Trechona venosa

Trechona venosa is a species of a venomous spider edemic to South America.

Trechona venosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Dipluridae
Genus: Trechona
Species:
T. venosa
Binomial name
Trechona venosa
Latreille, 1832

Description and behavior

Trechona venosa is a large South American mygalomorphae, they grow from 3 to 4.5 in length (1.2–1.8 inches). In wingspan, they can grow from 6 to 7 cm, equivalent to 2.4–2.8 inches respectively, while the fangs measure 3–4 mm in length. Its color is black or brownish-gray, with yellow stripes on the abdomen. Trechona venosa is not an aggressive spider, inhabiting plants in the tropical forests of the Atlantic Forest.[1]

They live on the edges of forests in places far from housing and human activity. They have nocturnal /twilight habits, they are solitary animals, meeting members of their species only during the mating season. They weave funnel-shaped webs.[2]

Distribution

These spiders are restricted to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.[3]

Venom

The venom of Trechona venosa has a lethal dose of 0.070 mg for 20 grams rat by subcutaneous injection, and 0.030 mg by intravenous injection, 2 mg by intramuscular injection results in muscle contractions, paralysis and death in rats, while 0.4 mg results in death by tetanism, for pigeons, the lethal dose ranges from 0.01–0.007 mg, by intravenous injection. The average yield is 1.00 mg, and the maximum is 1.70 mg.[4][5] Symptoms in mice include severe pain, tremors, salivation, urine output, paroxysmal tetany, spasmodic breathing movements and coma.[2] Symptoms in humans are not known, as accidents are extremely rare, but symptomatic envenoming is possible.[1]

References
  1. Auerbach, Paul S. (2011-10-31). Wilderness Medicine E-Book: Expert Consult Premium Edition – Enhanced Online Features. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1-4557-3356-9.
  2. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/bitstream/REPOSIP/314604/1/Fontana_MarcosDias_D.pdf
  3. https://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2228
  4. Habermehl, Gerhard G. (2013-03-07). Gift-Tiere und ihre Waffen: Eine Einführung für Biologen, Chemiker und Mediziner Ein Leitfaden für Touristen (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-57925-7.
  5. Bücherl, Wolfgang; Buckley, Eleanor E. (2013-09-24). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Invertebrates. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-6289-5.
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