1954 in literature

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1954.

Events

January – Kingsley Amis's first novel, the comic campus novel Lucky Jim, is published by Victor Gollancz Ltd in London.[1]
January 7 – The Georgetown–IBM experiment is the first public demonstration of a machine translation system, held in New York at the IBM head office.
January 25 – Dylan Thomas's radio play Under Milk Wood is first broadcast in the U.K. on the BBC Third Programme, two months after its author's death, with Richard Burton as "First Voice".
February – The London Magazine is revived as a literary magazine, with John Lehmann as editor.
March 31 – A. L. Zissu is sentenced in Bucharest to life imprisonment for "conspiring against the social order". This has been a focal point in the anti-Zionist clampdown in Communist Romania.[2]
May 29 – The rediscovered and restored early 17th-century Corral de comedias de Almagro in Spain is re-inaugurated with a play by Calderon de la Barca.[3]
June 16 – The first public celebration of "Bloomsday" takes place in Dublin: writers Flann O'Brien, Patrick Kavanagh and Anthony Cronin travel in a horse-drawn coach, stopping at numerous bars to retrace the steps of the characters from James Joyce's novel Ulysses.
June 22 – In the Parker–Hulme murder case, the 15-year-old Julia Hulme, a future writer of English historical detective fiction as Anne Perry, takes part in the murder of her best friend's mother in Christchurch, New Zealand.
July – The first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's epic The Lord of the Rings – The Fellowship of the Ring – is published in London by George Allen & Unwin. The Two Towers follows on November 11 and publication will be completed in 1955. By 2007, 150 million copies will have been sold worldwide.[4]
September 1 – Lawrence Quincy Mumford becomes the U.S.Librarian of Congress.
September 17 – William Golding's first novel, the allegorical dystopian Lord of the Flies, is published by Faber and Faber in London.
September 22 – Terence Rattigan's two linked plays Separate Tables is first performed, at St James's Theatre, London.
October 30 – John Updike's first story for The New Yorker, "Friends from Philadelphia", is published. He graduates from Harvard with a thesis on George Herbert, and begins a year's Frank Knox Memorial Fellowship to the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art at England's University of Oxford.
November 19 – Brendan Behan's first play, The Quare Fellow is premièred at the Pike Theatre, Dublin.
unknown date – Jack Kerouac reads Dwight Goddard's A Buddhist Bible (1932, found in San Jose library), which will influence him greatly.

New books

Fiction

Kingsley Amis – Lucky Jim[1]
Poul Anderson – The Broken Sword
Isaac Asimov – The Caves of Steel
James Baldwin – Go Tell It on the Mountain
Hamilton Basso – The View from Pompey's Head
John Bingham – The Third Skin
Boileau-Narcejac – The Living and the Dead (D'entre les morts)
Lucy M. Boston – Yew Hall
Pierre Boulle – The Bridge over the River Kwai (Le Pont de la Rivière Kwaï)
Taylor Caldwell – Never Victorious, Never Defeated
John Dickson Carr
- The Third Bullet and Other Stories
- The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes (with Adrian Conan Doyle)
Agatha Christie – Destination Unknown
Robertson Davies – Leaven of Malice
Simone de Beauvoir – The Mandarins (Les Mandarins)
Daphne du Maurier – Mary Anne
Ian Fleming – Live and Let Die
Max Frisch – I'm Not Stiller (Stiller)
William Golding – Lord of the Flies
Hergé – Explorers on the Moon (On a marché sur la Lune)
Hwang Sun-won – The Descendants of Cain (카인의 후예)
Mac Hyman – No Time for Sergeants
Hammond Innes – The Strange Land
Randall Jarrell – Pictures from an Institution: a comedy
Yasunari Kawabata (川端康成) – The Sound of the Mountain (Yama no Oto; serialization concludes)
Frances Parkinson Keyes – The Royal Box
Kalki Krishnamurthy
- Amara Thara
- Ponniyin Selvan (பொன்னியின் செல்வன், "The Son of Ponni"; publication concludes)
Manuel Mujica Láinez – La casa (The House)
Jacques Laurent – Mata Hari's Daughter
Camara Laye – Le Regard du roi
Ira Levin – A Kiss Before Dying
Astrid Lindgren – Mio, My Son
Compton Mackenzie – Ben Nevis Goes East
Kamala Markandaya – Nectar in a Sieve
John Masters – Bhowani Junction
Richard Matheson – I Am Legend
John Metcalfe – The Feasting Dead
James A. Michener – Sayonara
Paul Morand – Hecate and Her Dogs
Alberto Moravia – Il disprezzo (A Ghost at Noon)
Iris Murdoch – Under the Net
Louis Pauwels – L'Amour monstre
J. B. Priestley – The Magicians
Marcel Proust – Jean Sauteuil (posthumously published)
Ellery Queen – The Glass Village
Pauline Réage (Anne Desclos) – Story of O (Histoire d'O)
Mordecai Richler – The Acrobats
Lillian Roth – I'll Cry Tomorrow
Françoise Sagan – Bonjour Tristesse[5]
Ahmed Sefrioui – La Boîte à merveilles
Anya Seton – Katherine
Margit Söderholm – Clouds Over Hellesta
John Steinbeck – Sweet Thursday
Irving Stone – Love Is Eternal
Rex Stout
- The Black Mountain
- Three Men Out
Edward Streeter – Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar – Saatleri Ayarlama Enstitüsü (The Time Regulation Institute)
Morton Thompson – Not as a Stranger
J. R. R. Tolkien
- The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
- The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Amos Tutuola – My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
Tarjei Vesaas – Spring Night
Gore Vidal – Messiah
Douglass Wallop – The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant
Monique Watteau – La Colère végétale
Frank Yerby – Benton's Row

Children and young people

Viola Bayley – Paris Adventure (first in the Adventure series of 16 books)
Lucy M. Boston – The Children of Green Knowe (first in the Green Knowe series of six books)
Eleanor Cameron – The Wonderful Flight to the Mushroom Planet
Meindert DeJong – The Wheel on the School (illustrated by Maurice Sendak)
Rumer Godden – Impunity Jane: The Story of a Pocket Doll
Joseph Krumgold – ...And Now Miguel
C. S. Lewis – The Horse and His Boy
Dr. Seuss – Horton Hears a Who!
Rosemary Sutcliff – The Eagle of the Ninth
Henry Treece
- Legions of the Eagle
- The Eagles Have Flown
Ronald Welch – Knight Crusader

Births

January 5 – László Krasznahorkai, Hungarian novelist and screenwriter
January 15 – Jose Dalisay, Jr., Filipino writer
January 29 – Oprah Winfrey, American actress and talk show host
January – Cao Wenxuan (曹文軒), Chinese children's book writer and academic
February 2 – Moniza Alvi, Pakistani-British poet and writer
March 4 – Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian writer
May 6 – Nicholas Crane, English writer, geographer and broadcaster
March 16 – S. A. Griffin, American actor and poet
March 20 – Louis Sachar, American children's author
April 14 – Bruce Sterling, American science-fiction writer
May 5 – Hamid Ismailov, Uzbek writer
May 23 – Anja Snellman, Finnish writer
June 6 – Cynthia Rylant, American children's author and poet
June 28 – A. A. Gill, British journalist and critic (died 2016)
July 17 – J. Michael Straczynski, American author
August 1 – James Gleick, American non-fiction author
August 15 – Mary Jo Salter, American poet and academic
August 17 – Anatoly Kudryavitsky, Russian-Irish writer
September 14 – Mikey Smith, Jamaican dub poet (killed 1983)
November 8 – Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-born English novelist and Nobel laureate
November 10 – Marlene van Niekerk, South African novelist
November 11 – Mary Gaitskill, American novelist, essayist and short story writer
November 12 – Christopher Pike (Kevin Christopher McFadden), American children's author
December 3 – Grace Andreacchi, American author
December 7 – Mark Hofmann, American rare book dealer, forger and murderer
December 20 – Sandra Cisneros, American writer
unknown dates
- Esther Delisle, French Canadian author and historian
- Ibrahim Nasrallah, Jordanian/Palestinian poet and novelist
- Roma Tearne (Roma Chrysostom), Sri Lankan novelist and artist

Deaths

January 1 – Duff Cooper (1st Viscount Norwich), English poet, biographer and politician (born 1890)
January 21 – E. K. Chambers, English literary scholar (born 1866)
January 25 – M. N. Roy, Indian philosopher and politician (born 1887)
February 2 – Hella Wuolijoki, Estonian-born Finnish writer (born 1886)
February 6 – Maxwell Bodenheim, American poet and novelist (born 1892; murdered)
March 28 – Francis Brett Young, English novelist and poet (born 1884)
April 8
- Juan Álvarez, Argentinian historian (born 1878)
- Winnifred Eaton, Canadian author (born 1875)
- Cicely Fox Smith, English poet and nautical writer (born 1882)
April 19 – Russell Davenport, American journalist and publisher (born 1899)
May 3 – Earnest Hooton, American writer on anthropology (born 1887)
June 18 – Constantin Beldie, Romanian literary promoter and memoirist (born 1887)
July 13 – Grantland Rice, American sportswriter (born 1880)
July 14 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish dramatist and Nobel laureate (born 1866)
August 2 – Julián Padrón, Venezuelan novelist, journalist and lawyer (born 1910)
August 3 – Colette, French novelist (born 1873)
September 19 – Miles Franklin, Australian novelist (born 1879)
September 29 – W. J. Gruffydd, Welsh-language journal editor (born 1881)
October 22 – Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian poet and polemicist (born 1890)
November 17 – Ludovic Dauș, Romanian novelist and dramatist (born 1873)
December 6 – Lucien Tesnière, French grammarian (born 1893)
December 20 – James Hilton, English novelist (born 1900)[7]

Awards

Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Ronald Welch, Knight Crusader[8]
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: C. P. Snow, The New Men and The Masters
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Keith Feiling, Warren Hastings
Newbery Medal for children's literature: Joseph Krumgold, ...And Now Miguel
Nobel Prize for Literature: Ernest Miller Hemingway
Premio Nadal: Francisco Alcántara, La muerte sienta bien a Villalobos
Prix Goncourt: Simone de Beauvoir, Les mandarins[9]
Pulitzer Prize for Drama: John Patrick, The Teahouse of the August Moon
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: no award given
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Theodore Roethke: TheWaking
Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Ralph Hodgson

References

Zachary Leader (2002). On Modern British Fiction. Oxford University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-19-924933-6.
Glass, Hildrun (2010). "Câteva note despre activitatea lui Avram L. Zissu". In Rotman, Liviu; Crăciun, Camelia; Vasiliu, Ana-Gabriela (eds.). Noi perspective în istoriografia evreilor din România. Bucharest: Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Editura Hasefer. p. 166.
Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish), CXCVIII, Madrid, 2001, pp. 352–546, OCLC 1460620.
Wagner, Vit (2007-04-16). "Tolkien proves he's still the king". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
No. 41 in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century. Savigneau, Josyane (1999-10-15). "Écrivains et choix sentimentaux". Le Monde. Paris.
Leitch, Vincent B.; Cain, William E.; Finke, Laurie A.; Johnson, Barbara E.; McGowan, John; Williams, Jeffrey J. (2001). "William K. Wimsatt Jr. and Monroe C. Beardsley". In Leitch, Vincent B. (ed.). The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. pp. 1371–1374.
Stanley Kunitz (1955). Twentieth Century Authors: A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature. Supplement. H. W. Wilson. p. 353.
Peter Hunt (2 September 2003). International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. Routledge. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-134-87993-9.
Susan Weiner; Professor Susan Weiner, MS Rdn Cde Cdn (9 May 2001). Enfants Terribles: Youth and Femininity in the Mass Media in France, 1945-1968. JHU Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-8018-6539-8.

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[Leader2002-1] Zachary Leader (2002). On Modern British Fiction. Oxford University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-19-924933-6.

[2] Glass, Hildrun (2010). "Câteva note despre activitatea lui Avram L. Zissu". In Rotman, Liviu; Crăciun, Camelia; Vasiliu, Ana-Gabriela (eds.). Noi perspective în istoriografia evreilor din România. Bucharest: Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Editura Hasefer. p. 166.

[3] Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish), CXCVIII, Madrid, 2001, pp. 352–546, OCLC 1460620.

[4] Wagner, Vit (2007-04-16). "Tolkien proves he's still the king". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2014-06-04.

[5] No. 41 in Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century. Savigneau, Josyane (1999-10-15). "Écrivains et choix sentimentaux". Le Monde. Paris.

[6] Leitch, Vincent B.; Cain, William E.; Finke, Laurie A.; Johnson, Barbara E.; McGowan, John; Williams, Jeffrey J. (2001). "William K. Wimsatt Jr. and Monroe C. Beardsley". In Leitch, Vincent B. (ed.). The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. pp. 1371–1374.

[7] Stanley Kunitz (1955). Twentieth Century Authors: A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature. Supplement. H. W. Wilson. p. 353.

[8] Peter Hunt (2 September 2003). International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. Routledge. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-134-87993-9.

[9] Susan Weiner; Professor Susan Weiner, MS Rdn Cde Cdn (9 May 2001). Enfants Terribles: Youth and Femininity in the Mass Media in France, 1945-1968. JHU Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-8018-6539-8.