1822 in science
The year 1822 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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Biology
- "Rostocker Pfeilstorch", a white stork, is found in northern Germany with an arrow from central Africa through its neck, demonstrating the fact of bird migration.
Geology
- Georges Cuvier establishes new standards and methods in stratigraphy and paleontology.
- Gideon Mantell discovers the first fossil of the iguanodon.
- John Phillips and William Conybeare identify the Carboniferous Period.
- Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy identifies the Cretaceous Period. He also proposes the Jurassic System.
Mathematics
- July 3 – Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a "difference engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under British Government sponsorship 1823–32 but it will never be completed.[1]
- Karl Feuerbach describes the nine-point circle of a triangle.[2]
- William Farish of the University of Cambridge publishes a systematization of the rules for isometric drawing.[3][4][5]
Medicine
- United States Army surgeon William Beaumont pioneers human gastric endoscopy on Alexis St. Martin.[6]
- Scottish surgeon John Henry Wishart gives the first description in England of neurofibromatosis type II.[7][8]
Physics
- Navier–Stokes equations in fluid dynamics first formulated.
Technology
- May 23 – HMS Comet launched at Deptford Dockyard in the United Kingdom, the first steamboat commissioned by the Royal Navy.
- June 10 – The Aaron Manby crosses the English Channel, making her the first seagoing iron steamboat.
- French civil engineer Louis Vicat completes construction of a concrete viaduct across the Dordogne at Souillac, Lot.[9]
Events
- September 11 – Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632) is permitted by the Roman Catholic Church to be published.
Awards
- June 12 – Edward Banks knighted, the first such honour for work in civil engineering.[10]
- Copley Medal: William Buckland[11]
Births
- January 2 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (died 1888)
- January 6 – Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (died 1890)
- January 12 – Étienne Lenoir, Belgian mechanical engineer (died 1900)
- February 16 – Sir Francis Galton, English explorer, biologist (died 1911)
- April 18 – August Heinrich Petermann, German cartographer (died 1878)
- June 10 – Lydia White Shattuck, American botanist (died 1889)
- July 22 – Gregor Mendel, Silesian geneticist (died 1884)
- October 13 (O.S. October 1) – Lev Tsenkovsky, Polish-Ukrainian biologist (died 1887)
- December 27 – Louis Pasteur, French biologist (died 1895)
Deaths
- January 21 – Marie-Aimée Lullin, Swiss entomologist (born 1751)
- February 23 – Johann Matthäus Bechstein, German naturalist (born 1757)
- June 23 – René Just Haüy, French mineralogist (born 1743)
- August 13 – Jean-Robert Argand, Swiss-born mathematician (born 1768)
- August 25 – William Herschel, German-born British astronomer (born 1738)
- November 6 – Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (born 1748)
References
- Hyman, Anthony (1982). Charles Babbage: pioneer of the computer. Oxford University Press. p. 51ff. ISBN 0-19-858170-X.
- Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas You Really Need to Know. London: Quercus. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- Farish, William (1822). "On Isometrical Perspective" (PDF). Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1: 1–19. Retrieved 2012-05-29.
- Jones, Barclay G. (1986). Protecting historic architecture and museum collections from natural disasters. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. p. 243. ISBN 0-409-90035-4.
- Moorhouse, Charles Edmund (1974). Visual messages: graphic communication for senior students.
- Beaumont, William; Combe, Andrew (1838). Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion (reprint ed.). Edinburgh: MacLachlan & Stewart. ISBN 0-486-69213-2. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- Wishart, J. H. (1822-07-01). "Case of Tumours in the Skull, Dura Mater, and Brain". Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal. 18 (72): 393–397. ISSN 0963-4932. PMC 5828850. PMID 30332030.
- Ramsden, R. T.; Birch, J. M.; Evans, D. G. R. (1999-12-01). "Paediatric presentation of type 2 neurofibromatosis". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 81 (6): 496–499. doi:10.1136/adc.81.6.496. ISSN 0003-9888. PMC 1718148. PMID 10569966.
- Clermontel, Danièle; Clermontel, Jean-Claude (2009). Chronologie scientifique, technologique et économique de la France. Paris: Publibook. p. 241.
- Port, M. H. (2004). "Banks, Sir Edward (1770–1835)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1294. Retrieved 2010-10-31. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
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