Third and Lexington Avenues Line

The Third and Amsterdam Avenues Line, also known as the Third Avenue Line, is a public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, running from Lower Manhattan to Fort George in Washington Heights. Originally a streetcar line, it now consists of the M98, M101, M102, and M103 bus routes, operated by the New York City Transit Authority. The M98 bus route operates on Third Avenue between East 65th Street and East 127th Street, but formerly continued to 32nd Street. The M101, M102 and M103 bus routes run southbound on Lexington Avenue north of East 24th Street.

m98, m101
m101, m102, m103
Third and Lexington Avenues Line
An M103 New Flyer D60HF near City Hall in 2008
Overview
SystemMTA New York City Bus
OperatorNew York City Transit Authority
GarageManhattanville (M98)
Tuskegee Airmen (M101-M103)
VehicleDaimler Buses Orion VII (M98)
Nova Bus LFS Articulated (M101-M103)
New Flyer XD60 Xcelsior (M101-M103)
Began service1853 (train)
1947 (bus)
2010 (current alignment)
Route
LocaleManhattan
StartM98: Upper East Side – 68th Street
M101-M102: East Village – 6th Street
M103: City Hall
ViaThird Avenue (northbound)
Lexington Avenue (southbound)
EndM98: Washington Heights – Cabrini Boulevard
M101: Fort George – 193rd Street
M102: Harlem – 147th Street
M103: East Harlem – 125th Street
LengthM98 SB: 7.2 miles (11.6 km)[1]
M101 SB: 11.3 miles (18.2 km)[2]
M102 SB: 7.5 miles (12.1 km)[3]
M103 SB: 7.8 miles (12.6 km)[4]
Service
Operates24 hours (M101-3)
Rush hour peak-direction only (M98)
Annual patronage
  • 421,348 (M98, 2017)
  • 7,076,500 (M101, 2017)
  • 3,708,744 (M102, 2017)
  • 2,873,012 (M103, 2017)[5]
TransfersYes
TimetableM98 M101 M102 M103
← M100  {{{system_nav}}}  M104 →

Current bus service

M98

The M98 operates between Hunter College at East 68th Street on the Upper East Side and Fort Tryon Park in Inwood near West 192nd Street. The M98 operates northbound via Third Avenue, and southbound via Lexington Avenue. At East 120th Street, southbound service shifts from Park to Lexington Avenues, while at East 127th Street, the M98 northbound service shifts onto the Harlem River Drive. The M98 exits the Harlem River Drive via the Interstate 95/Amsterdam Avenue exit. The M98 travels westbound along West 179th Street and eastbound along West 178th Street between Amsterdam Avenue and Fort Washington Avenue, where the M98 turns north on Fort Washington Avenue until its terminal at the entrance to Fort Tryon Park.[6]

M101

The M101 spans between Cooper Square in the East Village and West 193rd Street and Amsterdam Avenue in Fort George. The M101 runs northbound along Third Avenue from Astor Place to East 125th Street, while southbound buses use Lexington Avenue north of East 24th Street. The M101 continues crosstown on 125th Street to Amsterdam Avenue, running north towards West 193rd Street after Amsterdam Avenue becomes Fort George Avenue. To begin the southbound trip, the M101 turns south onto Saint Nicholas Avenue, then left (east) onto West 190th Street, followed by a right (south) back onto Amsterdam Avenue.

The M101 runs as a limited-stop service during the day south of East 116th Street, with no other local service. Local service is provided by the M102 and M103 buses, during that time. Overnight and weekend morning service runs local.[7]

M102
Main article: Lenox Avenue Line (surface)

The M102 begins at Cooper Square and follows the M101 until East 116th Street in East Harlem. The route travels west across 116th Street to Lenox Avenue, where it continues north to the Harlem–148th Street subway station.[8]

M103

The M103 begins its route at City Hall and travels north via Park Row and the Bowery. At Astor Place, it continues north alongside the M101 and M102 along Third to East 125th Street, where it terminates. Southbound service uses Lexington Avenue from East 125th to 24th Streets, then uses Third Avenue, Bowery, and Park Row.[9]

History

Streetcar service

The Third Avenue Railroad opened a line in 1853, from Astor House at Broadway and Park Row to 86th Street, running north along Park Row, Bowery, where it shared trackage with the Second Avenue Line, and Third Avenue. In 1859, an extension to East Harlem opened. Using the One-Hundred and Twenty-Fifth Street Railroad and trackage along Amsterdam Avenue, Third Avenue cars were also operated to Fort George. A trolley park called the Fort George Amusement Park operated at that end of the line from 1895 to 1914.[10]

Bus service

New York Railways' Lexington Avenue Line streetcar was replaced by New York City Omnibus Corporation (NYCO) bus (M21 - 3/4) on March 25, 1936.[11] In 1936, the NYCO and Fifth Avenue were placed under common ownership. In 1941, Surface Transportation Corporation began operating former Third Avenue Railway routes. The Third Avenue Railway's Third Avenue and Amsterdam Avenue Line streetcar was replaced by the M101 bus operated by the Surface Transportation Corporation on May 18, 1947.[12]

On July 17, 1960, Third Avenue north of 24th Street became one-way northbound, and southbound buses were moved to Lexington Avenue, and the two parallel bus lines were combined as a one-way pair, keeping the route number M101.[13]

After a strike in 1962, the entire Fifth Avenue system was transferred to the newly formed Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority on March 22, 1962.[14][15][16]

Route M101A, formerly NYCO Fifth, Madison and Lenox Avenues route 2, was started on March 2, 1969.[17] This route was renumbered the M102 on July 1, 1974.[18]

Limited-stop service

New M98 Limited Stop service running between 32nd Street and Washington Heights was introduced on September 14, 1987, as a rush hour only service.[19][20] A public hearing had been held on March 12, 1987 concerning the proposed introduction of the route. Service initially ran every 15 minutes between 6:30 and 9:30 a.m. southbound, and every 15 minutes northbound from 4 to 7 p.m.. with service every 30 minutes in the reverse-peak. Stops were added to the route in response to community requests at 187th Street, 125th Street, 116th Street and 107th Street. The route was designed to keep the number of stops to a minimum to attract ridership.[21]

Limited-stop service on the M101 began on October 14, 1991, with alternate buses running limited between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.[22]

On September 10, 1995, the M103 was created to improve reliability along Third and Lexington Avenues, curtailing the M101 and M102 south of Astor Place.[23]

In 2009, buses along the corridor were involved in a total of 268 accidents. The amount is attributed to both inexperienced operators and the number of "obstacles" along the route.[24]

On June 27, 2010, due to shortfalls in the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's budget, the M98 was truncated from 32nd Street to 68th Street. At the same time, southbound M98 service into the George Washington Bus Terminal was discontinued. These two changes were estimated to annually save $800,000.[25]

References
  1. Google (May 8, 2017). "M98" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  2. Google (May 8, 2017). "M101" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  3. Google (May 8, 2017). "M102" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  4. Google (May 8, 2017). "M103" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  5. "Facts and Figures". mta.info. August 28, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  6. MTA Regional Bus Operations. "M98 bus schedule" (PDF).
  7. MTA Regional Bus Operations. "M101 bus schedule" (PDF).
  8. MTA Regional Bus Operations. "M102 bus schedule" (PDF).
  9. MTA Regional Bus Operations. "M103 bus schedule" (PDF).
  10. Martens, Victoria (August 1, 2019). "Fort George Amusement Park". Museum of the City of New York. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  11. Maeder, Jay (1999). Big Town, Big Time: A New York Epic : 1898-1998. New York Daily News. p. 75. ISBN 9781582610283.
  12. "Buses On 3d Ave. Sunday; ' Gay Nineties' Group to Make Trip on Last Trolley Car". The New York Times. May 16, 1947. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  13. "One-Way Bus Schedules Given For Lexington and 3d Avenues". The New York Times. July 12, 1960. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  14. "New York City Transit Facts & Figures: 1979" (PDF). La Guardia and Wagner Archives. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York City Transit Authority. 1979. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  15. Kenneth T. Jackson; Lisa Keller; Nancy Flood (December 1, 2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18257-6.
  16. Sibley, John (March 22, 1962). "City Seizes Buses; Full Service Due 6 A.M. Saturday" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  17. "Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Authority: The First Ten Years." Motor Coach Age, May 1972.
  18. "2 Boroughs' Buses Get New Numbers". The New York Times. June 20, 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  19. M98 pamphlets
  20. "Limited-stop bus set for rush hour". New York Daily News. September 3, 1987. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  21. Gunn, David L. (August 18, 1987). "September 1987 Bus Changes" (PDF). laguardiawagnerarchive.lagcc.cuny.edu. New York City Transit Authority. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  22. "M2 & M101 Buses Are Pulling Out The Stops Limited-Stop Service Starts October 14th". New York Daily News. October 11, 1991. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  23. "On September 10, a new bus route, the M103, will be introduced. The M101 and M102 Lexington Ave. routes will end at East 6th Street, instead of City Hall". New York Daily News. September 14, 1995. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  24. Blau, Reuven (October 24, 2010). "M101 tops bus crash courses". New York Post. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  25. "Evaluation of 2010 Service Reductions" (PDF). MTA New York City Transit. September 23, 2011. pp. B48–B49. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
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