Crabronidae

The Crabronidae are a large paraphyletic group (nominally a family) of wasps, including nearly all of the species formerly comprising the now-defunct superfamily Sphecoidea. It collectively includes well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species. Crabronids were originally a part of Sphecidae, but the latter name is now restricted to a separate family based on what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. Several of the subfamilies of Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies (example below).

Crabronidae
Tachysphex sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Apoidea
Family: Crabronidae
Latreille, 1802
Subfamilies

Astatinae
Bembicinae
Crabroninae
Mellininae
Pemphredoninae
Philanthinae

Astata sp. male
Cerceris sp. male
Sand wasp in its habitat, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Phylogeny

This phylogenetic tree is based on Sann et al., 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined.[1] These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae."[2][3] Only three of these lineages were not included within Crabronidae in the past: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, and Anthophila.

Apoidea
 

Ampulicidae

 
 
 

Astatidae

 
 
 
 

Bembicidae

 
 
 

Sphecidae (sensu stricto)

 
 
 
 

Crabronidae (sensu stricto)

 
 

Mellinidae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Pemphredonidae

 
 

Philanthidae

 
 
 
 

Psenidae

 
 
 
 

Ammoplanidae

 
 

Anthophila (bees)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Subgroups

Life cycle
  • Trypoxylon collinum larva
  • Trypoxylon collinum pupa
  • Trypoxylon collinum adult


See also

References
  1. Sann, Manuela; Niehuis, Oliver; Peters, Ralph S.; Mayer, Christoph; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Bank, Sarah; Meusemann, Karen; Misof, Bernhard; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ohl, Michael (2018). "Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8. PMC 5960199. PMID 29776336.
  2. Branstetter, Michael G.; Danforth, Bryan N.; Pitts, James P.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Ward, Philip S.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R.; Brady, Seán G. (2017). "Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1019–1025. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027. PMID 28376325.
  3. Peters, Ralph S.; Krogmann, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Donath, Alexander; Gunkel, Simon; Meusemann, Karen; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Petersen, Malte (2017). "Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1013–1018. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027. PMID 28343967.

Sources


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