium navum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium nazgul Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2012
Tetramorium nefassitense Forel, 1910
Tetramorium nigrum Forel, 1907
Tetramorium nipponense Wheeler, 1928
Tetramorium nitidissimum Pisarski, 1967
Tetramorium nodiferum (Emery, 1901)
Tetramorium noratum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium notiale Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium nube Weber, 1943
Tetramorium nursei Bingham, 1903
Tetramorium obesum Andre, 1887
Tetramorium obtusidens Viehmeyer, 1916
Tetramorium occidentale (Santschi, 1916)
Tetramorium ocothrum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium oculatum Forel, 1913
Tetramorium ornatum Emery, 1897
Tetramorium osiris (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium pacificum Mayr, 1870
Tetramorium palaense Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium parasiticum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium parvispinum (Emery, 1893)
Tetramorium parvum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium pauper Forel, 1907
Tetramorium peringueyi Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium perlongum Santschi, 1923
Tetramorium persignatum Bolton, 1995
Tetramorium petersi Forel, 1910
Tetramorium peutli Forel, 1916
Tetramorium phasias Forel, 1914
Tetramorium pialtum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium pilosum Emery, 1893
Tetramorium pinnipilum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium placidum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium platynode Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium pleganon Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium plesiarum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium plumosum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium pnyxis Bolton, 1976
Tetramorium pogonion Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium politum Emery, 1897
Tetramorium postpetiolatum Santschi, 1919
Tetramorium poweri Forel, 1914
Tetramorium praetextum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium proximum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium psymanum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium pulchellum Emery, 1897
Tetramorium pulcherrimum (Donisthorpe, 1945)
Tetramorium pullulum Santschi, 1924
Tetramorium punctiventre Emery, 1887
Tetramorium punicum (Smith, 1861)
Tetramorium pusillum Emery, 1895
Tetramorium pylacum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium pyrenaeicum Roeszler, 1937
Tetramorium quadridentatum Stitz, 1910
Tetramorium quadrispinosum Emery, 1886
Tetramorium qualarum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium quasirum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium ranarum Forel, 1895
Tetramorium regulare Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium rekhefe Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium repentinum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium repletum Wang & Xiao, 1988
Tetramorium reptana Bolton, 1976
Tetramorium reticuligerum Bursakov, 1984
Tetramorium rhetidum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium rigidum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium rimytyum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium rinatum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium robustior Forel, 1892
Tetramorium rogatum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium rossi (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium rothschildi (Forel, 1907)
Tetramorium rotundatum (Santschi, 1924)
Tetramorium rufescens (Stitz, 1923)
Tetramorium rugigaster Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium ruginode Stitz, 1917
Tetramorium saginatum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium sahlbergi Finzi, 1936
Tetramorium salomo Mann, 1919
Tetramorium salvatum Forel, 1902
Tetramorium scabrosum (Smith, 1859)
Tetramorium schaufussii Forel, 1891
Tetramorium schmidti Forel, 1904
Tetramorium schneideri Emery, 1898
Tetramorium schoutedeni Santschi, 1924
Tetramorium sculptatum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium scytalum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium semilaeve Andre, 1883
Tetramorium semireticulatum Arnold, 1917
Tetramorium seneb Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium sepositum Santschi, 1918
Tetramorium sepultum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877
Tetramorium sericeum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium setigerum Mayr, 1901
Tetramorium setuliferum Emery, 1895
Tetramorium severini (Emery, 1895)
Tetramorium shensiense Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium shilohense Forel, 1913
Tetramorium sigillum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium signatum Emery, 1895
Tetramorium sikorae Forel, 1892
Tetramorium simillimum (Smith, 1851)
Tetramorium simulator Arnold, 1917
Tetramorium sitefrum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium sjostedti Forel, 1915
Tetramorium smaug Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2012
Tetramorium smithi Mayr, 1879
Tetramorium solidum Emery, 1886
Tetramorium somniculosum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium spininode Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium spinosum (Pergande, 1896)
Tetramorium splendens Ruzsky, 1902
Tetramorium splendidior (Viehmeyer, 1925)
Tetramorium squaminode Santschi, 1911
Tetramorium steinheili Forel, 1892
Tetramorium striativentre Mayr, 1877
Tetramorium strictum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium striolatum Viehmeyer, 1914
Tetramorium subcoecum Forel, 1907
Tetramorium sudanense (Weber, 1943)
Tetramorium surrogatum Bolton, 1985
Tetramorium syriacum Emery, 1922
Tetramorium tabarum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium talpa (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium tanakai Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium tantillum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium taueret Bolton, 1995
Tetramorium taylori Bolton, 1985
Tetramorium tenebrosum Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium tenuicrine (Emery, 1914)
Tetramorium termitobium Emery, 1908
Tetramorium tersum Santschi, 1911
Tetramorium thalidum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium thoth (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium titus Forel, 1910
Tetramorium tonganum Mayr, 1870
Tetramorium tortuosum Roger, 1863
Tetramorium tosii Emery, 1899
Tetramorium traegaordhi Santschi, 1914
Tetramorium transversarium Roger, 1863
Tetramorium tricarinatum Viehmeyer, 1914
Tetramorium trimeni (Emery, 1895)
Tetramorium tsushimae Emery, 1925
Tetramorium turcomanicum Santschi, 1921
Tetramorium turneri Forel, 1902
Tetramorium tychadion Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium tylinum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium typhlops Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium ubangense Santschi, 1937
Tetramorium umtaliense Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium unicum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium urbanii Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium validiusculum Emery, 1897
Tetramorium vandalum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium vernicosum Radchenko, 1992
Tetramorium versiculum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium vertigum Bolton, 1977
Tetramorium vexator Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium viehmeyeri Forel, 1907
Tetramorium viticola Weber, 1943
Tetramorium vombis (Bolton, 1976)
Tetramorium wadje Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium wagneri Viehmeyer, 1914
Tetramorium walshi (Forel, 1890)
Tetramorium warreni Arnold, 1926
Tetramorium weitzeckeri Emery, 1895
Tetramorium xanthogaster Santschi, 1911
Tetramorium xuthum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium yarthiellum Bolton, 1976
Tetramorium yerburyi Forel, 1902
Tetramorium youngi Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium zahrae Santschi, 1923
Tetramorium zambezium Santschi, 1939
Tetramorium zapyrum Bolton, 1980
Tetramorium zenatum Bolton, 1979
Tetramorium zonacaciae (Weber, 1943)
Tetramorium zypidum Bolton, 1977

Gallery

Tetramorium reptana
Tetramorium ant tending a mealybug
Tetramorium guineense
Tetramorium caespitum

References

Bolton, B. (2014). "Tetramorium". AntCat. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
Sharaf, Aldawood, Taylor (2012). "A New Ant Species of the Genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with a Revised Key to the Arabian Species". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e30811. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030811. PMC 3289629. PMID 22389667.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Mayr, G. (1855): Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Ameisen. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 5: 273-478.
Jacobs, S. Pavement Ant. Penn State Extension. 2014.

External links

Japanese Ant Image Database: Genus Tetramorium
AntWeb: Pictures of some Tetramorium species