Cratoxylum cochinchinense

Cratoxylum cochinchinense (or Cratoxylon cochinsinensis (Lour.) Blume, an orthographic variant often still used in Vietnam, where the species was described[5]) is a plant now placed in the family Hypericaceae. The specific epithet cochinchinense is from the Latin meaning "of Cochinchina".[3] In Vietnamese C. cochinchinense is usually called thành ngạch nam[5] or lành ngạnh nam, other names include: hoàng ngưu mộc, hoàng ngưu trà and đỏ ngọn.

Cratoxylum cochinchinense
Dehiscent seed capsules, leaves and trunk: Cat Tien National Park specimen
Characteristic trunk of young tree (with epiphytic orchids)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Hypericaceae
Genus: Cratoxylum
Species:
C. cochinchinense
Binomial name
Cratoxylum cochinchinense
Synonyms[2][3][4]

Ancistrolobus ligustrinus Spach
Cratoxylum biflorum (Lam.) Turcz.
Cratoxylum chinense (Hance) Merr.
Cratoxylum hypoleuca Elmer
Cratoxylum lanceolatum Miq.
Cratoxylum ligustrinum (Spach) Blume
Cratoxylum myrtifolium Blume
Cratoxylum petiolatum Blume
Cratoxylum polyanthum Korth.
Cratoxylum polyanthum var. ligustrinum Blume
Cratoxylum polyanthum var. ligustrinum (Spach) Dyer
Cratoxylum wightii Blume
Elodea chinensis Hance
Elodes chinensis Hance
Hypericum biflorum Lam.
Hypericum cochinchinense Lour.
Oxycarpus cochinchinensis Lour.
Stalagmites erosipetala Miq.

In Malesia the trees are cut for derum timber.[1]

Description

Cratoxylum cochinchinense grows as a shrub or tree, typically measuring 10-15 metres (49 ft) tall with a diameter of up to 0.65 metres (2 ft 2 in). The brown bark is smooth to flaky, with characteristic lateral pegs which are the remnants of previous leaf clusters (see illustration); leaf undersides are glaucous.[5] The flowers are crimson red, which develop into seed capsules measuring up to 12 mm (0.5 in) long.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Cratoxylum cochinchinense grows naturally from southern China to Borneo. Its habitat is sub-tropical and tropical forests, including kerangas forests and peat swamps.[3]

References
  1. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Cratoxylum cochinchinense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T33936A9823214. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33936A9823214.en.
  2. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". The Plant List. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  3. Wong, K. M. (1995). "Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume". In Soepadmo, E.; Wong, K. M. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 222, 223–224. ISBN 983-9592-34-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  4. "Cratoxylum cochinchinense". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  5. Phạm Hoàng Hộ (1999) Cây Cỏ Việt Nam: an Illustrated Flora of Vietnam vol. I publ. Nhà Xuẩt Bản Trẻ, HCMC, VN
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