Vaduz

Vaduz (/fɑːˈduːts/; German pronunciation: [faˈdʊt͡s] or [vaˈduːt͡s])[2] is the capital of Liechtenstein and also the seat of the national parliament. The town, which is located along the Rhine River, has 5,696 residents.[1]

Vaduz
Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms
Vaduz and its exclaves in Liechtenstein
Coordinates: 47.141°N 9.521°E / 47.141; 9.521
CountryLiechtenstein
Electoral districtOberland
VillagesEbenholz, Mühleholz
Government
 • MayorManfred Bischof (FBP)
Area
 • Total17.3 km2 (6.7 sq mi)
Elevation
455 m (1,493 ft)
Population
 (31-12-2019)[1]
 • Total5,696
 • Density288/km2 (750/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
9490
Area code(s)7001
ISO 3166 codeLI-11
Websitewww.vaduz.li
View of Vaduz from space

Although Vaduz is the best-known town in the principality internationally, it is not the largest; neighbouring Schaan has a larger population.

History
See also: County of Vaduz

Vaduz is mentioned in historic 12th-century manuscripts as Faduzes. In 1322 a mention of the castle is made, which was sacked by the Swiss in 1499 during the Swabian War. The entire town was also destroyed.

In the 17th century the Liechtenstein family was seeking a seat in the Imperial diet, the Reichstag. However, since they did not hold any territory that was directly under the Imperial throne, they were unable to meet the primary requirement to qualify.

The family yearned for the added power a seat in the Imperial government would bring, and therefore sought to acquire lands that would be reichsunmittelbar, or held without any feudal personage other than the Holy Roman Emperor himself having rights on the land. After some time, the family was able to arrange the purchase of the minuscule Herrschaft ("Lordship") of Schellenberg and countship of Vaduz (in 1699 and 1712 respectively) from the Hohenems. Tiny Schellenberg and Vaduz possessed exactly the political status required: no feudal lord other than the Emperor.

Thereby, on January 23, 1719, after purchase had been duly made, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, decreed Vaduz and Schellenberg were united, and raised to the dignity of Fürstentum (principality) with the name "Liechtenstein" in honour of "[his] true servant, Anton Florian of Liechtenstein". It is on this date that Liechtenstein became a sovereign member state of the Holy Roman Empire. As a testament to the pure political expediency of the purchases, the Princes of Liechtenstein did not set foot in their new principality for over 120 years.

Geography

Climate

Vaduz features an oceanic climate with mild summers and cool winters. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb).[3] The city experiences a noticeable increase in precipitation during the summer, but in general all twelve months see some precipitation. Vaduz receives, on average, approximately 900 mm (35.43 in) of precipitation per year. Vaduz's warmest month, July, sees average high temperatures reach 25 °C (77 °F) while average low temperatures are about 14 °C (57 °F). The city's coldest month, January, sees average highs of 3 °C (37 °F) and average lows of −3 °C (27 °F).

Climate data for Vaduz (1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 5.9
(42.6)		 11.1
(52.0)		 15.1
(59.2)		 19.8
(67.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 24.5
(76.1)		 23.7
(74.7)		 19.7
(67.5)		 15.5
(59.9)		 8.9
(48.0)		 5.1
(41.2)		 14.7
(58.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3)		 2.0
(35.6)		 6.2
(43.2)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.4
(57.9)		 17.0
(62.6)		 19.0
(66.2)		 18.4
(65.1)		 14.8
(58.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 5.1
(41.2)		 1.8
(35.2)		 10.0
(50.0)
Average low °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 1.9
(35.4)		 4.8
(40.6)		 9.3
(48.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 14.0
(57.2)		 13.9
(57.0)		 10.5
(50.9)		 6.7
(44.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41
(1.6)		 38
(1.5)		 57
(2.2)		 55
(2.2)		 86
(3.4)		 115
(4.5)		 138
(5.4)		 142
(5.6)		 102
(4.0)		 63
(2.5)		 59
(2.3)		 52
(2.0)		 947
(37.3)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 14.2
(5.6)		 14.4
(5.7)		 6.4
(2.5)		 0.4
(0.2)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 4.7
(1.9)		 11.9
(4.7)		 52
(20)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.3 6.9 9.4 9.6 11.9 12.8 13.2 13.2 9.8 8.3 9.0 8.4 119.8
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 3.9 3.9 2.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 3.3 14.8
Average relative humidity (%) 75 72 67 65 67 71 72 75 77 76 78 77 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 70 91 124 144 166 170 194 177 145 116 68 52 1,516
Source: MeteoSwiss [4]

Landmarks

The most prominent landmark of Vaduz is Vaduz Castle, the home of the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The castle is visible from almost any location in Vaduz, being perched atop a steep hill in the middle of the city. The Cathedral of St. Florin, Government House and City Hall are also well-known landmarks, displaying the various styles and periods of architecture that the city is known for.

Demographics

As of 2019, 5,696 people lived in Vaduz.[1] Foreigners resident in the city make up 42% of the population.[5] With 67% the population is predominantly Roman Catholic, while the percentage of Catholics is significantly higher among residents with Liechtenstein nationality (81%) than among foreigner residents (47%). The largest minority religions in the city are Protestantism (10%) and Islam (8%).[6]

Religion in Vaduz - 2015[6]
religion percent
Roman Catholicism
 
 67%
Protestantism
 
 10%
Other Christians
 
 3%
Islam
 
 8%
Others/undeclared
 
 4%
Non-religious
 
 9%
Note: Percentage is more than 100 due to rounding.

Culture
The Rheinpark Stadion is the home of FC Vaduz and the Liechtenstein national football team.

The arts

The National Art Gallery as well as the National Museum are located in Vaduz. The art gallery (Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein) is a museum of modern and contemporary art, also showing displays from the private princely Liechtenstein Collection, the main public display of which is in Vienna. The building is an architectural landmark built by the Swiss architects Morger, Degelo and Kerez. It was completed in November 2000 and forms a “black box” of tinted concrete and black basalt stone. The museum collection is also the national art collection of Liechtenstein. The Liechtenstein National Museum is showing a permanent exhibition on the cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein as well as special exhibitions. There are also the Postage Stamp Museum and a Ski Museum.

Notable people
Prince Franz Josef II
Marlies Amann-Marxer, 2013
Aurelia Frick, 2017

Footballers
Ronny Büchel, 2009
Sandro Wieser, 2015
  • Rainer Hasler (1958–2014) footballer who played as a defender, selected by the Liechtenstein Football Association as the country's Golden Player
  • Ronny Büchel (born 1982) a former international footballer, played 72 games for the national side
  • Philippe Erne (born 1986) an international footballer, 34 games for the national side
  • Marco Ritzberger (born 1986) a retired footballer, played for FC Vaduz and played 35 games for the national side
  • Mathias Christen (born 1987), international footballer, played 36 games for the national side
  • Andreas Christen (born 1989) is an international footballer, played 27 games for the national side
  • Lucas Eberle (born 1990) a Liechtensteiner footballer, played 12 games for the national side
  • Nicolas Hasler (born 1991) a Liechtensteiner professional footballer, played 55 games for the national side
  • Sandro Wieser (born 1993) professional footballer, played 47 games for the national side
  • Dennis Salanović (born 1996) a Liechtensteiner international footballer, played 29 games for the national side
  • Maximilian Göppel (born 1997) a Liechtensteiner footballer who plays for FC Vaduz and the Liechtenstein national team.

Other athletes
Tina Weirather, 2017

Sports

Vaduz has a local professional association football club, FC Vaduz, which — like the other clubs in Liechtenstein — plays in the Swiss league system. In the 2008–09 season, FC Vaduz became the first Liechtenstein club to play in the Swiss Super League, Switzerland's top flight. The club plays at the 8,000-capacity Rheinpark Stadion, which also hosts the Liechtenstein national football team.

Economy and transport

Vaduz has a lively tourist industry, despite being one of the very few capital cities in the world without an airport or railway station – the nearest major airport is Zurich Airport, at a distance of 120 km (75 mi), and the closest railway station is Schaan–Vaduz, located around 2 kilometres (1 mile) from the city centre in the town of Schaan. However, very few trains stop here except for a local service between Buchs in Switzerland and Feldkirch in Austria. There are extremely frequent bus connections between nearby mainline railway stations including Buchs, Sargans, and Feldkirch, operated by Liechtenstein Bus.

Education

The school assignment of each child is largely determined by his/her street address.[10]

There are four Kindergarten sites, of the Kindergarten Bartlegrosch, in Vaduz.[11]

Vaduz has two primary schools, Äule Primary School, near the Vaduzer-Saal;[12] and Ebenholz Primary School,[10] near the University of Liechtenstein, which is also located in the city. Both schools have the same secretariat and administration.[12]

Realschule Vaduz and Oberschule Vaduz are in the Schulzentrum Mühleholz II in Vaduz. Liecht. Gymnasium is also in Vaduz. Realschule Schaan and Sportschule Liechtenstein are in nearby Schaan.[13]

See also

Notes and references
  1. "Bevölkerungsstatistik: Vorläufige Ergebnisse 31. Dezember 2019" (PDF). Llv.li. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  2. Duden Aussprachewörterbuch (in German) (6 ed.). Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG. 2006.
  3. Weatherbase climate summary accessed 12 August 2013.
  4. "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 457 meters above sea level.
  5. "Bevölkerungsstatistik: Vorläufige Ergebnisse 31. Dezember 2018" (PDF). Llv.li. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  6. "Tabellen Volkszählung 2015 - Bevölkerungsstruktur Band 1" (XLS). Llv.li. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  7. Catholic Encyclopedia (1913), Volume 13, Joseph Gabriel Rheinberger retrieved 17 November 2018
  8. IMDb Database retrieved 17 November 2018
  9. IMDb Database retrieved 17 November 2018
  10. "Ebenholz Primary School." Commune of Vaduz. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. "Fürst-Franz-Josef-Strasse 38 9490 Vaduz"
  11. "Kindergarten." Commune of Vaduz. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. "Kindergarten Bartlegrosch Bartlegroschstrasse 31 9490 Vaduz " and "Schwefelstrasse 15 9490 Vaduz" and "Schimmelgasse 13 9490 Vaduz" and "Weiherweg 15 9490 Vaduz"
  12. "Äule Primary School." Commune of Vaduz. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. "Giessenstr. 11 9490 Vaduz"
  13. "Weiterführende Schulen Schaan." Commune of Schaan. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. "Realschule Schaan Duxgass 55 9494 Schaan" and "Sportschule Liechtenstein Duxgass 55 9494 Schaan" and "Realschule Vaduz Schulzentrum Mühleholz II 9490 Vaduz" and "Oberschule Vaduz Schulzentrum Mühleholz II 9490 Vaduz"

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