Double-lined mackerel

The double-lined mackerel (Grammatorcynus bilineatus), is a species of Spanish mackerel (tribe Scomberomorini) in the family Scombridae.[2][3] This species is sometimes also called the scad mackerel.[2]

Double-lined mackerel
Drawing of Grammatorcynus bilineatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scombriformes
Family: Scombridae
Genus: Grammatorcynus
Species:
G. bilineatus
Binomial name
Grammatorcynus bilineatus
(Rüppell, 1836)
Synonyms
  • Thynnus bilineatus Rüppell, 1836
  • Nesogrammus piersoni Evermann and Seale, 1907

Distribution and habitat

This species is present in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to the Andaman Sea, also from the northern coast of Australia to the Ryukyu Islands, as far as Fiji.[4]

Habitat

These subtropical reef-associated and oceanodromous fishes usually inhabit open water but they are mostly found in shallow waters at depths of 15 to 50 m.[4]

Description

Grammatorcynus bilineatus can reach a maximum length of about 100 centimetres (39 in), with a common length of about 50 centimetres (20 in) and maximum weight of about 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb).[5][6]

The double-lined mackerel has an elongated and slightly compressed body covered with small flakes with a relatively small mouth and large eyes. The body color is dark blue on the back, silvery on the sides, silvery white on the belly. The dorsal fins are two, separated by a short space. These fishes have eleven- thirteen dorsal spines, ten- fourteen dorsal soft rays and ten-fourteen anal soft rays. The pectoral fins are rather short. There are two lateral lines, one on the dorsal profile, and the other at the height of the pectoral fins.[4][7]

Before 1983, this species was sometimes confused with Grammatorcynus bicarinatus, the shark mackerel.[1]

Biology

Grammatorcynus bilineatus mainly feed on crustaceans and fishes, especially Clupeiformes (Sardinella and Thryssa species), but also other fishes such as triggerfishes (Balistes) and barracudas (Sphyraena). It usually forms large schools.

Fisheries

The double-lined mackerel is a commercial fish, usually marketed canned and frozen.

Bibliography
  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, USA: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, USA, 1997
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of África. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4th. ed, Upper Saddle River, USA - Prentice-Hall. 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3rd ed.USA: John Wiley and Sons. 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2nd. Ed. London: Macdonald. 1985.

References
  1. Collette, B.; Chiang, W.; Di Natale, A.; Fox, W.; Juan Jorda, M. & Nelson, R. (2011). "Grammatorcynus bilineatus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2011: e.T170358A6768577. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170358A6768577.en. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  2. "Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  3. WoRMS
  4. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2005). "Grammatorcynus bilineatus" in FishBase. 10 2005 version.
  5. Collette, B.B., 2001. - Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). - FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.)
  6. Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. - Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date - FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2.
  7. Collete, B.B. 1986. - Scombridae. - In P.J.P. White head, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese (eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranea. Vol II, pp. 981-997. UNESCO, Paris
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