Tyrawa Wołoska

Tyrawa Wołoska [tɨˈrava vɔˈwɔska] (Ukrainian: Тирява Волоська, Tyriava Volos’ka; Latin: Tyravia minori, Thyrawa Walaska) is a village in East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains of Poland.

Tyrawa Woloska
Church of Saint Nicholas
Coat of arms
Tyrawa Woloska
Coordinates: 49°35′N 22°22′E
Country	Poland
Region	Subcarpathian Voivodship
Founded	1402
Area
• Total	68.8 km^2 (26.6 sq mi)
Elevation	340 m (1,120 ft)
Population
• Total	1,950

An 1898 map shows the location of Tyrawa Wołoska (click in it to enlarge)

The community is about 40 miles (64 km) from Rzeszów, in south-eastern Poland. It is situated below the main watershed, at the foot of the Słonne Mountain, and has an elevation of 340 meters (1,120 ft). It lies in a wooded, hilly area on the Nr. DK28 highway that goes from Przemyśl to Sanok. It belongs to the Subcarpathian Voivodship (since 1999), previously the Krosno Voivodship (1975-1998) and is part of the Sanok County (10 miles (16 km) east of Sanok); its parish: Tyrawa Woloska.

Origins

Settled in prehistoric times, the south-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the Celts, Goths and Vandals (the Przeworsk and Puchov cultures). After the fall of the Roman Empire, of which most of south-eastern Poland was part of (all territories below the San), the area was invaded by Hungarians and Slavs.

The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravia around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to Hungary. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Rus and Hungary.

This area was mentioned for the first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took it over on his way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, in 1031 back to Rus, and in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it.

The village "Tyravia" was first mentioned in 1402. The etymology is doubtful. It was founded on the principles of the "Wallachian Rights" whereas its ownership was passed over to the knights and family of Vogt Peter (Petrus) the Czech.

Varied rulers

From 1340-1772 Tyrawa was part of Poland (Ruthenian Voivodship), while during 1772-1867 it belonged to the Austrian empire, and from 1867-1918 to Austria-Hungary. During the 120 years that this part of Poland was controlled by Austria, the area (including west and east of Subcarpathian Voivodship) was known as Galicia. In 1918 it returned to Poland.

The region was under the Magdeburg rights since 1707. The town was situated beside an often attended trade route to Hungary which guaranteed good opportunities for development, but as time passed the town started to decline, and by 1876 it had lost municipal rights.

After World War II

In the immediate years after World War II (1945, 1946) some inhabitants left for the Ukraine. On 29 April 1946 the village was attacked by a unit of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and some buildings were burnt. As a result, some people left Tyrawa (under the "Operation Vistula") and moved to the Pomerania area of Poland. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild.

The rural families in this community are poor, as agriculture is rarely profitable and low income makes it difficult to reinvest and make improvements.

Tyrawa Wołoska. Photo taken in 2007

Population

• 1880 - 318 Greek Catholics, 50 Roman Catholics, 33 Jews
• 1936 - 800 Roman Catholics, 600 Greek Catholics, 380 Jews
• 2001 - 1950

Personalia

• Jacob Avigdor

References

• Fastnacht, Adam. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, ISBN 83-88385-14-3.