City Hunter

City Hunter (Japanese: シティーハンター, Hepburn: Shitī Hantā) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukasa Hojo. It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1985 to 1991 and collected into 35 tankōbon volumes by its publisher Shueisha. The manga was adapted into an anime television series by Sunrise Studios in 1987. The anime series was popular in numerous Asian and European countries.

This article is about the manga and anime series. For the 1993 Hong Kong film, see City Hunter (film). For the 2011 Korean TV series, see City Hunter (TV series).
City Hunter
Cover of the first tankōbon volume as released in Japan by Shueisha, featuring Ryo Saeba and Kaori Makimura.
シティーハンター
(Shitī Hantā)
GenreAction, detective comedy[1]
Manga
Written byTsukasa Hojo
Published byShueisha
English publisher
Gutsoon! Entertainment (Incomplete, defunct)
ImprintJump Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Jump
English magazine
DemographicShōnen
Original runFebruary 26, 1985 – November 19, 1991
Volumes35
Anime television series
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Original networkYomiuri TV
English network
Original run April 6, 1987 – March 28, 1988
Episodes51
Anime television series
City Hunter 2
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
Original networkYomiuri TV
English network
Animax
Original run April 2, 1988 – July 14, 1989
Episodes63
Anime film
.357 Magnum
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
ReleasedJune 17, 1989
Runtime87 minutes
Anime television series
City Hunter 3
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
Original networkYomiuri TV
English network
Animax
Original run October 15, 1989 – January 21, 1990
Episodes13
Anime film
Bay City Wars
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
ReleasedAugust 25, 1990
Runtime45 minutes
Anime film
Million Dollar Conspiracy
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
ReleasedAugust 25, 1990
Runtime43 minutes
Anime television series
City Hunter '91
Directed byKiyoshi Egami
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
Original networkNippon TV
English network
Animax
Original run April 28, 1991 – October 10, 1991
Episodes13
Anime television film
The Secret Service
Directed byKenji Kodama
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
Original networkNippon TV
English network
Anime Network
ReleasedJanuary 5, 1996
Runtime90 minutes
Anime television film
Goodbye My Sweetheart
Directed byKazuo Yamazaki
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
Original networkNippon TV
ReleasedApril 25, 1997
Runtime88 minutes
Anime television film
Death of the Vicious Criminal Ryo Saeba
Directed byMasaharu Okuwaki
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
Original networkNippon TV
ReleasedApril 23, 1999
Runtime91 minutes
Anime film
The Movie: Shinjuku Private Eyes
Directed byKenji Kodama
Written byYoichi Kato
Music byTaku Iwasaki
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Discotek Media
ReleasedFebruary 8, 2019 (2019-02-08)
Runtime95 minutes
Adaptations and spin-offs

City Hunter spawned a media franchise consisting of numerous adaptations and spin-offs from several countries. The franchise includes four anime television series, three anime television specials, two original video animations, several animated feature films (including a film released in February 2019), several live-action films (including a Hong Kong film starring Jackie Chan, and a French film), video games, and a live-action Korean TV drama. It also had a spin-off manga, Angel Heart, which in turn spawned its own anime television series and a live-action Japanese TV drama.

Plot

The series follows the exploits of Ryo Saeba, a "sweeper" who is always found chasing beautiful girls and a private detective who works to rid Tokyo of crime, along with his associate or partner, Hideyuki Makimura. Their "City Hunter" business is an underground jack-of-all-trades operation, contacted by writing the letters "XYZ" on a blackboard at Shinjuku Station.

One day, Hideyuki is murdered, and Ryo must take care of Hideyuki's sister, Kaori, a tomboy who becomes his new partner in the process. However, Kaori is very susceptible and jealous, often hitting Ryo with a giant hammer when he does something perverted. The story also follows the behind-the-scenes romance between Ryo and Kaori and the way they cooperate throughout each mission.

Characters
Ryo Saeba (冴羽 獠, Saeba Ryō)
Voiced by: Akira Kamiya (Japanese); Martin Blacker; Stephen Fu (English)
Ryo is the main protagonist of the series. At the age of three, Ryo was the only survivor of a plane crash in Central America. He was raised as a guerilla fighter and has no knowledge of his prior identity. After the war, Ryo makes his way to the United States, before eventually moving to Tokyo.[2]
In Japan, he forms the "City Hunter" team with Hideyuki Makimura, but after Hideyuki's death, Kaori takes his place as Ryo's new partner. A highly skilled gunman, Ryo is known for executing the "one-hole shot", a series of shots that all land in exactly the same spot on the target. His preferred weapon is the Colt Python .357 Magnum.
Ryo invented the nickname Umibozu for his fellow colleague Hayato Ijuin, and he answered giving Ryo his own, "The Stallion of Shinjuku" (新宿の種馬, Shinjuku no　Taneuma) (an ironic name, because Ryo is a real pervert who tries to hit on any beautiful woman he meets or sees, failing every time). Ryo is an accomplished marksman with revolvers, semiautomatic guns, machine-pistols, rifles, carbines and crossbows; he knows hand-to-hand combat very well and drives as a real daredevil when needed; his car is a Mini.
Kaori Makimura (槇村 香, Makimura Kaori)
Voiced by: Kazue Ikura (Japanese); Pamela Ribon; Morgan Garrett (English)
Kaori is Ryo Saeba's partner. She is primarily responsible for arranging clients and other managerial tasks. Ryo's skirt-chasing rouses her ire more than once. Though the partners frequently pick on fights or arguments, they actually form a great team together. She is the adoptive Hideyuki's sister, her real name being Kaori Hisaishi (久石 香, Hisaishi Kaori).
Hideyuki Makimura (槇村 秀幸, Makimura Hideyuki)
Voiced by: Hideyuki Tanaka
Hideyuki is Kaori's older brother and Ryo's partner at the beginning of the series. Kaori is not related to him by blood, his father had adopted her when she was a child. He's a former police detective with a strong sense of justice. Kaori become Ryo's partner and takes over her brother's role after he is murdered by gangsters. His last wish before he died was for Ryo to take care of his sister.
Umibōzu (海坊主)
Voiced by: Tesshō Genda (Japanese); Lou Perryman; Chris Rager (English)
Umibōzu is another "sweeper" working the rounds in Tokyo. Umibozu is a Special Forces enemy of Ryo's from the Central America conflict. Despite being on opposing forces, the two develop a friendship and mutual respect. Between his jobs, Umibozu works as waiter at the Cat's Eye cafe, owned by Miki, his former fellow soldier and lover.[2] He goes by the professional name Falcon (ファルコン, Farukon) and his real name is Hayato Ijuin (伊集院 隼人, Ijūin Hayato); the type haya in his name can also be read hayabusa (falcon in Japanese), hence his professional name; the nickname Umibōzu was given by Ryo. His favorite weapons are the S&W M29 .44 Magnum six-inch revolver, the Saco-Defense M60 machine-gun (sometimes he uses the M249) and the M1A6 bazooka. Despite his fearsome appearance he has a phobia of kittens, he's very shy with women and much more unselfish than Ryo. his sight is very low because a fight he had with Ryo in Central America, when Ryo was a guerrilla fighter and Umibozu was a mercenary; since then, Umibozu wants a duel with Ryo to close that story; during the series, his sight will end forever and he'll have to learn how to use the other four senses to move and fight; however, he decides to not retire before finishing their matter. Later Shin Kaibara, Ryo's adoptive father and former guerrilla fighter who became a drug lord, comes in Japan; his drug was tested on Ryo during his youth, causing him to attack Umibozu and his unit; when Umibozu learns this from Bloody Mary, a Ryo's old acquaintance and daughter of the other Ryo's fatherly figure in the jungle, he joins Ryo and Kaori against Kaibara. During the last story arc he marries Miki, but she's shot by enemy soldiers deployed by a new enemy of Ryo; Umibozu enters the firefight trusting Miki won't die.
The Umibōzu is a yokai (spirit) from Japanese folklore; he's said to turn ships upside down if someone aboard talks to him; he is portrayed bald as a bōzu (buddhist monk); the character umi means sea.
Saeko Nogami (野上 冴子, Nogami Saeko)
Voiced by: Yōko Asagami (Japanese); Jana Brockman; Marissa Lenti (English)
Saeko is a Tokyo police detective and Reika's sister who often outsources certain tasks to the City Hunter team. Ryo keeps a long and detailed list where Saeko owes him for the various favours he's done for her, which she always manages to avoid.
Reika Nogami (野上 麗香, Nogami Reika)
Voiced by: Yoshino Takamori
Reika is Saeko's sister.

Media

Manga
Main article: List of City Hunter chapters
See also: Angel Heart (manga)

The series ran in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1985's 13th issue until 1990.[3][4] The series was printed in 35 collected volumes by Shueisha under the Jump Comics range between January 15, 1986 and April 15, 1992.[5][6] In these volumes the series is grouped into 55 different stories or "episodes" instead of as their original individual chapters. Each story is centred on a different female character or "heroine".[7][8] The series was an 18 volume edition by Shueisha from June 18, 1996 to October 17, 1997.[9][10] A third edition of 32 volumes was published by Tokuma Shoten from December 16, 2003 to April 15, 2005.[11][12] To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the series, a fourth edition City Hunter XYZ edition is being published by Tokuma Shoten across Twelve volumes.[13] The first volume was published on July 18, 2015.[14] The eighth volume was published on October 20, 2015.[15]

Takehiko Inoue was an assistant on the series.[16]

Attempts were made to license the series for the American comic market during the 1980s; however, Hojo insisted the manga should be released in the right-to-left format. In 2002 Coamix created an American subsidiary, Gutsoon! Entertainment. City Hunter was a flagship title in their Raijin Comics Anthology. Raijin switched from a weekly format to a monthly format before being cancelled after 46 issues.[17]

The series is currently available to read in Japanese as an iPhone application by Rainbow Apps.[18]

In 2001, Hojo started a spin-off series titled Angel Heart. The series takes place in a universe parallel to City Hunter, where the character of Kaori Makimura is killed and her heart transplanted into Xiang-Ying, Angel Heart's protagonist.

A spin-off manga titled Kyō Kara City Hunter was launched July 25, 2017 in Tokuma Shoten's Monthly Comic Zenon magazine. It is centered around a 40-year-old unmarried woman who is a fan of Ryō Saeba and the City Hunter manga, and suddenly dies in a train accident and is reincarnated into the world of City Hunter.[1]

Anime
See also: List of City Hunter episodes

The series was adapted into an anime series produced by Sunrise, directed by Kanetsugu Kodama and broadcast by Yomiuri Television.[19] City Hunter was broadcast for 51 episodes between April 6, 1987 and March 28, 1988 and released on 10 VHS cassettes between December 1987 and July 1988.[20][21] City Hunter 2 was broadcast for 63 episodes between April 8 and July 14 and released on 10 VHS cassettes between August 1988 and March 1990.[20][21] City Hunter 3 was broadcast for 13 episodes from October 15, 1989 to January 21, 1990 and released on 6 VHS cassettes between November 1990 and April 1991.[20][21] City Hunter '91 was broadcast between April 28 and October 10, 1991 and released on 6 VHS cassettes between February and July 1992.[20][21] The series was later reissued as 20 video compilations.[19]

A 32-disc DVD boxset, City Hunter Complete, was published by Aniplex and released in Japan on August 31, 2005. The set contained all four series, the TV specials and animated movies as well as an art book and figures of Ryo and Kaori.[22] 26 of the discs comprising the four series were then released individually between December 19, 2007 and August 27, 2008.[23] 30,000 box sets were sold, grossing ¥3 billion ($38 million ), in Japan.[24]

The series was licensed by ADV Films for release in North America. The first City Hunter series was released on the ADV Fansubs label in March 2000. The aim of this label was to provide cheaper subtitled-only VHS releases at a faster pace than usual.[25] The series was scheduled for 13 tapes, consisting of four episodes each. The tapes could be ordered individually or as a subscription service.[26]

ADV later released the series on DVD. The first series was released as two boxsets of 5 discs on July 29, 2003.[27][28] City Hunter 2 was released as another two boxsets of five discs on October 28, and November 18, 2003.[29][30] City Hunter 3 was released as a single boxset on December 2, 2003 and City Hunter '91 was released on December 16, 2003.[31][32]

For the 30th anniversary of the original manga, buyers of all 12 volumes of City Hunter XYZ edition were entitled receive a "motion graphic anime" DVD. The DVDe adapted a special Angel Heart chapter entitled Ryo's proposal and was voiced by the original City Hunter cast.[33] On April 20, 2019, Discotek Media announced that they have licensed the entire City Hunter animated franchise, including the 2019 movie, Shinjuku Private Eyes.[34] The first 26 episodes will be released February 25, 2020.[35]

Theatrical movies

Three theatrical movies were released in 1989 and 1990: .357 Magnum was released on June 17, 1989, Bay City Wars was released on August 25, 1990 and Million Dollar Conspiracy was released on August 25, 1990.[20]

ADV Films released a DVD containing Bay City Wars and Million Dollar Conspiracy as well as a bonus television episode on June 3, 2003.[36]

A new theatrical movie produced by Aniplex that is set in present-day Shinjuku titled City Hunter the Movie: Shinjuku Private Eyes premiered in Japan on February 8, 2019, after Sunrise and Kenji Kodama returned to animate and direct the film, respectively.[37] The Kisugi sisters of Cat's Eye appeared in the film as a crossover.[38] Teruo Satoh and Takahiko Kyōgoku served as episode directors, while Kumiko Takahashi designed the characters and Taku Iwasaki composed the music.[39] The film debuted #4 at the Japanese box office,[40] where it has grossed ¥1,404,747,320 ($12.16 million ) as of 17 March 2019.[41] The film earned ¥1,502,665,440 ($13,784,657) by April 15, 2019, in two months since its release, becoming the third top-grossing Japanese anime film of 2019 up until then,[42] and it had grossed ¥1.53 billion ($14 million ) in Japan by the end of 2019.[43] Shinjuku Private Eyes was released in France on 13 June 2019. Philippe Lacheau, the director and star of the French live-action film adaptation Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon, was involved with the French distribution of Shinjuku Private Eyes.[44] Discotek Media premiered the English dub of the movie at Otakon 2019.[45]

Television movies

Three television movies were produced: Secret Service was broadcast on January 5, 1996 which was followed by Goodbye My Sweetheart on April 25, 1997 and The Death of Vicious Criminal Saeba Ryo on April 23, 1999.[20]

ADV Films released Goodbye, My Sweetheart as City Hunter: The Motion Picture in North America as their first release from the franchise.[46]

Hong Kong films
Further information: City Hunter (film) and Saviour of the Soul

In 1993, a live-action Hong Kong theatrical adaptation of the series was released. The film was directed by Wong Jing and starred Jackie Chan as Ryo Saeba, Wang Zuxian as Kaori, and Japanese idol Kumiko Goto.[19][47] During filming of the movie, Chan dislocated his shoulder.[48] The movie has been criticised by Chan.[49] Fortune Star and 20th Century Fox later released it on R1 DVD along with other budget classic HK films.

Saviour of the Soul (九一神鵰俠侶 Gauyat sandiu haplui) is a live-action Hong Kong film from 1991 that uses the characters from City Hunter but changes the plot.[49] In 1996, Mr. Mumble kept the concept of City Hunter but changed the characters' names.[49]

Chinese film

A new Chinese film based on City Hunter is also in development. It was announced in 2016 that it would be directed by Hong Kong filmmaker Stanley Tong and is set to star Chinese actor Huang Xiaoming as Ryo Saeba.[50][51]

French film
Main article: Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon

A separate French action-comedy film Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon (lit. "Nicky Larson and Cupid's Perfume") was released in France on February 6, 2019.[52] The French adaptation has Philippe Lacheau as director as well as the star, playing the title character Nicky Larson (as Ryo Saeba is known in the French dubs of the anime series). Elodie Fontan appears beside Lacheau as Laura Marconi (Kaori Makimura), while Tarek Boudali, Julien Arruti, and Didier Bourdon also appear in the film as per its initial promotional material.[53][54][55] Pamela Anderson also appears in the film.[56]

Television series
Further information: City Hunter (TV series)
See also: Angel Heart (2015 TV series)

A planned live-action television series of City Hunter was announced in 2008, to be produced and distributed by Fox Television Studios and South Korean media company SSD.[57]

Jung Woo-sung, was scheduled to play Ryo alongside Hollywood-based stars, with location filming in Seoul and Tokyo.[58] In 2011, the series was adapted into a Korean television series of the same name by SBS, starring Lee Min-ho and Park Min-young.[59] The series is available to watch with English subtitles on the streaming service Hulu.[60]

In 2014, there was a Chinese television series based on City Hunter, with the title 城市猎人 (Cheng Shi Lie Ren).[61] In 2015, the spin-off manga Angel Heart received its own live-action Japanese TV drama adaptation.

Video games

City Hunter was released by Sunsoft for the PC Engine in March 1990.[62]

Ryo appears as a playable character in the fighting game Jump Force.[63]

Reception

Manga

By 2016, the City Hunter manga series had sold over 50 million tankobon volumes worldwide.[51] In addition, the series was circulated in an estimated 900 million copies of Weekly Shōnen Jump manga magazine between 1985 and 1991, with those Jump issues generating an estimated $2 billion .[lower-alpha 1] The series was voted the 19th "Most Powerful" series to have featured in Shonen Jump.[64]

In Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson described the manga stories as "well told and entertaining".[65] Writing for Mania.com, Eduardo M. Chavez describes the series as "funny, sexy, action packed and at times just plain whacked" and praises the mix of action and comedy.[66] Patrick King of Animefringe described the series as "not the most intellectually stimulating piece of fiction I've experienced lately" but called it "a blast to read".[67]

Anime

In a 2005 poll held by TV Asahi, City Hunter was voted #66 out of the 100 most popular animated TV series, as voted by TV viewers. A TV Asahi web-poll put City Hunter at #65.[68][69]

The characters Ryo and Kaori proved popular with fans. In the reader voted Animage Anime Grand Prix Saeba Ryo was voted second in the Best Male Character section in 1988.[70] In 1989, 1990 and 1991 he was first place.[71][72][73] In 1992 he was voted sixth place.[74] Kaori Makamura was voted fifteenth in the best Female Character category in 1988 before climbing to eighth in 1989.[70][71] Kaori then placed fifth in 1990 before falling to sixth and eleventh in 1991 and 1992 respectively.[72][73][74]

The Motion Picture has been praised for the quality of its English dub but criticised for changing the characters names.[75]

The first anime ending theme, "Get Wild" by TM Network, and a later 1989 remix, sold a combined 515,010 singles in Japan.[76] The anime series was also popular in France, where it was dubbed as Nicky Larson and 140 episodes aired in the early 1990s.[77]

Box office
Film Format Country Year Box office gross revenue
Japan Hong Kong France Other territories
Saviour of the Soul Live action Hong Kong 1991 N/A HK$36,476,495 N/A N/A
City Hunter Live action Hong Kong 1993 ¥1,473,000,000[78][79] HK$30,762,782[80] N/A $5,581,174[lower-alpha 2]
Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon Live action France 2019 ¥144,586,600 [84] N/A $12,898,742[85] $482,128[85]
City Hunter: Shinjuku Private Eyes Anime Japan 2019 ¥1,500,000,000 [43] N/A Un­known $1,754[86]
Regional total ¥3,117,586,600 ($33,547,526) HK$67,239,277 (US$8,700,735)[87] $12,898,742+ $6,065,056
Worldwide total $61,018,873+

Legacy

A replica of Kaori's "100-ton hammer" raised ¥1.832 million ($17,150) on Yahoo Auctions in 2007. It was the biggest selling charity item of the year for the service.[88]

In 2012, the characters of Ryo, Kaori and Umibozu appeared in a video for the virtual musician Mana. Mana is a collaboration between Hojo and Tetsuya Komuro of TM Network.[89]

The cover for the 2015 Chris Brown single "Zero" was allegedly copied from one of Hojo's City Hunter sketches.[90]

Notes
  1. See Weekly Shōnen Jump § Circulation figures
  2. City Hunter (1993 film) box office in other territories:
    • Taiwan – NT$46,360,950[81] (US$1,861,174)[82]
    • South Korea – $3,720,000[83]

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