Wood-Ridge, New Jersey

Wood-Ridge is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,626,[9][10][11] reflecting a decline of 18 (-0.2%) from the 7,644 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 138 (+1.8%) from the 7,506 counted in the 1990 Census.[20]

Not to be confused with Woodbridge Township, New Jersey or Ridgewood, New Jersey.
Wood-Ridge, New Jersey
Borough
Borough of Wood-Ridge
Map highlighting Wood-Ridge's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Wood-Ridge, New Jersey
Wood-Ridge
Location in Bergen County
Wood-Ridge
Location in New Jersey
Wood-Ridge
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.850183°N 74.087068°W / 40.850183; -74.087068[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Bergen
IncorporatedDecember 6, 1894
Government
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorPaul Sarlo (D, term ends December 31, 2023)[4][5]
 • AdministratorChristopher W. Eilert[6]
 • Municipal clerkGina Affuso[7]
Area
 • Total1.12 sq mi (2.89 km2)
 • Land1.11 sq mi (2.88 km2)
 • Water<0.01 sq mi (<0.01 km2)  0.09%
Area rank492nd of 565 in state
62nd of 70 in county[1]
Elevation167 ft (51 m)
Population
 • Total7,626
 • Estimate 
(2019)[12]
9,294
 • Rank301st of 566 in state
50th of 70 in county[13]
 • Density6,951.6/sq mi (2,684.0/km2)
 • Density rank63rd of 566 in state
19th of 70 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07075[14][15]
Area code(s)201[16]
FIPS code3400382570[1][17][18]
GNIS feature ID0885451[1][19]
Websitewww.njwoodridge.org

Wood-Ridge was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on December 6, 1894, from portions of Bergen Township, based on the results of a referendum held the previous day.[21] The borough was formed during the "Boroughitis" phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone.[22]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.12 square miles (2.89 km2), including 1.11 square miles (2.88 km2) of land and <0.01 square miles (<0.01 km2) of water (0.09%).[1][2]

The borough is bordered by the Bergen County municipalities of Hasbrouck Heights and Lodi to the north, Wallington to the west, Carlstadt to the south, and Moonachie to the east, along with South Hackensack.[23][24][25]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1880348—
189057565.2%
19005821.2%
19101,04379.2%
19201,92384.4%
19305,159168.3%
19405,73911.2%
19506,2839.5%
19607,96426.8%
19708,3114.4%
19807,929−4.6%
19907,506−5.3%
20007,6441.8%
20107,626−0.2%
2019 (est.)9,294[12][26][27]21.9%
Population sources: 1880-1890[28]
1880-1920[29] 1890-1910[30]
1910-1930[31] 1900-2010[32][33][34]
2000[35][36] 2010[9][10][11]

2010 Census

The 2010 United States Census counted 7,626 people, 2,939 households, and 2,072 families in the borough. The population density was 6,951.6 per square mile (2,684.0/km2). There were 3,051 housing units at an average density of 2,781.2 per square mile (1,073.8/km2). The racial makeup was 87.23% (6,652) White, 1.43% (109) Black or African American, 0.21% (16) Native American, 7.13% (544) Asian, 0.01% (1) Pacific Islander, 2.32% (177) from other races, and 1.67% (127) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.11% (1,000) of the population.[9]

Of the 2,939 households, 30.1% had children under the age of 18; 57.6% were married couples living together; 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 29.5% were non-families. Of all households, 25.4% were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.16.[9]

21.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.3 males.[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $90,411 (with a margin of error of +/- $3,617) and the median family income was $95,972 (+/- $7,148). Males had a median income of $64,658 (+/- $7,287) versus $46,402 (+/- $6,549) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $35,360 (+/- $2,759). About 3.9% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.[37]

Same-sex couples headed 20 households in 2010, an increase from the 10 counted in 2000.[38]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census,[17] there were 7,644 people, 3,024 households, and 2,137 families residing in the borough. The population density was 6,958.5 people per square mile (2,683.1/km2). There were 3,087 housing units at an average density of 2,810.2 per square mile (1,083.5/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 91.01% White, 0.84% African American, 0.08% Native American, 5.02% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.77% from other races, and 1.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.27% of the population.[35][36]

There were 3,024 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07.[35][36]

In the borough the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.[35][36]

The median income for a household in the borough was $60,949, and the median income for a family was $72,500. Males had a median income of $48,309 versus $40,025 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,865. About 0.8% of families and 1.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.6% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.[35][36]

Government

Local government
Municipal Building in February 2009

Wood-Ridge is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[39] The governing body is comprised of a Mayor and a Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[3] The Borough form of government used by Wood-Ridge is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[40][41]

As of 2020, the Mayor of Wood-Ridge is Democrat Paul Sarlo, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023; Sarlo also represents the district in the New Jersey Senate.[4] Members of the Borough Council are Council President Philip D. Romero (D, 2020), Ezio I. Altamura (D, 2021), Dominick Azzolini (D, 2020), Catherine Cassidy (D, 2022), Joseph DiMarco (D, 2022) and Edward Marino (D, 2021).[42][43][44][45][46][47]

In September 2012, the Borough Council selected Phil Romero from a list of three candidates offered by the Democratic Municipal Committee to fill the vacant seat of Cosimo "Tom" Gonnella, who had resigned from office to accept a position with Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission after serving 16 years in office, which made him the longest-serving councilmember in borough history.[48]

Federal, state and county representation

Wood-Ridge is located in the 9th Congressional District[49] and is part of New Jersey's 36th state legislative district.[10][50][51]

For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson).[52][53] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[54] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[55][56]

For the 2020–2021 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 36th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Paul Sarlo (D, Wood-Ridge) and in the General Assembly by Clinton Calabrese (D, Cliffside Park) and Gary Schaer (D, Passaic).[57][58]

Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders. The freeholders are elected at-large in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each year; a Chairman, Vice Chairman and Chairman Pro Tempore are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held each January.[59][60] As of 2018, the County Executive is Democratic James J. Tedesco III of Paramus, whose term of office ends December 31, 2018.[61] Bergen County's Freeholders are Freeholder Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Jr., (D, Montvale, term as freeholder ends 2019; term as freeholder chairman ends 2018),[62] Freeholder Vice-Chairwoman Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, term as freeholder ends 2019; term as freeholder vice-chairwoman ends 2018),[63] Freeholder Chairman Pro-Tempore Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, term as freeholder ends 2019; term as freeholder chairman pro-tempore ends 2018),[64] David L. Ganz (D, Fair Lawn, 2020),[65] Steve Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2018),[66] Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2020)[67] and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2018),[68][69][70][59] Bergen County's constitutional officials are County Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2021),[71][72] Sheriff Michael Saudino (D, Emerson, 2019)[73][74] and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2021).[75][76][59][77]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 4,764 registered voters in Wood-Ridge, of which 1,405 (29.5% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 844 (17.7% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 2,513 (52.7% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered to other parties.[78] Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 62.5% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 79.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).[78][79]

In the 2016 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 2,308 votes (50.3% vs. 41.1% countywide), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 2,120 votes (46.2% vs. 54.2%) and other candidates with 157 votes (3.4% vs. 4.6%), among the 4,632 ballots cast by the borough's 5,952 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.8% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County).[80] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,028 votes (52.5% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,777 votes (46.0% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 33 votes (0.9% vs. 0.9%), among the 3,866 ballots cast by the borough's 5,085 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.0% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County).[81][82] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,073 votes (51.2% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,910 votes (47.2% vs. 53.9%) and other candidates with 32 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 4,046 ballots cast by the borough's 5,038 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.3% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County).[83][84] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,073 votes (52.7% vs. 47.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,814 votes (46.1% vs. 51.7%) and other candidates with 28 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 3,932 ballots cast by the borough's 4,926 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.8% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county).[85]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 57.3% of the vote (1,533 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 41.7% (1,115 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (29 votes), among the 2,777 ballots cast by the borough's 5,098 registered voters (100 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 54.5%.[86][87] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,146 votes (51.6% vs. 45.8% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 955 votes (43.0% vs. 48.0%), Independent Chris Daggett with 93 votes (4.2% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 3 votes (0.1% vs. 0.5%), among the 2,221 ballots cast by the borough's 4,263 registered voters, yielding a 52.1% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).[88]

Education
Wood-Ridge High School in February, 2019.

Students in public school for pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade attend the schools of the Wood-Ridge School District.[89] As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 1,282 students and 98.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.1:1.[90] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[91]) are Catherine E. Doyle Elementary School[92] with 396 students in Pre-K through 3rd grade, Wood-Ridge Intermediate School[93] with 249 students in grades 4–6 and Wood-Ridge High School[94] with 583 students in grades 7–12.[95]

With the opening of Wood-Ridge Intermediate School in September 2013 for grades 4–6, Doyle Elementary School was realigned to serve students through third grade, while the students in grades 7 and 8 who had attended Gretta R. Ostrovsky Middle School began attending Wood-Ridge Junior / Senior High School.[96]

For ninth through twelfth grades, students from Moonachie attend Wood-Ridge High School, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Moonachie School District.[97][98][99] Public school students from the borough, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.[100][101]

Our Lady of Assumption School, a Catholic school that served students in Kindergarten through 8th grade, was closed as of June 2010 by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark in the face of enrollment that had declined to 134 students in the school's final year.[102]

Emergency services

Police

The Wood-Ridge Police Department (WRPD) provides emergency and protective services to the borough of Wood-Ridge, augmented in times of emergency by the Police Auxiliary. The WRPD consists of 24 officers, led by Chief John Korin.[103]

Fire

The Wood-Ridge Fire Department (WRFD) is an all-volunteer fire department. The WRFD was organized in 1897 and consists of one Chief and two assistant chiefs. The department is staffed by 40 fully trained firefighters. The WRFD also provides emergency medical service to the borough. The WRFD utilizes three fire engines, a ladder truck, a heavy rescue vehicle and two ambulances.[104]

Transportation
Route 17 southbound in Wood-Ridge

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 19.20 miles (30.90 km) of roadways, of which 16.25 miles (26.15 km) were maintained by the municipality, 2.30 miles (3.70 km) by Bergen County and 0.65 miles (1.05 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[105]

Route 17 passes through Wood-Ridge.[106]

Public transportation
The New Jersey Transit Wood-Ridge station, facing southbound from the lone platform

Wood-Ridge is served by NJ Transit at the Wood-Ridge train station, located at Park Place East near the intersection with Route 17.[107] The Pascack Valley Line offers service throughout the day in both directions, with service available seven days a week, operating north–south to Hoboken Terminal with connections via the Secaucus Junction transfer station to New Jersey Transit one-stop service to New York Penn Station and to other NJ Transit rail service. Connections are available at the Hoboken Terminal to other New Jersey Transit rail lines, the PATH train at the Hoboken PATH station, New York Waterways ferry service to the World Financial Center and other destinations and Hudson-Bergen Light Rail service.[108]

The Wesmont station provides train service on the Bergen County Line.[109] The station was approved in 2008 to be constructed in Wood-Ridge.[110] The station serves a new residential development[111][112] and was opened to the public in May 2016, after years of delays.[113]

Wood-Ridge is also served by several NJ Transit bus routes. The 76 bus runs from Hackensack along Terrace Avenue through Wood-Ridge to Newark Penn Station. The 144, 145, 148, 163 and 164 buses run from various New Jersey terminals such as Midland Park and Hackensack along Valley Boulevard through Wood-Ridge to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan.[114][115]

Notable people
The Wood-Ridge Public Library is in the Brinkerhoff House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Wood-Ridge include:

  • Wood-Ridge High School, February 2009

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  83. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 23, 2013.
  84. 2008 General Election Results for Wood-Ridge, The Record. Accessed June 12, 2012.
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  89. Wood-Ridge Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Wood-Ridge School District. Accessed March 16, 2020. "Purpose The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades K through 12 in the Wood-Ridge School District. Composition The Wood-Ridge School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Wood-Ridge."
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  92. Catherine E. Doyle Elementary School, Wood-Ridge Public School District. Accessed June 20, 2020.
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  96. Clark, Susan Joy. "Wood-Ridge Intermediate School opens its doors", Community News (Lodi edition), September 10, 2013. Accessed June 24, 2015. "Students at the new Wood-Ridge Intermediate School have been greeted this year by a building that's been refurbished from the inside out.... For 18 years, kindergarteners through fifth-graders attended Catherine E. Doyle Elementary School, sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders went to Greta Ostrovsky Middle School with ninth through 12th graders at Wood-Ridge High School.The Wood-Ridge Intermediate School now has fourth-, fifth- and sixth-graders, and houses approximately 280 students."
  97. Moonachie School District 2016 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed June 20, 2020. "Moonachie is a one school district near the Meadowlands.... We service students from grades Pre-k to 8. We send our high school students to Woodridge High School."
  98. Wood-Ridge Junior-Senior High School Profile 2017-2018, Wood-Ridge Public School District. Accessed June 20, 2020. "Moonachie is a sending district and their students enter our school in the ninth grade."
  99. Gavin, John A. "Council tells district to lower student estimates", The Record, May 18, 2010, backed up by the Internet Archive as of November 2, 2014. Accessed November 24, 2017. "The Borough Council wants the one-school district to lower estimates of how many students will attend Wood-Ridge High School, its receiving school, and predictions about how many students will be placed in special education programs outside the district."
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  102. Griffiths, Erin Patricia. "Council wants to buy Assumption School building", Community News, July 15, 2010. Accessed June 12, 2012."The Archdiocese of Newark closed Our Lady of the Assumption School, located at 151 First St. in Wood-Ridge, on June 30 due to low enrollment." However, The Borough of Wood-Ridge recently purchased the Assumption School building and it is now up and running as Wood-Ridge's Intermediate School for grades 4-6."
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  106. NJ Route 17 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed October 11, 2019.
  107. Wood-Ridge station, NJ Transit. Accessed December 23, 2013.
  108. Pascack Valley Line, NJ Transit. Accessed December 23, 2013.
  109. Wesmont station, NJ Transit. Accessed September 14, 2016.
  110. "Wood-Ridge to Gain New Train Station on Bergen County Line", NJ Transit, June 11, 2008. Accessed June 12, 2012.
  111. "Wesmont Train Station breaks ground in Wood-Ridge", Community News, March 12, 2014. Accessed October 29, 2015.
  112. "NJ Transit moves ahead on Hudson tunnel environmental work", The Record, October 14, 2015. Accessed October 29, 2015.
  113. Moss, Linda; and Norman, Jim. "After 5 years of missed deadlines, Wesmont train station in Wood-Ridge opens", The Record, May 15, 2016. Accessed September 14, 2016.
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  116. Garcia, Alfa. "Wood-Ridge native Emanuel Ayvas goes big with unique sound", The Record, March 6, 2010, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 8, 2010. Accessed November 24, 2017. "It was lucky, then, that frontman Emanuel Ayvas had the foresight to try a different approach; one that borrowed from the classical world.... So the Wood-Ridge native moved back home, wrote songs and diligently scored them for strings, brass, woodwind and percussion, his sound drawing from far-reaching influences like pianists Chopin and Rachmaninoff, guitar-heavy rockers Springsteen and Hendrix, and the more abstract Sufjan Stevens and Tom Waits."
  117. Feldberg, Robert. "Bergen County native shares role with deaf partner in Broadway's 'Spring Awakening'", The Record, September 20, 2015. Accessed October 18, 2015. "Theater is a collaborative art, but rarely do actors form a partnership as unusual as the one created by Alex Boniello, who was raised in Wood-Ridge, and Daniel N. Durant.... Boniello, who got the acting bug at Wood-Ridge High School before going on to study drama at Wagner College, joined the cast after the production had gotten under way in its Los Angeles debut, so, he said, he had to quickly play catch-up."
  118. Lei, Richard. "The Reliable Source", The Washington Post, August 1, 2004. Accessed November 25, 2017. "David Brock... Born: July 23, 1962, in Hackensack, N.J.; grew up on Windsor Street and Sussex Road in Wood-Ridge, N.J."
  119. Brock, David. "Blinded by the Right: The Conscience of an Ex-Conservative", p. 11. Random House, 2003. ISBN 1-4000-4728-5. Accessed November 25, 2017. "For instance, I remember walking to my Catholic elementary school, Our Lady of the Assumption, in Wood-Ridge, New Jersey, a suburb just outside New York City, each morning with a neighbor, Lynn, who lived up the street a few houses away."
  120. Kihss, Peter. "Guy W. Calissi, 71, Retired Judge And a Jersey Prosecutor, Is Dead; College Scholarship Yielded Byrne Made 1970 Appointment", The New York Times, December 9, 1980. Accessed October 19, 2009.
  121. LaGorce, Tammy. "Never Too Late; The Smithereens drummer Dennis Diken starts anew with a semi-solo album.", New Jersey Monthly, October 13, 2009. Accessed October 11, 2019. "Diken remains very much a member of the Smithereens, but for Late Music the 52-year-old Wood-Ridge resident partnered with another Jersey guy, Hackensack-based Pete DiBella."
  122. "Delaney, John, (1963 - )", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed November 9, 2017. "Delaney, John, a Representative from Maryland; born in Wood-Ridge, Bergen County, N.J., April 16, 1963"
  123. Mills, Ed. "Where are they now? Former NFL star Bob DeMarco of Wood-Ridge", The Record, January 28, 2014. Accessed January 25, 2017. "Growing up in Wood-Ridge, DeMarco was a two-way lineman at St. Mary and played as a sophomore on the Gaels' unbeaten nine-win team in 1953."
  124. Rohan, Virginia. "Malcolm Star Stays Grounded", The Record, March 6, 2000. Accessed May 7, 2008. "On the phone from Los Angeles, at 7:30 a.m. his time, the 14-year-old actor from Wood-Ridge seems just as friendly and chipper as he did before his Fox comedy "Malcolm in the Middle" debuted -- and became an instant hit."
  125. MacDonald "Spotlight: Bob Sullivan", Bankrate, April 21, 2008. Accessed December 23, 2013. "Name: Bob Sullivan; Hometown: Wood-Ridge, N.J."
  126. Sullivan, Bob. "Universal minimum wage hike support is no surprise; Americans know they’re underpaid", BobSullivan.net, November 7, 2014. Accessed November 25, 2017. "In my hometown of Wood-Ridge, N.J., just outside New York City, a single mom with two kids needs to make $27.76 /hour — or $50,000 a year — just to survive."

Sources
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