Waltham Cross

Waltham Cross is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, England, located 12 miles (20 km) north by north-east of central London. It is in the metropolitan area of London and the Greater London Urban Area.

Waltham Cross
The Eleanor Cross
Waltham Cross Location within Hertfordshire
Population	7,407 {2011 Census.Ward}[1]
OS grid reference	TL360003
• London	12 mi (19 km) SSW
District	Broxbourne
Shire county	Hertfordshire
Region	East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	WALTHAM CROSS
Postcode district	EN7, EN8
Dialling code	020, 01992
Police	Hertfordshire
Fire	Hertfordshire
Ambulance	East of England
UK Parliament	Broxbourne

Three of the twelve tall ornate stone monuments named Eleanor crosses (carved and put up within about three years of the death of Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I) are intact, one here, one at Geddington and one at Hardingstone. The town takes its name from its Eleanor cross, situated in the town centre.

The town has a modest commercial centre, and is immediately north of the M25 motorway. Waltham Cross takes up a south-eastern corner of its county. The Waltham Cross post town stretches to the neighbouring town of Cheshunt and a small part of Enfield.

Geography

The town falls within Hertfordshire's Borough of Broxbourne, the metropolitan area of London, and the Greater London Urban Area, with Waltham Abbey to the east, Cheshunt to the north, and Enfield to the south. The M25 motorway runs immediately south of the town, bordering the area of Freezywater. The Waltham Cross post town includes the neighbouring town of Cheshunt, some northern sections of Enfield, including the Holmesdale Estate. Waltham Cross occupies a south-eastern far corner of Hertfordshire so bordering Essex, and its former parent Urban District was dissolved into its present local government unit, the Borough of Broxbourne in 1974.

History

Waltham Cross was, for centuries from the building of its cross in the 1290s, a smaller locality in the ancient parish of Cheshunt in the Hertford hundred of Hertfordshire.[2] The southern part of Cheshunt became increasingly to be considered Waltham Cross, which was formed into a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1855, with its church of Holy Trinity (since renamed Christ Church) built in 1832 and designed by the architect Edward Blore. The road, here long called the High Street, had 'Spital Houses' (Hospitalry Houses) near the county boundary, originally built in 1625 but rebuilt in 1908. In the early 20th century, all along the 2¼ miles of the road which Cheshunt and Waltham Cross covered, there were numerous inns and taverns, one or two of which, such as the Four Swans Inn, plied for trade until at least that date from the 17th century, but most of them dated from the 18th century and later.[3]

Waltham Cross formed part of Cheshunt Urban District from 1894 to 1974. In April 1974 the town, together with Cheshunt and the Hoddesdon urban district councils, merged to form the Borough of Broxbourne.[4] The town takes its name from the Eleanor Cross which stands in its centre.[5]

Landmarks

The Eleanor Cross

At the centre of the town is one of the three surviving medieval Eleanor crosses, memorials completed before the end of 1294 commemorating the over-night resting places of the coffin of Eleanor of Castile, wife of King Edward I, on its processional journey from Lincoln to Westminster Abbey in 1290. It was the only one designed by a foreigner, in name at least, Nicholas Dymenge de Reyns or de Legeri.[3] Records, some patched together and non-contemporary, state her body, deceased on 28 November rested at St Albans on the night of 12 December and was carried to "Waltham" on the following day, where it rested for the night at Waltham Abbey and arrived in London on 14 December.[3] A recreation of a fourth such cross, the most southerly, destroyed in the English Civil War is at Charing Cross station less than a mile from the abbey in London.[6]

In the early 18th century the monument was surveyed by the Society of Antiquaries of London who, advocating its conservation, printed and illustrated the results in the pages of Vetusta Monumenta[7] in 1721. However, restoration did not take place until 1832, when extensive rebuilding was carried out under William Barnard Clarke. A further major restoration was carried out in 1885–92, and yet another in 1950–53.[8]

The cross is hexagonal in plan, in three stages. The main stage has three statues of the Queen, each standing in a niche under a canopy, while the other three faces have a niche bisected by a buttress. The original sculptures were by Alexander of Abingdon. These have been replaced in the course of restoration, but one of the originals can be seen on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum.[9][10]

Four Swannes sign

The Four Swans sign in 2009

The High Street is spanned by a gantry sign supporting four sculpted swans. It was originally the sign of the now-demolished Four Swans (or "Swannes") public house. The present sign is a replica erected in 2007. The original signs are now kept at Lowewood Museum, Hoddesdon.[11]

Transport

The area is served by two railway stations, on different lines in London fare zone 7. Waltham Cross station has services to London Liverpool Street and Stratford via Tottenham Hale with links to the Victoria line. To the north services run to Hertford East or Bishops Stortford.

Theobalds Grove station to the north of the town centre also provides services to London Liverpool street via Seven Sisters which also provides links to the Victoria line. The station and its services are run by London Overground.

There is a bus station in the town centre where many London Buses routes terminate and link with services further out of London.

Notable residents

Victorian novelist Anthony Trollope lived at Waltham House, Waltham Cross for 12 years between 1859 and 1871, where he wrote twenty-six novels and entertained his illustrious London friends. His home was demolished in 1936 and on the general site now stands a 1930s parade of shops and the Moon and Cross, a J D Wetherspoon public house, decorated with a literary theme.[12]

Economy

Retail and tourism

The town centre has a pedestrianised High Street fronted by a mixture of chain stores, independent shops and banks; a covered shopping mall and Fishpools Department Store which specialises in upholstered and fancy furniture and has been in the town since 1899.[13] A general market takes up parts of the street on Wednesdays and Fridays, morphed into occasional entirely French and entirely farmers' markets, season-dependent.

Other businesses

Park Plaza west of the town adjacent to Junction 25 of the M25 hosts one of the world's largest printworks. This produces publications for News International including The Sun, The Times and formerly the News of the World. Employing 200 people on a 23-acre (9.3 ha) site to produce 86,000 newspapers per hour on each of its twelve printing presses (a total capacity of over 1,000,000 newspapers per hour),[14] the plant cost £187 million (part of £650m spending including plants in Knowsley, near Liverpool, and Motherwell, near Glasgow) and replaced the News International press in Wapping.[15]

Sport

The Showground site adjoining Waltham Town Lock on the River Lee was chosen as the site for the Lee Valley White Water Centre for the 2012 Olympics.[16] It was the only new Olympic venue to be open ahead of the Games, and offers the public the chance to follow in the footsteps of the Olympic competitors by taking to the rapids themselves. A Gaelic Football club is a rare venue for the sport in the county, St Joseph's (Waltham Cross), and reflects a long history of the Anglo-Irish across many socio-economic sectors in the local area, including as to engineering and construction, the surrounding area having many reservoirs, railways and once vast building yards.

References

1. "Broxbourne Ward population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
2. 'The hundred of Hertford: Introduction and map', in A History of the County of Hertford: Vol. 3, ed. William Page (London, 1912), pp. 407-408. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol3/pp407-408 [accessed 4 July 2018].
3. 'Parishes: Cheshunt', in A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 3, ed. William Page (London, 1912), pp. 441-458. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol3/pp441-458 [accessed 4 July 2018].
4. Local history Retrieved 2 September 2010
5. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=21129
6. "The Eleanor crosses". Museum of London. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
7. "Hertfordshire Genealogy: Places: Waltham Cross". Retrieved 25 November 2010.
8. HeritageGateway.org.uk
9. http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1265_frost/?m=200611
10. Lysons, Daniel, The Environs of London: Counties of Herts, Essex & Kent, 1796, p.50
11. "Visitor Attractions and Heritage". Borough of Broxbourne.
12. Lowewood museum Retrieved 2 September 2010
13. "Fishpools". Retrieved 28 March 2018.
14. "News International unveils 'biggest printing plant in the world', Press Gazette, 14 March 2008". Archived from the original on 12 February 2012.
15. "World's biggest print plant opens". BBC News. 17 March 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
16. Olympic site moved to Waltham lock Retrieved 14 May 2008

External links

Media related to Waltham Cross at Wikimedia Commons