Tunkinsky National Park

Tunkinsky National Park (Russian: Тункинский) (also called Tunka National Park) is a national park located in south central Siberia, covers a mountainous region centered on the Irkut River valley (also referred to as the Tunka Valley) that continues from the rift valley of Lake Baikal southwest to the border of Mongolia. To the north and west of the valley is the eastern edge of the Sayan Mountains. To the east are the lower Khamar-Daban mountains. About 1,183,662 hectares (2,924,893 acres; 11,837 km2; 4,570 sq mi) in size, the park occupies the entirety of the Tunkinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia. It is about 200 km southwest of the city of Irkutsk.[1]

Tunkinsky National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Irkut River, Tunkinsky District, with Eastern Sayan Mountains in distance
Location of Park
LocationTunkinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia
Nearest cityIrkutsk
Coordinates51°41′N 102°08′E
Area1,183,662 hectares (2,924,893 acres; 11,837 km2; 4,570 sq mi)

Topography

The geography of the Tunkinsky region includes dramatic scenery (the "Tunka Alps") of rift and glacial valleys and mountains, hot springs, mountain meadows, waterfalls, and many associated habitats. The park is found at a meeting point of tiaga, steppe, alpine forest and lake ecosystems. Tunkinsky, and the Tunka Valley it encompasses, lies between the two great lakes of Siberia - Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol.[2][3] Heights of the mountains range from 668 metres (2,192 ft) to 3,172 metres (10,407 ft).[4] The central valley of the Irkut is flat with fertile soil well suited to agriculture. There are a number of small settlements in the valley, mostly inhabited by the indigenous Siberian Buryat people.[5]

  • The park's borders are coterminous with those of Tunkinsky District
  • Extinct volcano Talskaya
  • Kyngyrga River

Climate

The climate is continental (Koeppen Classification Dwc Subarctic climate: Snow climate with dry winter, cool summer and cold winter). 595 mm of precipitation per year (maximum in summer).[6]

Animals

As a bio-diverse and isolated park, Tunkinsky is home to a wide variety of animals: over 305 vertebrates have been identified, of which 62 have been characterized as rare or endangered. The endangered species include the snow leopard (with confirmed presence at the northern edge of its range), and the Asiatic wild dog (dhole, or Cuon alpinus) also at the northern edge of its range.[7] Park researchers have identified 54 species of mammals (including Siberian roe deer, wolverine, elk, and the steppe polecat), 18 species of fish (mostly grayling, carp, dace and roach), 207 nesting species of birds and another 30 transitory, 4 species of amphibians and 5 of reptiles.[1]

Plants

The ecoregion of the mid-elevations of the mountains above the valley are Sayan montane conifer forests (often called taiga forests), of the Temperate Conifer Forest biome.[8] These are transitional zone forests, containing species from both the Siberian Taiga and the Mongolian Steppe, primarily pine, cedar and larch. The lower regions are characterized by forest-steppe vegetation.[9] The higher elevations include tundra and alpine glades. Over 900 vascular plants have been recorded, and there are 43 endemic species of plants listed in the Russian Red Book as endangered.

Tourism

The small spa resort town of Arshan lies at the base of the Sayan Mountains, and is known for its carbonate mineral springs. There is developed infrastructure in the town including hotels, baths, and cafes. The area is well known for backpacking, kayaking, mountaineering and rock climbing.[5]

Bddhidharma Datsan, Near Arshan.

References
  1. "NPTunka". Official Park Site (in English). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation. Archived from the original on 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  2. "TunkaRus". Tunkinsky Park; Russian Zapovedniks and National Parks. Russian Nature. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  3. "RusNature". Geophysical Features of Lake Baikal and Its Catchment. Russian Nature. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  4. OOPT Russia. "ooptinfo". Protected Russia: Tunkinsky Park. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  5. "BiakalComplex". Baikal Tourism, Tunka Valley. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  6. M. Kottek; et al. "Koeppen" (PDF). World Map of the Koeppen-Gieger Climate Classification, Updated. Meteoroligische Zeitschrift, June 2006. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  7. "WildRussia" (PDF). Tunkinsky National Park. Wild Russia News, Fall 2006. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  8. "GlobalSpecies". Sayan Montane Conifer Forests. Global Species. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  9. "RusNatureSayan". The Sayan Mountains. Russian Nature. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
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