Belgian heraldry

Belgian Heraldry is the form of coats of arms and other heraldic bearings and insignia used in the Kingdom of Belgium and the Belgian colonial empire but also in the historical territories that make up modern-day Belgium. Today, coats of arms in Belgium are regulated and granted by different bodies depending on the nature, status, and location of the armiger.

This article is about the form of heraldry used in Belgium. For the country's own coat of arms, see Coat of arms of Belgium.
Brabantian Lion carried by Floris de Merode, Baron of Leefdael during the Funeral of Albert VII. This emblem of the dukes of Brabant is now the coat of arms of Belgium.
18th century roll of arms of members of the Drapery Court of Brussels.

Characteristics

The characteristic of Belgian heraldry are similar to varying degrees to those of its neighbouring countries' (France, Netherlands, Germany).

Helms
Main article: Helmet (heraldry)

In Belgium, barred helms are most commonly used, and are not reserved for the nobility like in some jurisdictions. They most often have gold bars, as well as a gold collar and trim. They are often lined and attached to the escutcheon with a shield strap.[1]

  • Barred helm with gold bars, collar, and trim.
  • All silver barred helm.
  • Jousting or tourney helms are sometimes also used, but are rarer. They are the only alternative accepted by the Council of Heraldry and Vexillology to the barred helmet.[2]

Mottos

A distinct characteristic that isn't found in anglo-saxon heraldry is that the motto, motto scroll and letters thereon are blazoned.

History
Belgian heraldry in the 16th century, displayed on the roll of arms of the knights of the Golden Fleece. Made in the first half of the 16th century.[3]

Terminology

Like English and some other countries' heraldry, achievements of arms are usually blazoned in a specialized jargon.

Tinctures
English Or Argent Azure Gules Vert Purpure Sable Ermine Vair
French Or Argent Azur Gueules Sinople Pourpre Sable Hermine Vair
Dutch Goud/Or
 Zilver/Argent
 Azuur/Lazuur
(Blauw)		 Keel
(Rood)		 Sinopel
(Groen)		 Purper
 Sabel
(Zwart)		 Hermelijn
 Vair
Ordinaries
English Pale Fess Bend Bend sinister Cross Saltire Chevron Bordure
French Pal Fasce Bande Barre Croix Sautoir Chevron Bordure
Dutch Paal Dwarsbalk Schuinbalk Linker schuinbalk
or baar		 Kruis Schuinkruis
or andrieskruis		 Keper Schildzoom
Division
of the field
English Party per fess Party per pale Party per bend Party per
bend sinister		 Quarterly Party per saltire
French Coupé Parti Tranché Taillé Écartelé En sautoir
Dutch Doorsneden Gedeeld Geschuind Linksgeschuind Gevierendeeld
(in vier kwartieren)		 Schuin gevierendeeld

Civic heraldry

National arms
Main article: Coat of arms of Belgium
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Belgium
Adopted
17 March 1837
Coronet
Royal Crown of Belgium
Crest
A helmet with raised visor or
Escutcheon
Sable, a lion rampant or, armed and langued Gules
Supporters
Two lions guardant proper each supporting a lance Gules point or with two National Flags of Belgium (Tierced per pale Sable, or and Gules).
Compartment
Underneath the compartment is placed the ribbon Gules with two stripes Sable charged with the motto
Motto
L'union fait la force
Orders
The grand collar of the Order of Leopold
Other elements
Two crossed sceptres (a hand of justice and a lion) or behind a shield. The whole is placed on a mantle Gules with ermine lining, fringes and tassels Or and ensigned with the Royal Crown of Belgium. Above the mantle rise banners with the arms of the nine provinces that constituted Belgium in 1837. They are (from dexter to sinister) Antwerp, West Flanders, East Flanders, Liège, Brabant, Hainaut, Limburg, Luxembourg and Namur

Other versions
  • Middle version
  • Lesser or State coat of arms
  • Escutcheon and crown

Communities, regions, and language areas

Provinces

Municipal heraldry

Municipal heraldry is regulated through the competent council of the community in question, which are the Council of Heraldry and Vexillology for the French Community and the Flemish Heraldic Council for the Flemish Community.[4][5]

Colonial heraldry

Royal heraldry

A Royal Decree published on 19 July 2019 and signed on the same day, by King Philippe, reinstated the Saxonian escutcheon in all the royal versions of the family's coat of arms.[6][7] The reinstatement of the shield of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha into the royal arms occurred shortly after the visit of King Philippe and Queen Mathilde to the ancestral Friedenstein Castle.[8] The king also added translations of the motto into the three official languages of Belgium, to reflect his wish "to be the King of the whole Kingdom and of all Belgians".[9] The latest royal decree therefore reverses previous changes made to the Royal versions of the coat arms which removed the armorial bearings of Saxony during the First World War.

Coats of arms of the King
Coats of arms of the Royal family
  • Coat of arms of a former king, used by Albert II
  • Coat of arms of a former queen regnant
  • Coat of arms of the Duke of Brabant
  • Coat of arms of the Duchess of Brabant, used by Princess Elisabeth
  • Coat of arms of a prince of Belgium
  • Coat of arms of a princess of Belgium
  • Coat of arms of a prince of the royal house
  • Coat of arms of a princess of the royal house
  • Coat of arms of the Royal House of Belgium
  • Lesser arms of the Royal House of Belgium

Individuals and families

Like civic arms, arms of non-noble individuals and families (in the form of family associations) are regulated by the competent council of the community in question.[4] These are the Council of Heraldry and Vexillology for the French Community[10] and the Flemish Heraldic Council for the Flemish Community.[4] Today, both councils grant a helm with torse and mantling as well as a motto as additaments of the shield. The additaments reserved for the nobility, such as crowned helmets (i.e. crest coronets) and rank crowns (coronets), supporters, banners and battle cries, mantles and pavilions, are prohibited.[4]

Before that, the Genealogical and Heraldic Office of Belgium recorded the arms of persons and families.[4]

Nobility

Arms of the Belgian nobility are regulated by the Council of Nobility.[4]

Coronets rankings

King

Crown prince

Prince

Duke

Marquess

Count

Viscount

Baron

Knight

Squire

Bibliography

Heraldic laws and customs in Belgium
  • L. Arendt et A. De Ridder, La législation héraldique de la Belgique, Brussels, 1896.
  • chevalier Braas, La législation nobiliaire en Belgique, Brussels, 1960.
  • Claude Chaussier, Le droit ancien et actuel des armoiries non nobles en Belgique, Brussels: Éditions du S.C.G.D., 1980.
  • Jean-Baptiste Christyn, Jurisprudentia Heroica, Brussels, 1668 and 1689.
  • Georges Dansaert, ″L'Art Héraldique et ses diverses applications″, in: Nouvel armorial belge, Brussels, 1949, pp. 113–119.
  • Georges Dansaert, ″Du droit de propriété des armoiries et de ses conséquences″, in: Nouvel armorial belge, Brussels, 1949, pp. 7–110.
  • Lucien Fourez, Le droit héraldique dans les Pays-Bas catholiques, Brussels, 1932.
  • Octave le Maire, "Diplômes d'armoiries bourgeoises conférées par le roi Guillaume", in: L'Intermédiaire des généalogistes, Brussels, n° 91, 1961, pp. 34–36.
  • Pierre Nisot, Le droit des armoiries. Essai de systématisation et de construction théorique, préface de M. C. Terlinden, professeur à l'Université de Louvain, membre du Conseil héraldique de Belgique, membre de la Commission royale d'histoire, Brussels : P. Dyckmans, 1924.
  • Jean Scohier, L'Estat et comportement des armes, Brussels, 1597.
  • PANTENS, Chr., Le cri en héraldique, in: Le Parchemin, 58, 1993, n° 285, p. 171-184.
  • VAN ORMELINGEN, J.-J., De toekenning van het adellijk wapen, in: Le Droit nobiliaire et le Conseil héraldique (1844-1994), Brussels, 1994, p. 139-169.
  • DE MOFFARTS D'HOUCHENÉE, baron St., L'écartelé, mode de rappel, dans les armoiries concédées, d'armoiries d'une autre famille, in: Le Droit nobiliaire et le Conseil héraldique (1844-1994), Brussels, 1994, p. 221-234.
  • HOUTART, J.-F. (ed.), Florilegium Heraldicae Belgicae (Fédération généalogique et héraldique de Belgique, Cahier 4), Brussels, 2004.
  • VAN ORMELINGEN, J.-J., Enregistrement officiel d'armoiries en Belgique, in: A. VANDEWALLE, L. VIAENE-AWOUTERS & L. DUERLOO (eds.), Genealogica & Heraldica. Handelingen van het XXVI Internationaal Congres voor Genealogische en Heraldische Wetenschappen, Brussel/Bruxelles, 2006, p. 427-436 (cf. VAN ORMELINGEN, J.-J., L'enregistrement officiel des armoiries en Belgique, in: Bulletin de l'Association de la noblesse du Royaume de Belgique, n° 246, avril 2006, p. 3-14).
  • Jules Bosmans, Traité d'héraldique belge, 1890.

Individuals and families
  • P. Bohet et H. Willems, Armorial belge, Brussels, 1965.
  • Damien Breuls de Tiecken, Armorial bruxellois, Brussels, 2009.
  • Georges Dansaert, Armorial belge du bibliophile (same with viscount de Jonghe d'Ardoye and J. Havenith), Brussels, 1930.
  • Georges Dansaert, Nouvel armorial belge, ancien et moderne, précédé de l'art héraldique et ses diverses applications, Brussels : Éditions J. Moorthamers, 1949.
  • Georges de Crayencour, Dictionnaire Héraldique, tous les termes et figures du blason, Brussels : G. de Crayencour, 1974 (first edition).
  • Armorial héraldique vivante, in: Le Parchemin, Genealogical and Heraldic Office of Belgium, 2003.
  • Jan van Helmont, Dictionnaire de Renesse. Lexique héraldique illustré, Louvain, 1994.
  • Jean-Paul Springael, Armoiries de personnes physiques et d'association familiale en communauté française, edited by the direction of the Patrimoine culturel
  • Carnet Mondain
  • État présent de la noblesse belge [fr; nl]

Municipalities
  • Lieve Viaene-Awouters and Ernest Warlop, Armoiries communales en Belgique, Communes wallonnes, bruxelloises et germanophones, 2002, 2 volumes.

See also

Notes and references
  1. Council of Heraldry and Vexillology handbook (Read online)
  2. Council of Heraldry and Vexillology handbook (Read online)
  3. "Wapenrol van de ridders van het Gulden Vlies (fragment)". lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 2020-08-27.
  4. "Héraldique en Belgique | Association Royale Office Généalogique et Héraldique de Belgique". oghb.be. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  5. "LES MIROIRS DE L'IDENTITE COMMUNALE MODE D'EMPLOI ILS SONT SEPT A VEILLER SUR NOS ARMOIRIES". Le Soir (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  6. "Royal Decree of July 12, 2019". Moniteur Belge. July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  7. Boffey, Daniel (August 2, 2019). "Saxe appeal: king of Belgium reintroduces German lineage" – via www.theguardian.com.
  8. Ilse, Jess (2019-07-13). "King Philippe and Queen Mathilde visit ancestral castles during visit to German states". Royal Central. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  9. "Belgian royal coat of arms gets a 'modern' update". Brussel Times. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  10. Libre.be, La (2003-10-16). "Des armoiries pour 150 euros". www.lalibre.be (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-17.
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