The Andy Griffith Show

The Andy Griffith Show is an American situation comedy television series, that aired on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968, with a total of 249 half-hour episodes spanning eight seasons-- 159 in black and white and 90 in color. The series originated partly from an episode of The Danny Thomas Show. The show starred Andy Griffith as Andy Taylor, the widowed sheriff of Mayberry, North Carolina, a fictional community of 2,000 people.[1] Other major characters include Andy's well-meaning cousin and incompetent deputy, Barney Fife (Don Knotts); Andy's aunt and housekeeper, Bee Taylor (Frances Bavier); and Andy's young son, Opie (Ron Howard). Eccentric townspeople and, periodically, Andy's girlfriends complete the cast. Regarding the tone of the show, Griffith said that despite a contemporary setting, the show evoked nostalgia, saying in a Today Show interview, "Well, though we never said it, and though it was shot in the '60s, it had a feeling of the '30s. It was, when we were doing it, of a time gone by."[2] The series never placed lower than seventh in the Nielsen ratings, ending its final season at number one. The only other shows to end their runs at the top of the ratings are I Love Lucy (1957) and Seinfeld (1998).[3] On separate occasions, it has been ranked by TV Guide as the ninth- and thirteenth-best series in American television history.[4][5] Though neither Griffith nor the show won awards during its eight-season run, co-stars Knotts and Bavier accumulated a combined total of six Emmy Awards. The series spawned its own spin-off-- Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (1964) and a reunion telemovie, Return to Mayberry (1986). After the eighth season, when Griffith left the series, it was retitled Mayberry, R.F.D., with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Griffith and Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran for 78 episodes, ending in 1971 after only three seasons. Reruns of The Andy Griffith Show are often shown on TV Land, MeTV, The CW and SundanceTV. On those channels, the episodes are edited to make room for commercials, but some airings on SundanceTV air the full uncut versions. The complete series is available on DVD and is intermittently available on such streaming video services as Amazon Prime. Mayberry Days, an annual festival celebrating the sitcom, is held each year in Griffith's hometown, Mount Airy, North Carolina.[6]

The Andy Griffith Show
Opening sequence including
"The Fishing Hole"
GenreSitcom
Created bySheldon Leonard
StarringAndy Griffith
Ronny Howard
Don Knotts (seasons 1-5)
Frances Bavier
Elinor Donahue (season 1)
Jim Nabors (seasons 3-4)
Narrated byColin Male (1960–1964)
Theme music composerEarle Hagen and Herbert W. Spencer
Opening theme"The Fishin' Hole"
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons8
No. of episodes249 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producersSheldon Leonard
Danny Thomas
Production locationsDesilu Culver (1960–1967)
Paramount Studios (1967–1968)
Camera setupSingle-camera
Running time25–26 minutes
Production companiesDanny Thomas Enterprises
Mayberry Enterprises
CBS Productions
DistributorCBS Television Distribution
Release
Original networkCBS
Picture formatBlack-and-white (1960–1965)
Color (1965–1968)
Audio formatMonaural
Original releaseOctober 3, 1960 (1960-10-03) –
April 1, 1968 (1968-04-01)
Chronology
Followed byMayberry R.F.D.
Related showsThe Danny Thomas Show
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

Origin

Sheldon Leonard-- producer of The Danny Thomas Show-- and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the "Danny Thomas" episodes) to create a pilot show for Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town.[7] At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part.[7] After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode.[7] On February 15, 1960, The Danny Thomas Show episode "Danny Meets Andy Griffith" aired.[7] In the episode, Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas' character) for running a stop sign. Future players in The Andy Griffith Show, Bavier and Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son), respectively.[7] General Foods, sponsor of The Danny Thomas Show, had first access to the spin-off and committed to it immediately.[7] On October 3, 1960, at 9:30 p.m., The Andy Griffith Show made its debut.[8]

Production
Knotts and Griffith as their characters in a still taken from the October 7, 1965 one-hour variety special The Andy Griffith, Don Knotts, and Jim Nabors Show

The sitcom's production team included producers Aaron Ruben (1960–65) and Bob Ross (1965–68).[7] First-season writers (many of whom worked in pairs) included Jack Elinson, Charles Stewart, Arthur Stander and Frank Tarloff (as "David Adler"), Benedict Freedman and John Fenton Murray, Leo Solomon and Ben Gershman, and Jim Fritzell and Everett Greenbaum.[7] During season six, Greenbaum and Fritzell left the show and Ruben departed for Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., a show which he owned in part.[7] Writer Harvey Bullock left after season six. Bob Sweeney directed the first three seasons save the premiere.[9] The show was filmed at Desilu Studios,[7] with exteriors filmed at Forty Acres in Culver City, California.[7] Woodsy locales were filmed north of Beverly Hills at Franklin Canyon,[7] including the opening credits and closing credits with Andy and Opie walking to and from "the fishin' hole".[10] Don Knotts, who knew Griffith professionally and had seen The Danny Thomas Show episode, called Griffith during the developmental stages of the show and suggested the Sheriff character needed a deputy. Griffith agreed. Knotts auditioned for the show's creator and executive producer, Sheldon Leonard, and was offered a five-year contract playing Barney Fife.[7] The show's theme music, "The Fishin' Hole," was composed by Earle Hagen and Herbert Spencer, with lyrics written by Everett Sloane, who also guest starred as Jubal Foster in the episode "The Keeper of the Flame" (1962). Whistling in the opening sequence, as well as the closing credits sequence, was performed by Earle Hagen.[7] One of the show's tunes, "The Mayberry March," was reworked a number of times in different tempo, styles and orchestrations as background music. The show's sole sponsor was General Foods,[7] with promotional consideration paid for (in the form of cars) by Ford Motor Company (mentioned in the credits).

Griffith's development of Andy Taylor

Initially, Griffith played Taylor as a heavy-handed country bumpkin, grinning from ear to ear and speaking in a hesitant, frantic manner. The style recalled that used in the delivery of his popular monologues such as "What It Was, Was Football." He gradually abandoned the "rustic Taylor" and developed a serious and thoughtful characterization. Producer Aaron Ruben recalled:

He was being that marvelously funny character from No Time for Sergeants, Will Stockdale [a role Griffith played on stage and in film] ... One day he said, "My God, I just realized that I'm the straight man. I'm playing straight to all these kooks around me." He didn't like himself [in first year reruns] ... and in the next season he changed, becoming this Lincolnesque character.[7]

As Griffith stopped portraying some of the sheriff's more unsophisticated character traits and mannerisms, it was impossible for him to create his own problems and troubles in the manner of other central sitcom characters such as Lucy in I Love Lucy or Archie Bunker in All in the Family, whose problems were the result of their temperaments, philosophies and attitudes. Consequently, the characters around Taylor were employed to create the problems and troubles, with rock-solid Taylor stepping in as problem solver, mediator, advisor, disciplinarian and counselor.[7]

Plot and characters
Main articles: List of The Andy Griffith Show characters and List of The Andy Griffith Show guest stars
From left: Deputy Barney Fife (Don Knotts), Opie Taylor (Ron Howard), Sheriff Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), and Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier)
In the episode "Andy Saves Barney's Morale" (1961), Andy goes out of town and leaves Barney in charge. Upon returning, he finds that Barney took his job so seriously, he has put the entire population of Mayberry in jail for petty crimes.

The series plot revolves around Sheriff Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith) and his life in sleepy, slow-paced fictional Mayberry, North Carolina. Sheriff Taylor's level-headed approach to law enforcement makes him the scourge of local moonshiners and out-of-town criminals, while his abilities to settle community problems with common-sense advice, mediation, and conciliation make him popular with his fellow citizens. His professional life, however, is complicated by the repeated gaffes of his inept deputy, Barney Fife (Don Knotts). Barney is Andy's cousin, but that is only mentioned in a few early episodes. Andy socializes with male friends in the Main Street barbershop and dates various ladies until a schoolteacher becomes his steady interest in season three. At home, Andy enjoys fishing trips with his son, Opie (Ronny Howard), and quiet evenings on the front porch with his maiden aunt and housekeeper, Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier). Opie tests his father's parenting skills season after season, and Aunt Bee's ill-considered romances and adventures cause her nephew concern. Andy's friends and neighbors include, at various times, barber Floyd Lawson (Howard McNear; Walter Baldwin portrayed the role in the 1960 episode "Stranger in Town"), service station attendants and cousins Gomer Pyle (Jim Nabors) and Goober Pyle (George Lindsey), and local drunkard Otis Campbell (Hal Smith). There were two mayors: Mayor Pike, who was more relaxed, and Mayor Roy Stoner (Parley Baer) who had a more assertive personality. On the distaff side, townswoman Clara Edwards (Hope Summers), Barney's sweetheart Thelma Lou (Betty Lynn) and Andy's schoolteacher sweetheart Helen Crump (Aneta Corsaut) become semi-regulars. Ellie Walker (Elinor Donahue) is Andy's girlfriend in the first season, while Peggy McMillan (Joanna Moore) is a nurse who becomes his girlfriend in season 3. Ernest T. Bass made his first appearance in Episode #94 ("Mountain Wedding") and four later episodes. The actor who portrayed him, Howard Morris, also appeared as George, the television repairman, in Episode #140 ("Andy and Helen Have Their Day") and in two, uncredited voice roles as Leonard Blush and a radio announcer. Morris also directed a total of eight episodes of the show, none while portraying Ernest T. Bass. In the color seasons, County Clerk Howard Sprague (Jack Dodson) and handyman Emmett Clark (Paul Hartman) appear regularly, while Barney's replacement deputy Warren Ferguson (Jack Burns) appears in about half of season six. Unseen characters such as telephone operator Sarah, and Barney's love interest, local diner waitress Juanita Beasley, as mentioned in the first season, are often referenced. The show's announcer for the first five seasons, Colin Male, portrayed Game Warden Peterson in Episode #140 ("Andy and Helen Have Their Day"). In the series' last few episodes, farmer Sam Jones (Ken Berry) debuts and later becomes the lead of the retitled show, Mayberry R.F.D..[7] Don Knotts, Aneta Corsaut, Jack Dodson and Betty Lynn also appeared on Griffith's later show Matlock.

Episodes
Main article: List of The Andy Griffith Show episodes
SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedRankRating
First airedLast aired
Intro1February 15, 1960 (1960-02-15)N/AN/A
132October 3, 1960 (1960-10-03)May 22, 1961 (1961-05-22)427.8
231October 2, 1961 (1961-10-02)May 7, 1962 (1962-05-07)727.0
332October 1, 1962 (1962-10-01)May 6, 1963 (1963-05-06)629.7
432September 30, 1963 (1963-09-30)May 18, 1964 (1964-05-18)529.4
532September 21, 1964 (1964-09-21)May 3, 1965 (1965-05-03)428.3
630September 13, 1965 (1965-09-13)April 11, 1966 (1966-04-11)626.9
730September 12, 1966 (1966-09-12)April 10, 1967 (1967-04-10)327.4
830September 11, 1967 (1967-09-11)April 1, 1968 (1968-04-01)127.6

The show comprises eight full seasons and 249 episodes[7]-- 159 episodes in black and white (seasons 1–5) and 90 in color (seasons 6–8). Griffith appears in all 249 episodes with Howard appearing in 209. Only Griffith, Howard, Bavier, Knotts and Hope Summers appeared in all eight seasons. Knotts left the show at the end of season five to pursue a career in films (on the show, it is told that he takes a job as a detective with the State Police in Raleigh) but returned to make five guest appearances as Barney in seasons six through eight. His last appearance is in the final season, in a story about a summit meeting with Russian dignitaries "ranked eleventh among single comedy programs most watched in television between 1960 and 1984, with an audience of thirty-three and a half million."[7]

Reruns, spinoffs and reunions
Sam Jones (Ken Berry) and his son Mike (Buddy Foster) were recurring characters in the final season of The Andy Griffith Show, setting up the sequel series Mayberry R.F.D..

In 1964, daytime reruns began airing during the fall season and has been in syndication for 57 years.[7] The show was retitled Andy of Mayberry to distinguish the repeat episodes from the new episodes airing in primetime.[11] At the end of season four (May 1964), the backdoor pilot "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." aired and the following September, the spinoff series Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. debuted with Jim Nabors in the role of Gomer and Frank Sutton as drill instructor Sergeant Vince Carter. In the last episodes of the eighth season, as Griffith was preparing to leave, the character Sam Jones, played by Ken Berry, was introduced as the new star and the series was retitled Mayberry R.F.D.. Most of the cast members continued their original roles, with Bavier becoming Sam's housekeeper. To create a smooth transition, Andy and Helen were married in the first episode with the new title and remained for a few additional episodes before leaving with a move to Raleigh, effectively ending their appearances. After RFD's cancellation in 1971, George Lindsey played Goober for many years on the popular country-variety show Hee Haw. Goober, Barney and Emmett all made appearances in the series premiere of The New Andy Griffith Show, which starred Griffith as a similar but canonically different character, Mayor Andy Sawyer. All three characters treated Sawyer as if he were Andy Taylor. The series as a whole only lasted ten episodes.[12] In 1986, the reunion telemovie Return to Mayberry was broadcast with several cast members reprising their original roles. Absent, however, was Frances Bavier. She was living in Siler City, North Carolina in ill health and declined to participate. In the TV movie, Aunt Bee is portrayed as deceased (and in fact, Bavier did die three years later), with Andy visiting her grave. Also absent were Howard McNear, Paul Hartman, Jack Burns and the cast members who were featured only in the Mayberry RFD seasons. Griffith and Howard reprised their roles a final time for a Funny or Die skit supporting the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama.[13] In 1993, The Andy Griffith Show had a Reunion Special which featured Andy Griffith, Don Knotts, Ron Howard, Jim Nabors, George Lindsey and Jack Dodson.[14] In 2003, four surviving cast members (Griffith, Howard, Knotts and Nabors) came together for a reunion special that featured the actors reminiscing about Lindsey's time on the show. The production was interspersed with archival footage and short filmed interviews with some of the other surviving cast members. This special was called The Andy Griffith Show: Back to Mayberry.[15][16]

Ratings

The Andy Griffith Show was a top ten hit through its entire run, never ranking lower than seventh place in the yearly ratings.[17] A Nielsen study conducted during the show's final season (1967–68) indicated the show ranked number one among blue collar workers followed by The Lucy Show and Gunsmoke. Among white collar workers, the show ranked number three following Saturday Movies and The Dean Martin Show.[7] The Andy Griffith Show is one of only three shows to have its final season be the number one ranked show on television, the other two being I Love Lucy and Seinfeld. In 1998, the year Seinfeld ended, more than five million people a day watched the show's reruns on 120 stations.[18]

Emmys

1961

  • Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor or Actress in a Series: Don Knotts – Won
  • Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Humor – Nominated (Winner: The Jack Benny Program)

1962

  • Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor: Don Knotts – Won
  • Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Humor – Nominated (Winner: The Bob Newhart Show)

1963

  • Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor: Don Knotts – Won

1966

  • Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Don Knotts for "The Return of Barney Fife" – Won

1967

  • Outstanding Comedy Series – Nominated (Winner: The Monkees)
  • Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Don Knotts for "Barney Comes to Mayberry" – Won
  • Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Frances Bavier – Won

TV Land Awards
  • Favorite Second Banana: Don Knotts – Won (2003)
  • Single Dad of the Year: Andy Griffith – Won (2003)
  • Legend Award – Won (2004)

Merchandise and pop culture

Very little merchandise was produced for The Andy Griffith Show during its original run, a peculiarity for a hit TV show in the 1960s. One theory for the lack of merchandise is that the show's producers, Griffith in particular, wanted to protect its image as a realistic and thoughtful offering and keep the public's focus on the show itself rather than its branding.[19] Among the handful of merchandise released during the show's first run, Dell Comics published two The Andy Griffith Show comic books, one drawn by Henry Scarpelli, the other by Bill Fraccio.[19][20] In 2004, copies in near-mint condition were priced in excess of $500 each.[21] There was also a soundtrack album, two coloring books, and a 1966 Grape-Nuts cereal box with a photo of Griffith in character as Sheriff Andy Taylor beside a lemon pie recipe on the back.[19] The show's enduring popularity has spawned considerable merchandise during the decades following its cancellation,[19] including board games, bobblehead dolls, kitchenware, and books. In 2007, a line of canned foods inspired by the series was made available in grocery stores across America. Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina annually hosts a week-long "Mayberry Days" celebration featuring concerts, parades and appearances by the show's players. In 1997, the episode "Opie the Birdman" was ranked No. 24 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time.[22] In 2002, TV Guide ranked The Andy Griffith Show ninth on its list of the 50 Best Shows of All Time.[4] Bravo ranked Andy Taylor 63rd on their list of the 100 greatest TV characters.[23] In 2003, the country band Rascal Flatts released the song Mayberry and many of the lyrics pay tribute to the show. The cable television network TV Land erected bronze statues of Andy and Opie in Mount Airy and Raleigh, North Carolina (see: Pullen Park).[24] The Taylor Home Inn in Clear Lake, Wisconsin, is a bed-and-breakfast modeled after the Taylor Home.[25] The Mayberry Cafe in Danville, Indiana features Aunt Bee's Fried Chicken and a replica of Andy's Ford Galaxie police car. In 2013, TV Guide ranked The Andy Griffith Show #15 on their list of the 60 Greatest Shows of All Time.[5]

Home media

In the late 1980s, Premier Promotions released various episodes on VHS. Most tapes had either two or four episodes. In the early to mid-1990s, United American Video released VHS tapes of various episodes. They either had two or three episodes. These compilations were culled from episodes early in the show's run that had lapsed into the public domain; these episodes continue to be circulated on unofficial video releases. Between 2004 and 2006, Paramount Home Entertainment and later in 2006, CBS Home Entertainment released all eight seasons as single-season packages on Region 1 DVD. The Andy Griffith Show: The Complete Series was first released as a 40-disc boxed set in 2007. In addition to all 249 episodes of the series, its bonus features included the episode "Danny Meets Andy Griffith" from The Danny Thomas Show which served as the pilot, the episode "Opie Joins the Marines" from Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. which featured Ron Howard and the 95-minute, made-for-television comedy film Return to Mayberry. In 2016, The Andy Griffith Show: The Complete Series was repackaged and released again as a 39-disc set that featured all 249 episodes of the series but did not include the bonus feature disc. 16 episodes from the third season, which lapsed into the public domain after CBS neglected to file copyright renewals on the episodes in 1989, are available on discount DVDs. The 2007 lawsuit CBS Operations Inc v. Reel Funds International Inc. ruled that the episodes in question were derivative works based on the copyrighted episodes even though the episodes themselves were not under copyright and granted CBS indirect copyright over the public domain episodes; the ruling enjoined Reel Funds International, a public domain distributor, from selling DVDs with those episodes within the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.[26][27]

DVD Name Ep# Release Date
The First Season 32 November 16, 2004
The Second Season 31 May 24, 2005
The Third Season 32 August 16, 2005
The Fourth Season 32 November 22, 2005
The Fifth Season 32 February 14, 2006
The Sixth Season 30 May 9, 2006
The Seventh Season 30 August 29, 2006
The Final Season 30 December 12, 2006
The Complete Series 249 May 29, 2007
The Complete Series 249 February 16, 2016

Note: The Region 1 release of The Third Season contains two episodes edited for syndication: "The Darlings Are Coming"-- which had several scenes cut-- and "Barney Mends a Broken Heart," which had its epilogue cut.

References
  1. season 4, episodes 20, as stated in the script
  2. "Andy Griffith & Don Knotts on The Today Show". NBC Today Show. March 4, 1996. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
  3. DOSTIS, MELANIE. "Looking back at 'I Love Lucy' 64 years later". nydailynews.com. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  4. "TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows". Associated Press. February 11, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  5. Fretts, Bruce; Roush, Matt. "The Greatest Shows on Earth". TV Guide Magazine. 61 (3194–3195): 16–19.
  6. "Mayberry Days". The Surry Arts Council Presents Mayberry Days.
  7. Kelly, Richard. The Andy Griffith Show. Blair, 1981.
  8. Beck, Ken, and Jim Clark. The Andy Griffith Show Book. St. Martin's Griffin, 1995.
  9. "Don Knotts, Andy Griffith & Jim Neighbors, The Andy Griffith Show 1960s". My Vintage Photos. My Vintage Photos. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  10. Clodfelter, Tim (March 28, 2020). "Ask SAM". Winston-Salem Journal.
  11. Terrace, Vincent (2009). Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 Through 2007. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7864-3305-6.
  12. The New Andy Griffith Show, TVparty.com, retrieved February 12, 2020
  13. Thomson, Katherine (December 21, 2008). "Inside Ron Howard's Obama Video Endorsement – EXCLUSIVE". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
  14. Oldenburg, Ann (February 21, 2005). "Happy days for television reunions". USA Today. p. 1. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
  15. "The Andy Griffith Show: Back to Mayberry". imdb.com. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
  16. O'Connor, John J. (February 10, 1993). "Review/Television; A Friendly Mayberry Get-Together". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
  17. "Classic TV Hits: TV Ratings".
  18. Ted Rueter (January 22, 1998). "What Andy, Opie, and Barney Fife Mean to Americans". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
  19. Eury, Michael (Summer 2018). "Original Andy Griffith Show Collectibles". RetroFan. TwoMorrows Publishing (1): 59–62.
  20. "Henry Scarpelli". lambiek.net. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
  21. Overstreet, Robert M. Official Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide. 34th edition. House of Collectibles, Random House Information Group, May 2004.
  22. "Special Collector's Issue: 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time". TV Guide (June 28 – July 4). 1997.
  23. "The 100 Greatest TV Characters". Bravo. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  24. "Vandals toss paint on statue of Andy and Opie in N.C.(Front)". Associated Press. February 25, 2010. Archived from the original on May 13, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2013. – via HighBeam Research (subscription required)
  25. "A little touch of Mayberry: B&B recreates Andy Griffith's TV show home". Associated Press. July 27, 2006. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  26. "Winston.com". Archived from the original on August 31, 2013.
  27. "CBS Operations Inc v. Reel Funds International Inc". gpo.gov.

Further reading
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