1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.

For related races, see 1822 United States elections.
1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections
Dates vary by state
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 39 seats 4 seats
Seats before 44 4
Seats won 14 1
Seats after 44 3
Seat change 1
Seats up 14 2
Majority Party before election


Democratic-Republican

 Elected Majority Party


Democratic-Republican

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Factions

At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford, Andrew Jackson, or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay."

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 18th Congress (1823–1825)

  • Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (32–33)
  • Minority Parties: National Republican & Federalist (4–5)
  • Total seats: 48

Change in composition

Before the elections

Composition after the January 24, 1822 Delaware special election.

DR1
Del.
Gain		 DR2 DR3 DR4
DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5
DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24
Majority → DR25
DR34
Ky.
Ran		 DR33
Ill.
Ran		 DR32
Ga.
Ran		 DR31
Ala.
Ran		 DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26
DR35
La.
Ran		 DR36
Me.
Ran		 DR37
Miss.
Ran		 DR38
N.J.
Ran		 DR39
N.C.
Ran		 DR40
R.I.
Ran		 DR41
S.C.
Ran		 DR42
Tenn.
Ran		 DR43
Va.
Ran		 DR44
N.H.
Retired
F1 F2 F3
Mass.
Ran		 F4
Del.
Unknown

Result of the regular elections
DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4
DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5
DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24
Majority → DR25
DR34
Ky.
Re-elected		 DR33
Ill.
Re-elected		 DR32
Ga.
Re-elected		 DR31
Ala.
Re-elected		 DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26
DR35
La.
Re-elected		 DR36
Me.
Re-elected		 DR37
Miss.
Re-elected		 DR38
N.J.
Re-elected		 DR39
R.I.
Re-elected		 DR40
Va.
Re-elected		 DR41
N.H.
Hold		 DR42
N.C.
Hold		 DR43
S.C.
Hold		 DR44
Tenn.
Hold
F1 F2 F3
Mass.
Re-elected		 V1
Del.
F Loss
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware
(Class 1)		 Vacant Outerbridge Horsey (F) had resigned March 3, 1821.
New senator elected January 24, 1822.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Ohio
(Class 3)		 William A. Trimble Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent died December 13, 1821.
New senator elected January 29, 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Massachusetts
(Class 2)		 Harrison Gray Otis Federalist 1816 Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822 to run for Mayor of Boston.
New senator elected June 5, 1822.
Successor was also elected to the next term, see below.
Federalist hold.
Alabama
(Class 3)		 John W. Walker Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822 due to failing health.
New senator elected December 12, 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Maryland
(Class 1)		 William Pinkney Democratic-Republican 1819 (Special)
1821		 Incumbent died February 25, 1822.
New senator elected December 17, 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Y Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Virginia
(Class 2)		 James Pleasants Democratic-Republican 1819 (Special) Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822 to become Governor of Virginia.
New senator elected December 18, 1822.
Successor was later re-elected to the next term, see below.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama William R. King Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent re-elected December 12, 1822.
Delaware Nicholas Van Dyke Federalist 1817 Legislature failed to elect.
Federalist loss.
Incumbent would later be re-elected late in 1824.		 [data unknown/missing]
Georgia Nicholas Ware Democratic-Republican 1821 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1822 or 1823.
  • Y Nicholas Ware (Crawford Democratic-Republican)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Illinois Jesse B. Thomas Democratic-Republican 1818 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Kentucky Richard M. Johnson Democratic-Republican 1819 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Louisiana Henry Johnson Democratic-Republican 1818 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
  • Y Henry Johnson (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Maine John Chandler Democratic-Republican 1820 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
  • Y John Chandler (Crawford Democratic-Republican)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Massachusetts James Lloyd Federalist 1808 (Special)
1808
1813 (Resigned)
1822 (Special)		 Incumbent re-elected as an Adams-Clay Federalist in 1822.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
  • Y James Lloyd (Adams-Clay Federalist)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Mississippi Thomas Hill Williams Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
New Hampshire David L. Morril Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1823.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Y Samuel Bell (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican)
  • [data unknown/missing]
New Jersey Mahlon Dickerson Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
North Carolina Montfort Stokes Democratic-Republican 1816 (Special)
1816		 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Y John Branch (Crawford Democratic-Republican)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Rhode Island Nehemiah R. Knight Democratic-Republican 1821 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
South Carolina William Smith Democratic-Republican 1810 (Special)
1816		 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Tennessee John Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected October 28, 1823.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia John Taylor of Caroline Democratic-Republican 1822 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.

Special elections during the next Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New Jersey
(Class 1)		 Samuel L. Southard Democratic-Republican 1821 (Appointed)
1820		 Incumbent resigned March 4, 1823 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy.
New senator elected November 12, 1823.
Democratic Republican hold.

Alabama
See also: List of United States senators from Alabama and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama

Delaware
See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 1822 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Georgia
See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Illinois
See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Kentucky
See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Louisiana
See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Maine
See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Maryland (Special)
See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

Massachusetts
See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1822–1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Mississippi
See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

New Hampshire
See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New Jersey
See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1822 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey

North Carolina
See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Ohio (Special)
See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

Rhode Island
See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina
See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Tennessee
See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Virginia
See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

See also

References
  1. "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019., citing 1822 House Journal, Dec 12.
  2. "Virginia 1822 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  3. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3343
  4. "Tennessee 1823 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
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