Centered octagonal number
A centered octagonal number is a centered figurate number that represents an octagon with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in successive octagonal layers.[1] The centered octagonal numbers are the same as the odd square numbers.[2] Thus, the nth odd square number and tth centered octagonal number is given by the formula

The first few centered octagonal numbers are[2]
Calculating Ramanujan's tau function on a centered octagonal number yields an odd number, whereas for any other number the function yields an even number.[2]
See also
References
- Teo, Boon K.; Sloane, N. J. A. (1985), "Magic numbers in polygonal and polyhedral clusters" (PDF), Inorganic Chemistry, 24 (26): 4545–4558, doi:10.1021/ic00220a025.
- Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A016754 (Odd squares: (2n-1)^2. Also centered octagonal numbers.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
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