Thorpe rail accident

The Thorpe rail accident occurred on 10 September 1874, when two trains were involved in a head-on collision at Thorpe St Andrew in the English county of Norfolk.[1] [2]

Thorpe rail accident
Details
Date10 September 1874
21:45
LocationThorpe St Andrew, Norfolk
CountryEngland
LineNorfolk Railway
CauseSingle-line telegraphic working error
Statistics
Trains2
Deaths25
Injured75
List of UK rail accidents by year

The accident occurred on what was then a single-track rail line between Norwich railway station and Brundall. The two trains involved were the 20:40 mail from Yarmouth and the 17:00 express from London to Yarmouth. The latter had left Norwich Thorpe at 21:30 and would normally have had a clear run on its way to Yarmouth, since the mail train should have been held on a loop line at Brundall to allow the express to pass. On this occasion trains were running late.

In such circumstances, when the timetable was upset, drivers had to have written authority to proceed further. Due to a series of errors (primarily, the telegraph clerk sending the authorization message before it had been signed by the appropriate official), both drivers received their authority, and anxious to make up for lost time, set off at speed along the single track. The accident, when it occurred around 21:45, resulted in both locomotives rearing into the air, and carriages reduced to wreckage.

Both drivers and firemen were killed, as were 17 passengers with 4 later dying from their injuries.[3] 73 passengers and two railway guards were seriously injured.

Graves of mail train driver John Prior and fireman James Light in Rosary Cemetery, Norwich
Sketch map from 1874 Board of Trade report (detail)

Prompted by the accident, engineer Edward Tyer developed the tablet system in which a token is given to the train driver; this must be slotted into an electric interlocking device at the other end of the single-track section before another train is allowed to pass.[3]

Similar accidents

The Canoe River train crash in Canada in 1950 also involved two trains, controlled by telegraphed orders, authorized to enter the same single-track section in opposite directions.

References
  1. Rolt, L. T. C.; Kichenside, Geoffrey (1986). Red for Danger (4th ed.). Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-29189-0.
  2. Tyler, Col. H. W. (30 September 1874). "Report of the Court of Enquiry" (PDF). HMSO. Retrieved 9 November 2008. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Derail: Why Trains Crash by Nicholas Faith, page 44, publ 2000 by Channel 4 books, ISBN 0-7522-7165-2.

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