Type 037 corvette

The Type 037 corvette is a series 400–500 ton corvette type classes in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy. Unlike western navies, the People's Liberation Army Navy does not have dedicated patrol boats in its inventory. Instead, a large variety of corvette type classes, in the form of missile boats and submarine chasers fulfill the tasks of patrolling China's territorial waters. The Egyptian Navy operates eight vessels.

Type 037II missile boat

Type 037 Hainan-class submarine chaser
Hainan-class submarine chaser
Class overview
Name: Hainan class
Operators:
Preceded by: Haizhui class
Succeeded by: Jiangdao class
Built: 1964–1982
In commission: 1964–present
Completed: 100+
Active: 67 (PLAN)
Lost: 1 (North Korean)
General characteristics
Type: Submarine chaser
Displacement: 430 tonnes (420 long tons; 470 short tons)
Length: 58.77 m (192 ft 10 in)
Beam: 7.2 m (23 ft 7 in)
Draft: 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in)
Propulsion:
Speed: 30.5 knots (56.5 km/h; 35.1 mph)
Range: 2,000 nmi (3,700 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement: 70
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • 1 × Type 351 Radar "Pot Head" surface search radar
  • 1 × Soviet Tamir-II hull mounted or SJD-3 telescoping high frequency active sonar
Armament:
  • 4 × Chinese Type 66 57 mm (2.2 in) guns (2×2)
  • 4 × Chinese Type 61 25 mm (0.98 in) guns (2×2)
  • 4 × RBU-1200 or Type 81 ASW rocket launchers
  • 2 × BMB-2 ASW mortars
  • 2 × depth charge rails with more than 20 depth charges, and mine rails (10 mines total)

The Type 037 submarine chaser (NATO reporting name: Hainan class), is a class of submarine chaser of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It was designed by China to replace the Soviet S.O.-1 class submarine chaser.[1]

In addition to anti-submarine warfare missions, these simple yet effective units are also capable of a wide variety of missions such as mine laying and patrol. These boats were first equipped with Soviet Tamir-11 (MG-11, NATO reporting name: Stag Hoof) hull-mounted sonars which had a typical range of 3 km (1.9 mi), but in the 1970s, they were superseded by domestic Chinese SJD-3 sonar, which is modification of original MG-11: instead of being fixed to the hull, SJD-3 has a telescoping arm, so when not in use, the sonar is stored in the hull, and when deployed, the sonar is lowered into water several meter below the hull, thus increased detection range by avoiding baffles generated by the hull.

During the Sino-South Vietnamese naval clashes on 19 January 1974, two boats of this class, # 281 & # 282 (two out of the eight total in Chinese inventory) participated in the latter half of the battle, the fastest Chinese units in the conflict. Originally the units were waiting at Yongxing Island, but due to the problem of communications, they were not notified until the battle was already in progress.

Over 100 were built, but as newer submarine chasers enter service, this class is steadily being decommissioned. A number of these ships have subsequently been exported to Bangladesh, Egypt, North Korea, Pakistan and Myanmar.[1] On October 13, 2013, a North Korean Type 037 was lost off Wonsan with the loss of at least nineteen of her crew. She may have been in collision with another Korean People's Navy ship.[2][3][4]

It is understood that four Type 037 submarine chasers were modified and became known as the Type 037 Mod (NATO: Haijiu class).

In PLAN service, pennant numbers as follows: 601－610, 622, 625－629, 639, 650, 673, 674, 677, 681－687, 689－692, 694－696, 698－709 and 721－742

Type 037I Haiqing-class submarine chaser
Class overview
Name: Haiqing class
Operators:  People's Liberation Army Navy
Preceded by: Type 037 (Hainan class)
Succeeded by: Type 056 corvette
In commission: 1982–present
Completed: 27
Active: 27
General characteristics
Type: Submarine chaser
Displacement: 478 tonnes (470 long tons)
Length: 62.8 m (206 ft 0 in)
Beam: 7.2 m (23 ft 7 in)
Draft: 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Propulsion: 4 × Chinese PR 230ZC diesel engines at 4,000 hp (2,983 kW) with 4 shafts
Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
Range: 1,300 nmi (2,400 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement: 71
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • 1 × Type 723 surface search radar
  • Chinese copy of French Thomson-Sintra medium frequency SS-12 VDS sonar
Armament:
  • 4 × Type 76A 37 mm gun (2 × 2)
  • 4 × Type 69 14.5 mm heavy machine guns (2 × 2)
  • 1 × Type 87 6-tubed ASW mortar

The Type 037I submarine chaser (NATO reporting name: Haiqing class), is a follow-on class of submarine chasers to the preceding Type 037-class of the People's Liberation Army Navy. There are two designation sof this class, the base Type 037I and the improved Type 037IS. The earlier boats were built by the Qiuxin Shipyard of Shanghai, and later by Huangpu Shipyard.

The ships are armed with two 6-tubed anti-submarine mortar launchers. The earlier boats are fitted with two manually operated twin-barrel 37 mm guns, but they have been replaced by two automatic 37 mm guns on the later variants. They also have various other mounted heavy machine guns for patrol duty. These weapons focus on a general-purpose patrol boat, with only a limited anti-submarine capability.

One Haiqing class submarine chaser was purchased by the Sri Lanka Navy and was commissioned in 1996 as SLNS Parakramabahu (P351), serving in the Sri Lankan Civil War.

Ships in PLAN service by pennant number:

  • Type 037I; 688, 693 , 694 and 697[5]
  • Type 037IS; Approx. 611－614, 619, 631, 632－635, 710－713, 743, 744, 761－763 and 786－789[6]

Type 037IG Houxin-class missile boat
Class overview
Name: Houxin class
Builders: Qiuxing and Huangpu Shipyard
Operators:
Preceded by: Type 021
Succeeded by: Type 037II (Houjian class)
Built: 1991–1999
In commission: 1991–present
Completed: 26 (20 PLAN + 6 Myanmar)
Active: 26 (20 PLAN + 6 Myanmar)
General characteristics
Type: Missile boat
Displacement: 478 tons
Length: 62.8 m (206 ft)
Beam: 7.2 m (24 ft)
Draft: 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Installed power: 2 Chinese PR 230ZC diesel engines at 4,000 hp (3,000 kW)
Propulsion: 4 shafts
Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
Range: 750 nmi (1,390 km; 860 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Complement: 71
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Surface search radar: 1 × I-band Type 352 (Square Tie)
  • Navigational radar: 1 × I-band Type 723
  • Fire control radar: 1 × I-band Type 347 (Rice Lamp)
Armament:

The Type 037IG missile boat (NATO: Houxin class) were first built by Qiuxing and Huangpu Shipyard from 1991 through 1999 for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). In addition to the PLAN, 6 were exported to Myanmar: 2 in 1995, 2 in July 1996, and 2 in late 1997. This boat is the anti-ship version of the Type 037 submarine chasers, armed with missiles rather than torpedoes. It is most effectively used in conjunction with multiple missile boats to send a swarm of missiles towards its intended target and then egress from the area immediately. The swarm of anti-ship missiles will hopefully slip past the target's air defenses for at least one or possibly more hits.

Ships in PLAN service: 651－656、 751－760 and 764－767[7]

Type 037II Houjian-class missile boat
Class overview
Name: Houjian class
Operators:

 People's Liberation Army Navy

 Pakistan Navy
Preceded by: Type 037IG (Houxin class)
Succeeded by: Type 022 missile boat
Subclasses: Azmat class
Built: 1991–2001
In commission: 1991–present
Planned: 10
Building: 1
Completed: 9
Active: 9
General characteristics
Type: Missile boat
Displacement: 520 tonnes
Propulsion: 2 x SEMT-Pielstick 12 PA6 280 diesel engines at 1,584 hp (1,181 kW) with 3 shafts
Speed: 30+ knots
Range: 1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Crew: 75

The Type 037II missile boat (NATO: Houjian class) is a missile equipped corvette built by Huangpu Shipyard of Guangzhou for the People's Liberation Army Navy. A total of six vessels were delivered to the PLA Navy and form the main naval defence force currently stationed in Hong Kong.

The original one-off design was by an American company, the H-3 group, the design was for a 245-ton boat, equipped with Harpoon SSMs, OTO Melara 76 mm guns, gas turbine engines and waterjet propulsion. However, this specifications was too complicated for China, and a major redesign was begun, resulting in a boat with C-801 SSMs, diesel engines and propellers instead. The OTO Melara 76mm gun was retained in the revised design, called in 1988 the EH-3D (and in 1996 the 520T), but failed to survive the cooling of relations with the West following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the resulting end of Western participation in Chinese military projects.

The first vessel was built in 1990, as a technology demonstrator and proof-of-concept trials vessel, it fired its first C-801 missile in a 1995 exercise. Three more vessels were built in 1995/96. However, due to technological difficulties (particularly with regards the license produced SEMT diesel engines), high price, and over sophisticated design compared to the PLAN standard, further production was terminated. A fifth vessel, hull number 774, was built in 2001, as another proof of concept vessel for modified SEMT engines with new turbochargers and license produced Russian AK-176 76 mm gun.

Four vessels were built for rotation, with 2 vessels being deployed to Hong Kong at a time. The fifth vessel has been involved in two navigation incidents. The first time in 2001 whilst on a pre-delivery test it was nearly sunk after a crash with a fast ferry servicing the Hong Kong-Guangzhou route. In June 2006, it crashed again, this time with a Chinese freighter, and sank immediately, 13 servicemen going missing in the accident. The vessel was later refloated and sent to the shipyard for repair.

The Azmat-class vessels in service with the Pakistani Navy are based on this class.[8] In 2012 Bangladesh contracted for two slightly modified ships.[9]

Ships in PLAN service:

  • 770 Yangjiang
  • 771 Shunde'
  • 772 Nanhai
  • 773 Panyu
  • 774 Lianjiang
  • 775 Xinhui

Ships in Pakistan Navy service:

  • 1013 Azmat
  • 1014 Dehshat
  • 1027 Himmat

See also

References
  1. "Combat Fleets of the World 1984–1985 Edition by Jean Labayle-Couhat, published by Naval Institute Press, ISBN 0870211366, ISBN 978-0870211362".
  2. "North Korea reveals warship sinking". BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  3. "North Korea sailors killed when ship sinks during "combat duties"". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  4. "North Korea mourns sailors lost in combat". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  5. 037I-type anti-submarine Archived 2014-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, haijun360.com
  6. 037IS-type anti-submarine Archived 2016-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, haijun360.com
  7. 037IG type (red star) missile Archived 2015-02-11 at the Wayback Machine, haijun360.com
  8. "Pakistan commissions third Azmat-class patrol vessel | Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
  9. "China to Build Two Missile Corvettes for Bangladesh." Archived 2018-10-27 at the Wayback Machine Defense Update, 7 October 2012.


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