1994 Andalusian regional election

The 1994 Andalusian regional election was held on Sunday, 12 June 1994, to elect the 4th Parliament of the autonomous community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with the 1994 European Parliament election.

1994 Andalusian regional election
12 June 1994
All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia
55 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered5,389,552 7.6%
Turnout3,625,445 (67.3%)
12.0 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Manuel Chaves Javier Arenas Luis Carlos Rejón
Party PSOE–A PP IULV–CA
Leader since 19 April 1990 25 July 1993 21 July 1988
Leader's seat Cádiz Seville Córdoba
Last election 62 seats, 49.6% 26 seats, 22.2% 11 seats, 12.7%
Seats won 45 41 20
Seat change 17 15 9
Popular vote 1,395,131 1,238,252 689,815
Percentage 38.7% 34.4% 19.1%
Swing 10.9 pp 12.2 pp 6.4 pp
  Fourth party
 
Leader Pedro Pacheco
Party PA–PAP
Leader since 1994
Leader's seat Cádiz
Last election 10 seats, 10.8%[lower-alpha 1]
Seats won 3
Seat change 7
Popular vote 208,862
Percentage 5.8%
Swing 5.0 pp
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
President before election

Manuel Chaves
PSOE–A

 Elected President

Manuel Chaves
PSOE–A

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia after winning the election. However, the poor results obtained by his party forced him to form a minority government 10 seats short of a majority. Eventually, a snap election had to be called in 1996 due to the impracticality of government resulting from the union, at times, of the two main opposition parties (People's Party and United Left).

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1]

Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other).[1][2]

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[3]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[2][4]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 23 June 1990, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 23 June 1994. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Thursday, 30 June 1994.[1][2][5][6]

The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.[1][5][6]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Results

Overall
← Summary of the 12 June 1994 Parliament of Andalusia election results →
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) 1,395,13138.72–10.88 45–17
People's Party (PP) 1,238,25234.36+12.18 41+15
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) 689,81519.14+6.47 20+9
Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)1 208,8625.80–4.95 3–7
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 12,0780.34+0.11 0±0
Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) 9,8750.27–0.91 0±0
Andalusian Nation (NA)2 9,6900.27+0.21 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 5,5100.15+0.08 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,6370.07–0.01 0±0
Socialist October (OS) 6410.02New 0±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 3500.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 30,7500.85+0.41
Total 3,603,591 109±0
Valid votes 3,603,59199.40–0.16
Invalid votes 21,8540.60+0.16
Votes cast / turnout 3,625,44567.27+11.93
Abstentions 1,764,10732.73–11.93
Registered voters 5,389,552
Sources[7][8][9]
Popular vote
PSOE–A
 
 38.72%
PP
 
 34.36%
IULV–CA
 
 19.14%
PA–PAP
 
 5.80%
Others
 
 1.13%
Blank ballots
 
 0.85%
Seats
PSOE–A
 
 41.28%
PP
 
 37.61%
IULV–CA
 
 18.35%
PA–PAP
 
 2.75%

Distribution by constituency
Constituency PSOE–A PP IULV–CA PA–PAP
% S % S % S % S
Almería 38.1 5 41.9 5 15.0 1 3.2 −
Cádiz 34.5 5 33.2 5 18.2 3 11.6 2
Córdoba 37.5 6 30.8 4 24.6 3 5.3 −
Granada 38.3 5 38.6 6 16.8 2 4.4 −
Huelva 44.1 5 33.3 4 15.7 2 5.2 −
Jaén 42.6 5 35.9 5 15.6 2 4.1 −
Málaga 34.3 6 36.5 6 22.4 4 4.7 −
Seville 42.0 8 30.6 6 19.5 3 5.8 1
Total 38.7 45 34.4 41 19.1 20 5.8 3
Sources[7][8][9]

Aftermath
Investiture
Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A)
Ballot → 20 July 1994 23 July 1994 29 July 1994[lower-alpha 2]
Required majority → 55 out of 109 N Simple N Simple Y
44 / 109
43 / 109
44 / 109
63 / 109
64 / 109
41 / 109
0 / 109
0 / 109
4 / 109
2 / 109
2 / 109
1 / 109
Sources[7]

Notes
  1. Data for PA in the 1990 election.
  2. 19 IULV–CA MPs did not participate in the 29 July vote.

References
Opinion poll sources
  1. "Sondea, que algo queda". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 May 1995.
  2. "Elecciones de 12 de junio de 1994 al Parlamento Andaluz". Revista de Derecho Político (in Spanish). 1996.
  3. "El PSOE necesitará el apoyo de Izquierda Unida para poder gobernar en Andalucía". El Mundo (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  4. "Los socialistas ganarán las elecciones en Andalucía". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  5. "El PP gana las europeas por seis puntos y el PSOE pierde la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  6. "Cualquier coalición será posible para formar Gobierno en Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  7. "Metra-Seis atribuye de 41 a 46 escaños al PSOE y de 35 a 39 al PP". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  8. "La última encuesta del CIS confirma que el PSOE perderá la mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 3 June 1994.
  9. "El PSOE perderá votos en toda Andalucía pero podrá gobernar si le apoyan los andalucistas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 16 May 1994.
  10. "El PSOE echa el resto en Andalucía para salvar la mayoría absoluta que le arrebatan las encuestas". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 27 May 1994.
  11. "Una encuesta del CIS confirma la pérdida de la mayoría absoluta del PSOE y la subida de PP e IU-CA". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 21 May 1994.
  12. "El PSOE volverá a ganar en Andalucía, pero el PP acorta distancias y se sitúa a sólo tres puntos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 1994.
  13. "Una encuesta realizada por el PSOE refleja que los socialistas perderían la mayoría absoluta". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 7 April 1994.
  14. "El PP maneja un sondeo que le concede un máximo de 41 escaños y al PSOE hasta 53 diputados". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 7 March 1994.
  15. "Una encuesta para el PP prevé la pérdida de la mayoría absoluta del PSOE en el Parlamento de Andalucía". ABC (in Spanish). 15 December 1993.
  16. "El PSOE perdería la mayoría absoluta, según una encuesta del PP". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 15 December 1993.
Other
  1. "Ley Orgánica 6/1981, de 30 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Andalucía". Organic Law No. 2 of 30 December 1981. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  2. "Ley 1/1986, de 2 de enero, Electoral de Andalucía". Law No. 1 of 2 January 1986. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  3. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  4. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  5. "Ley 6/1983, de 21 de Julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma". Law No. 6 of 21 July 1983. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  6. "Ley 1/1990, de 30 de enero, por la que se modifica la Ley 6/1983, de 21 de julio, del Gobierno y la Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma". Law No. 1 of 30 January 1990. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  7. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Andalucía (1982 - 2018)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  8. "Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. June 1994. Andalusia totals". juntadeandalucia.es (in Spanish). Regional Government of Andalusia. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  9. "Parliament of Andalusia election results, 12 June 1994" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 9 July 1994. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.