1951 in music

This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1951.

1951 in music
By location
By genre
By topic
List of years in music (table)

Specific locations

Specific genres

Events

Albums released

US No 1 hit singles

These singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1951.

First weekNumber of weeksTitleArtist
March 3, 19511"If"Perry Como
March 10, 19511"Be My Love"Mario Lanza
March 17, 19515"If"Perry Como
April 21, 19519"How High the Moon"Les Paul & Mary Ford
June 23, 19515"Too Young"Nat King Cole
July 28, 19516"Come On-a My House"Rosemary Clooney
September 8, 19518"Because of You"Tony Bennett
November 3, 19516"Cold, Cold Heart"Tony Bennett
December 15, 19512"(It's No) Sin"Eddy Howard
December 29, 195111"Cry"Johnnie Ray & The Four Lads

Biggest hit singles

The following songs achieved the highest chart positions in the limited set of charts available for 1951.

# Artist Title Year Country Chart Entries
1Johnnie RayCry1951US 1940s 1 – Dec 1951, US 1 for 11 weeks Dec 1951, US BB 2 of 1951, DDD 4 of 1951, RYM 5 of 1951, POP 6 of 1952, Italy 68 of 1955, Acclaimed 1084
2Nat King ColeUnforgettable1951US BB 1 of 1952, POP 1 of 1952, RYM 4 of 1951, US 1940s 14 – Nov 1951, DDD 25 of 1951, Europe 63 of the 1950s, Scrobulate 78 of vocal, WXPN 500
3Les Paul & Mary FordHow High the Moon1951US 1940s 1 – Mar 1951, US 1 for 9 weeks Apr 1951, DDD 10 of 1951, US BB 12 of 1951, POP 12 of 1951, RYM 19 of 1951, RIAA 317, Acclaimed 514
4Nat King ColeToo Young1951US 1940s 1 – Apr 1951, US 1 for 5 weeks Jun 1951, POP 1 of 1951, DDD 5 of 1951, RYM 10 of 1951
5Mario LanzaBe My Love1951US 1940s 1 – Dec 1950, US 1 for 1 weeks Mar 1951, US BB 9 of 1951, POP 9 of 1951, Europe 79 of the 1950s, RYM 137 of 1951

Top hits on record

Top R&B hits on record

Classical music

Premieres
Sortable table
ComposerCompositionDateLocationPerformers
Arnold, MalcolmSymphony No. 1 in D minor1951-07-06 Cheltenham (Festival)Hallé Orchestra – Arnold[16][17]
Bal y Gay, JesúsConcerto Grosso1951-03-30 Mexico CityMexico National Symphony – Chávez[18]
Berger, ArthurDuo for violin and piano1951-10-19 New York, Town HallLack, [pianist][19]
Blomdahl, Karl-BirgerSymphony No. 3, Facetter1951-06-25 Frankfurt (ISCM Festival)Bavarian Radio Symphony – Lehmann [20]
Boulez, PierrePolyphonie X1951-10-06 Donaueschingen (Musiktage)SWF Radio Symphony – Rosbaud [21]
Britten, BenjaminSix Metamorphoses after Ovid1951-06-14 Aldeburgh (Festival)Boughton. [pianist unknown][22]
Cage, JohnImaginary Landscape No. 41951-05-10 New York City[23]
Cooke, ArnoldViolin Sonata No. 21951-05-17 LondonRapaport, Cross [24]
Dority, Bryan"How Sweet I Roamed", for soprano and piano1951-12-11 New York City, Carnegie HallTurash, Garvey[25]
Dutilleux, HenriSymphony No. 11951-06-07 ParisRTF National Orchestra – Désormière[26]
Ellington, DukeHarlem1951-06-20 New York (Lewisohn Stadium)NBC Symphony Orchestra – Ellington[27]
Ferguson, HowardPiano Concerto in D1951-06-22 BelfastFerguson / City of Belfast Orchestra – Mulgan[28]
Foss, LukasPiano Concerto No. 21951-10-07 Venice (Biennale)Foss / La Fenice Philharmonic – Sanzogno[29]
Fricker, Peter RacineSymphony No. 21951-07-26 LiverpoolLiverpool Philharmonic – Rignold[30]
Fulton, NormanSinfonia pastorale1951-06-? BournemouthBournemouth Municipal Orchestra – [conductor unknown][31]
Gardner, JohnSymphony No. 1, Op. 21951-07-05 Cheltenham (Festival)Hallé Orchestra – Barbirolli[16][32]
Garūta, Lūcija/Skulte, BrunoGod, Thy Earth Is Aflame cantata, completed by Skulte11951-03-10 Brooklyn (Brooklyn Academy of Music)[performers unknown][33]
Gerhard, RobertoPiano Concerto1951-06-16 Aldeburgh (Festival)Newton-Wood / Aldeburgh Festival Orchestra – Del Mar [22][34]
Giannini, VittorioA Canticle of Christmas, for baritone, chorus, and orchestra1951-12-10 Charlotte, NCWhite / Charlotte Symphony – Pfohl[35]
Glière, ReinholdHorn Concerto1951-05-10 LeningradPolekh / Leningrad Radio Symphony – Glière [36]
Hartmann, Karl AmadeusSymphonie Concertante (Symphony No. 5)1951-04-21 StuttgartStuttgart Radio Symphony – Müller-Kray [37]
Holst, ImogenSix Songs for women's voices and harp1951-06-[8–17] Aldeburgh (Festival)[performers unknown] – Holst[22]
Hovhaness, AlanSaint Vartan Symphony (Symphony No. 9, Op. 180)1951-03-? New York Carnegie Hall[orchestra] – Hovhaness.[38]
Ibert, JacquesSymphonie Concertante for Oboe and Strings1951-02-23 BaselShann / Basel Chamber Orchestra – Sacher [39]
Ifukube, AkiraDrumming of Japan1951-11-17 TokyoTokyo Symphony – Ueda [40]
Ives, CharlesSymphony No. 2 (1901)1951-02-22 New York Carnegie HallNew York Philharmonic – Bernstein[41]
Jacobson, MauriceSymphonic Suite for strings1951-07-04 Cheltenham (Festival)Hallé Orchestra – Barbirolli[16][42]
Jolivet, AndréPiano Concerto1951-06-19 Strasbourg (Festival)Descaves / Strasbourg Radio Orchestra – Jolivet [43]
Jacob, GordonFlute Concerto1951-08-05 LondonMorris / New London Orchestra – Sherman [44]
Jirak, KarelSymphony No. 51951-08-26 Edinburgh (Festival)Scottish National Orchestra – Susskind[45]
Kay, UlyssesShort Suite for concert band1951-05-08 Waco (Baylor University)Baylor University Golden Wave Band – Moore[46][47]
Kay, UlyssesSinfonia in E (a.k.a. Symphony in E)1951-05-02 Rochester, NYEastman-Rochester Orchestra – Hanson[46][48]
Koechlin, CharlesPrélude sur le nom de Fauré for strings1951-03-02 London (French Institute)["a string orchestra"][49]
Landré, GuillaumeSymphony No. 31951-06-17 AmsterdamConcertgebouw Orchestra – Kubelik[50]
Lutosławski, WitoldSilesian Tryptich1951-12-02 WarsawPolish National Radio Symphony – Fitelberg
Martinu, BohuslavConcerto for Two Violins and Orchestra No. 2 (1950)1951-01-14 DallasG. Beal, W. Beal / [unknown orchestra and conductor] [51]
Murrill, HerbertConcerto for cello and orchestra1951-03-03 London (Royal Albert Hall)Canning / BBC Symphony Orchestra – Cameron[52]
Oldham, ArthurThe Commandment of Love song cycle1951-06-[8–17] Aldeburgh (Festival)Pears, Britten[22]
Pettersson, AllanConcerto for Violin and String Quartet1951-03-10 StockholmFrydén / Ridderstad, Nihlman, Jonsson, Ericson [53]
Piston, WalterSymphony No. 41951-03-30 Minneapolis

Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, Doráti[54]

Prokofiev, SergeiPiano Sonata No. 9 (1947)1951-04-21 MoscowRichter [55]
Rawsthorne, AlanPiano Concerto No. 21951-06-17 London (Festival of Britain)Curzon / London Symphony – Sargent [56]
Reizenstein, FranzSerenade for Winds1951-07-[9–14] Cheltenham (Festival)The London Wind Players[16]
Rodrigo, JoaquínSonatas de Castilla1951-11-08 MadridRodrigo [57]
Rubbra, EdmundFestival Te Deum1951-06-30 London Royal Festival Hall[unknown performers][58]
Rubbra, EdmundString Quartet [No. 1?]1951-07-[9–14] Cheltenham (FestivalGriller String Quartet[16]
Sainton, PhilipSerenade Fantastique for oboe and strings1951-07-08 Cheltenham (Festival)Goosens / Boyd Neel Orchestra – Neel[59][60]
Schoenberg, Arnold"The Dance around the Golden Calf" from Moses und Aron1951-07-02 Darmstadt (Ferienkurse)Orchester und Chor des Landestheaters Darmstadt – Scherchen[61]
Shebalin, VissarionSinfonietta1951-11-12 MoscowUSSR Radio Symphony – Gauk [62]
Stevens, BernardSinfonietta1951-07-06 Cheltenham (Festival)[unknown oboist] / Boyd Neel Orchestra – Barbirolli[17][59]
Stockhausen, KarlheinzSonatine for violin and piano1951-08-242 CologneMarschner, Stockhausen[63]
Talma, LouiseThe Leaden Echo and the Golden Echo, choral dialogue1951-12-14 New York, Juilliard Concert HallJuilliard Chorus – Hufstader[64]
Villa-Lobos, HeitorFantasia for saxophone, three horns, and strings1951-11-17 Rio de Janeiro, Auditório do Palácio de Cultura,Waldemar Szpilman, Orquestra de Câmara do Ministério da Educação e Cultura – Villa-Lobos[65]
van Wyk, ArnoldSymphony No. 1 in A minor1951-07-033 Cheltenham (Festival)Hallé Orchestra – Barbirolli[66][67]
Wigglesworth, FrankSummer Scenes for flute, oboe, and strings1951-11-05 New York, Town HallLittle Orchestra – Scherman[68]
  • 1 "The cantata was written in 1944 by poet Andrejs Eglitis and composer Lucija Garuta. During the Nazi occupation of the Baltic state [Latvia] only small portions of the work could be performed. Eglitis later escaped to Sweden, but of Garuta nothing was ever heard. A new musical score was written by Bruno Skulte while he was in a German displaced persons camp."[33]
  • 2 Broadcast date of radio recording, NWDR Cologne. First public performance did not occur until 22 October 1971, by Saschko Gawriloff and Aloys Kontarsky at a concert of the SMIP in Paris.[69]
  • 3 Although previously performed in a radio broadcast in 1943, this was the first public performance.[66]

Compositions
  • Jean Absil
    • Contes for trumpet and piano, Op. 76
    • Les météores, ballet for orchestra Op. 77
  • Murray Adaskin – Ballet Symphony for orchestra
  • Yasushi Akutagawa
    • Ballata for violin and piano
    • Kappa ballet for orchestra
    • Shitsuraku-en (Paradise Lost) ballet for orchestra
  • Hugo Alfvén – Sängen till Folkare for baritone and piano or male choir and piano or male choir unaccompanied
  • Hendrik Andriessen
    • Aubade for brass quartet
    • Choral No. 4 for organ (revised version)
    • Liederen (3), for choir
    • Sonata for unaccompanied cello
    • Suite for brass quartet
    • Wind Quintet
  • Jurriaan Andriessen – Flute Concerto
  • István Anhalt
    • Arc en ciel ballet for two pianos
    • Funeral Music for ten instruments
    • Piano Sonata
    • Psalm 19: A Benediction for baritone and piano
    • Songs of Love (3) for SSA choir
  • George Antheil
    • Accordion Dance for orchestra
    • Fragments from Shelley (8) for choir and piano
    • Nocturne in Skyrockets for orchestra
    • Sonata for flute and piano
    • Sonata for trumpet and piano
  • Denis ApIvor
    • The Goodman of Paris ballet for orchestra, Op. 18
    • A Mirror for Witches ballet for orchestra, Op.19
    • Suite Concertante for piano and small orchestra, Op.18a
  • Boris Arapov – Russian Suite for orchestra
  • Violet Archer – Fantasy in the Form of a Passacaglia for brass
  • José Ardévol – Symphonic Variations for cello and orchestra
  • Malcolm Arnold
    • Oboe Sonatina, Op. 28
    • Clarinet Sonatina, Op. 29
    • Machines, symphonic study, Op. 30
    • A Sussex Overture, Op. 31
    • Concerto for Piano Four-Hands and String Orchestra, Op. 32
    • English Dances, set 2, Op. 33
  • Alexander Arutiunian – Concertino for piano and orchestra
  • Georges Auric – Chemin de lumière ballet (also orchestral suite)
  • Milton Babbitt
    • Du for soprano and piano
    • The Widow's Lament in Springtime, for soprano and piano
  • Jesús Bal y Gay – Concerto Grosso
  • Luciano Berio
    • Deus meus for voice and three instruments
    • Due liriche di Garcia Lorca for bass and orchestra
    • Due pezzi for violin and piano
    • Opus no. Zoo for reciter and wind quintet
    • Sonatina for wind quartet [withdrawn]
  • Pierre Boulez – Polyphonie X
  • Martin Boykan – Duo for violin and piano
  • Benjamin Britten – Six Metamorphoses after Ovid for oboe and piano
  • Earle Brown – Three Pieces for piano
  • John Cage
  • Elliott Carter – String Quartet No. 1
  • Carlos Chávez – "Happy Birthday", for a cappella chorus
  • Henry Cowell
    • Clown dance music for piano
    • Duet for Sidney with Love from Henry for violin and cello
    • Her Smile Is as Sweet as a Rose for unaccompanied voice
    • Scherzo for soprano and alto recorders
    • Signature of Light for voice and piano
    • Tenth Anniversary for piano
  • George Crumb
    • Pieces (3) for piano
    • Prelude and Toccata for piano
  • Dimitrie Cuclin – Sinfonia No. 13
  • Luigi Dallapiccola – Tartiniana
  • David Diamond
    • The Midnight Meditation song cycle for voice and piano
    • Mizmor L'David, sacred service for tenor, choir, and organ
    • Piano Trio
    • String Quartet No. 4
  • Henri Dutilleux – Symphony No. 1
  • George Enescu – String Quartet No. 2, Op. 22, No. 2
  • Morton Feldman
    • Extensions I, for violin and piano
    • Intersection, for tape
    • Intersection I for orchestra
    • Marginal Intersection for orchestra
    • Projection II, for 5 instruments
    • Projection III, for two pianos
    • Projection IV, for violin and piano
    • Projection V, for 9 instruments
    • Songs (4), for soprano, cello, and piano
    • Structures for string quartet
  • Howard Ferguson – Piano Concerto in D
  • Gerald Finzi
    • "God Is Gone Up", from 3 Anthems Op. 27
    • All This Night, Op. 33
    • Muses and Graces, Op. 34
    • Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, Op. 35
  • Lukas Foss – Piano Concerto No. 2
  • Roberto Gerhard
    • Sardana No. 3 for winds and percussion
    • Piano Concerto
  • Reinhold Glière – Horn Concerto
  • Karel Goeyvaerts
  • Bengt Hambraeus
    • Cantata pro defunctis for baritone and organ
    • Concerto for Organ and Harpsichord (revised version)
    • Liturgia pro organo
  • Howard Hanson – Fantasy-Variations on a Theme of Youth for piano and strings
  • Roy Harris
    • Cumberland Concerto for orchestra
    • Fantasy for piano and "pops" orchestra
    • Red Cross Hymn for choir and band
  • Paul Hindemith – Die Harmonie der Welt Symphony
  • Vagn Holmboe – Sinfonia boreale (Symphony No. 8)
  • Alan Hovhaness
    • Concerto No. 1 ("Arevakal") for orchestra, Op. 88
    • Concerto No. 2 for violin and strings, Op. 89, No. 1
    • Fantasy on an Ossetin Tune for piano, Op. 85
    • Four Motets, for SATB choir, Op. 87
    • From the End of the Earth for SATB choir and organ (or piano), Op. 187
    • Gamelan and Jhala for carillon, Op. 106
    • Hanna for 2 clarinets and 2 pianos, Op. 101
    • Hymn to a Celestial Musician for piano, Op. 111, No. 2
    • Jhala for piano, Op. 103
    • Make Haste, motet for SATB choir, Op. 86
    • Khaldis concerto for 4 trumpets, piano, and percussion, Op. 91
    • Khirgiz Suite for violin and piano, Op. 73, No. 1
    • Lullaby (a.k.a. Slumber Song for piano, Op. 52, No. 2
    • Sing Aloud for SATB choir, Op. 68
    • Suite for violin, piano and percussion, Op. 99
    • Talin concerto for viola and strings, Op. 93, No. 1
    • Toccata and Fugue on a Kabardin Tune for piano, Op. 6, No. 2
    • Upon Enchanted Ground for flute, cello, harp, and tam-tam, Op. 90, No. 1
  • Akira Ifukube – Drumming of Japan
  • André Jolivet – Piano Concerto
  • Wojciech Kilar –
    • Sonatina for flute and piano
    • Three preludes for piano
    • Variations on a Theme by Paganini for piano
  • Gail Kubik – Symphony Concertante [1952 Pulitzer]
  • György Ligeti – Concert românesc
  • Douglas Lilburn – Symphony No. 2
  • Witold Lutosławski
    • Jesień
    • Polskich pieśni ludowych na tematy żołnierskie (10) for male choir
    • Recitative and Arioso for violin and piano
    • Silesian Tryptich
  • Gian Francesco Malipiero – Sinfonia dello Zodiaco
  • Frank Martin – Violin Concerto
  • Bohuslav Martinu
    • Piano Trio No. 3
    • Serenade for Two Clarinets and String Trio
    • Stowe Pastorals
  • Peter Mennin – String Quartet No. 2
  • Darius Milhaud
    • Le candélabre à sept branches, Op. 315
    • Concertino d'automne for two pianos and eight instruments, Op. 309
    • Concertino d'été for viola and chamber orchestra, Op. 311
    • Les miracles de la foi, cantata for tenor, chorus and orchestra, Op. 314
  • José Pablo Moncayo – Muros verdes for piano
  • Xavier Montsalvatge
    • Cuarteto indiano
    • Poema Concertante for violin and orchestra
  • Luigi Nono
    • Composizione no. 1 for orchestra
    • Polifonica – monodia – ritmica, for flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, saxophone, horn, piano, and percussion
  • Vincent Persichetti – Symphony No. 4
  • Allan Pettersson – Seven Sonatas for Two Violins
  • Walter Piston – String Quartet No. 4
  • Henri Pousseur
    • Missa brevis for four mixed voices
    • Sept Versets des Psaumes de la Pénitence for four solo voices or mixed choir
  • Sergei Prokofiev – Symphony-Concerto for cello and orchestra
  • Peter Racine Fricker – Symphony No. 2
  • Joaquín Rodrigo – Sonatas de Castilla
  • Guy Ropartz – String Quartet No. 6
  • Ned Rorem
    • Cycle of Holy Songs (Psalms 134, 142, 148, 150) for vice and piano
    • From an Unknown Past song cycle for voice and piano
    • Love in a Life for voice and piano
    • The Nightingale for voice and piano
    • Seven Choruses for a cappella choir
    • To a Young Girl for voice and piano
  • Edmund Rubbra – String Quartet No. 2
  • Hermann Schroeder – Ave Maria zart chorale-prelude for organ
  • Mátyás Seiber – Concertino for clarinet and ensemble
  • Roger Sessions – String Quartet No. 2
  • Dmitri Shostakovich – Preludes and Fugues (24) for piano
  • Reginald Smith Brindle – Concertino for guitar and chamber orchestra
  • Karlheinz Stockhausen – Kreuzspiel
  • Virgil Thomson
    • Chromatic Double Harmonies: Portrait of Sylvia Marlowe in Nine Etudes for piano
    • De profundis (Psalm 30), SATB choir (revised version)
    • For a Happy Occasion (Happy Birthday for Mrs. Zimbalist) for piano
  • Eduard Tubin – Sonata for alto saxophone solo
  • David Van Vactor – Violin Concerto
  • Villa-Lobos, Heitor
  • Frank Wigglesworth – Summer Scenes for flute, oboe, and strings

Opera

Jazz
Main article: 1951 in jazz

Musical theater

Musical films

Births

Deaths

Notes
  1. Anon. "Riviera Dei Fiori"; Anon. "Sanremo 1951 Archived March 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine", Sanremo Festival Website (Accessed November 30, 2009).
  2. Henry Cowell, "Current Chronicle: New York" (Subscription Access), The Musical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (July): 396–402. Citation is on pp. 399–400.
  3. Everett Helm, "Current Chronicle: Berlin" (Subscription Access), The Musical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (October): 590–97.
  4. "Queen Elisabeth Competition 1951–2008 Archived October 8, 2018, at the Wayback Machine", p. 3.
  5. Anonymous, 'First Performance of a Haydn Opera', The Times, issue 52024 (Monday, June 10, 1951): p. 4, col G.
  6. A. J., "Cheltenham Festival", The Musical Times 92, no. 1303 (Sep., 1951): 416–17.
  7. Anon., "The Haslemere Festival", The Musical Times 92, no. 1301 (July 1951): 312.
  8. Adolf Aber, "Tradition and Revolution at Bayreuth", The Musical Times 92, no. 1304 (October 1951): 453–57.
  9. David Cherniavsky, "The Salzburg Festival", The Musical Times 92, no. 1305 (November 1951): 517–18.
  10. Anonymous, 'Berlin Festival of the Arts: Turn of Western Culture', The Times, issue 52091 (Tuesday, August 28, 1951): p. 3, col G.
  11. Margaret Reece-Evans, "The Swansea Festival", Musical Times 92, no. 1305 (November): 516.
  12. Donaueschinger Musiktage: Programme seit 1921 Archived March 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  13. Anonymous, 'Royal Opera House: "Turandot"', The Times, issue 52139 (Tuesday, October 23, 1951): p. 6, col F.
  14. Anonymous, 'Visit of Hamburg Radio Orchestra: Series of Concerts', The Times, issue 52164 (Wednesday, November 21, 1951): p. 2, col F.
  15. Anonymous, 'Opening of the Season at La Scala: Two First Performances', The Times, issue 52179 (Saturday, December 8, 1951): p. 5, col C.
  16. Anon., "Contemporary Music: Cheltenham Festival of British Works", Times(6 March 1951): 7.
  17. Anon., "Cheltenham Festival: Arnold's Symphony", Times 7 July 1951: 8.
  18. La Quinta de Mahler
  19. H[arold] C S[chonberg], "Miss Lack Heard in Violin Recital: Saint-Saens Concerto Is Chief Work on Town Hall Program—Berger Duo Presented", The New York Times (20 October): 23.
  20. Svensk Musik
  21. To Boulez and Beyond, page 149
  22. Anon., "Aldeburgh Festival: Purcell's Dido and Aeneas" Times (28 February 1951): 8.
  23. John Cage official website
  24. Musicweb International
  25. Anon., "Turash, Soprano, Bows: Otto Luening's Emily Dickinson Song Cycle on Her Program", The New York Times (12 December): 50.
  26. Radio France
  27. Anon., "Runyon Fund Concert: Ellington and N.B.C. Symphony to Appear at Stadium June 20", The New York Times (9 June): 12.
  28. Boosey & Hawkes
  29. "Venice Bienna official website" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  30. University of California, Santa Barbara
  31. Anon., "Music Proze Awarded", Times (23 February 1951): 8.
  32. Anon., "Cheltenham Festival: An Adventurous Symphony", Times (6 July 1951): 2.
  33. Anon., "Ex-D.P.s to Give Cantata", The New York Times (3 March): 14.
  34. http://sites.google.com/site/robertgerhardvalls18961970/
  35. Anon., "Giannini Canticle Bows: Work by New York Professor Introduced in Charlotte, N.C.", New York Times (10 December): 32.
  36. "Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  37. Schott Music
  38. Henry Cowell," Current Chronicle: New York" (subscription required), The Musical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (July 1951): 396–402. Citation is on p. 396.
  39. All the conducting masterclasses
  40. Akira Ifukube official website
  41. Henry Cowell," Current Chronicle: New York" (subscription required), The Musical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (July 1951): 396–402. Citation is on p. 399–400.
  42. Anon., "Cheltenham Festival: Maurice Jacobson", Times (5 July 1951): 8.
  43. Guide de la Musique Symphonique, page 387.
  44. Gordon Jacob official website
  45. Howard Taubman, "Edinburgh Hears Jirak's Symphony: Prize-Winning Work by Chicago Music Teacher Has World Premiere at Festival", New York Times (27 August): 15.
  46. Aaron Horne, Brass Music of Black Composers: A Bibliography (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1996): 160. ISBN 0-313-29826-2
  47. Constance Tibbs Hobson and Deborra A. Richardson, Ulysses Kay: A Bio-Bibliography, Bio-Bibliographies in Music 53 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994): 43. ISBN 978-0-313-25546-5.
  48. Constance Tibbs Hobson and Deborra A. Richardson, Ulysses Kay: A Bio-Bibliography, Bio-Bibliographies in Music 53 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994): 44. ISBN 978-0-313-25546-5.
  49. "French Institute Concert: Fugues and Concertos", Times (3 March 1951): 8.
  50. Daniel L.Schorr, "The Hague Opens Fifth Music Fete: Royal Court, Diplomatic Corps Represented a Concert in Medieval Hall of Knights", The New York Times (15 June): 27.
  51. Hyperion Records
  52. Anon., "Henry Wood Birthday Concert: New Cello Concerto", Times (5 March 1951): 2.
  53. Allan Pettersson Society
  54. Steven Lowe, Liner notes to Walter Piston: Symphony No. 4, Capriccio for Harp and String Orchestra, Three New England Sketches. Seattle Symphony Orchestra; Gerard Schwarz, conductor. Naxos CD 8.559162. [Hong Kong]: Naxos, 2002.
  55. Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas
  56. BBC
  57. Joaquín Rodrigo official website
  58. W[ilfred] H. Mellers, "Current Chronicle: England", The Musical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (October 1951): 580–85. Citation on 582.
  59. Paul Hamburger, "Cheltenham Festival". The Music Review 12 (1951): 317–19. Citation on 317 and 319.
  60. Anon., "Cheltenham Festival: Three Serenades", Times (9 July 1951): 2.
  61. Imke Misch and Markus Bandur (eds.), Karlheinz Stockhausen bei den Internationalen Ferienkursen für Neue Musik in Darmstadt 1951–1996: Dokumente und Briefe (Kürten: Stockhausen Stiftung für Musik, 2001): 9. ISBN 3-00-007290-X.
  62. "Le Chant du Monde" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 17, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  63. Karlheinz Stockhausen, "Sonatine für Violine und Klavier (1951)", in his Texte zur Musik 4 (1970–1977), edited by Christoph von Blumröder, 46–47, DuMont Dokumente (Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag, 1978), 46, ISBN 3-7701-1078-1; Michael Kurtz, Stockhausen: A Biography, translated by Richard Toop (London and Boston: Faber and Faber, 1992): 31. ISBN 0-571-14323-7 (cloth); ISBN 0-571-17146-X (pbk).
  64. Anon., "Choral to Have Premiere", The New York Times (14 December): 28.
  65. Villa-Lobos, sua obra, Version 1.0. MinC (Rio de Janeiro: IBRAM, and the Museu Villa-Lobos, 2009): 63.
  66. Anon., "Cheltenham Festival", Times (4 July 1951): 8.
  67. Paul Hamburger, "Cheltenham Festival". The Music Review 12 (1951): 317–19. Citation on 317–18.
  68. Olin Downes, "Little Orchestra Gives 3 Premieres: Concertos by Martinu and Vivaldi and a Novelty by Wigglesworth Offered", The New York Times (5 November): 34
  69. Rudolf Frisius, Karlheinz Stockhausen II: Die Werke 1950–1977; Gespräch mit Karlheinz Stockhausen, "Es geht aufwärts" (Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Musik International, 2008): 30.
  70. Stephen Williams, "Premiere of Britten's Billy Budd Stirs London", New York Times (Sunday, 9 December): 133.
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