Trachurus

Jack mackerels or saurels[2] are marine fish in the genus Trachurus of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words trachys ("rough") and oura ("tail"). Some species, such as T. murphyi, are harvested in purse seine nets, and overfishing (harvesting beyond sustainable levels) has sometimes occurred.[5]

Jack mackerels
Temporal range: Eocene to Present[1]
Japanese horse mackerel, Trachurus japonicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Carangiformes
Family: Carangidae
Subfamily: Caranginae
Genus: Trachurus
Rafinesque, 1810[2]
Type species
Trachurus saurus
Synonyms[4]
  • Branchialepes Fowler, 1938
  • Suareus Dardignac & Vincent, 1958

It is often used in Japanese cuisine, where it is called aji, in Turkish cuisine, where it is called istavrit, and in Portuguese Cuisine, where it is called carapau.

Species
Japanese breakfast with grilled horse mackerel

The genus Trachurus was defined in 1810 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, who called the type species Trachurus saurus. Taxonomists later determined that T. saurus was in fact the same species as one described earlier as Scomber trachurus, defined in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus. Under the rules of binomial nomenclature, that species is now known as Trachurus trachurus, commonly known as the Atlantic horse mackerel.

The currently recognized species in this genus are:[6]

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861Cape horse mackerelsoutheastern Atlantic from the Gulf of Guinea to eastern South Africa.
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)greenback horse mackerelwestern and southern Australia, and around New Zealand
Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov, 1970African scadsouth western Indian Ocean.
Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966Arabian scadRed Sea and Somalia through the Persian Gulf east as far as Pakistan and south to the Saya de Malha Bank.
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)Japanese jack mackerelJapan, apart from Okinawa Island
Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920rough scadeastern coasts of North and South America and the Gulf of Mexico
Trachurus longimanus (Norman, 1935)Crozet scadeast Atlantic and south western Indian Oceans
Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)Mediterranean horse mackereleastern Atlantic from Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, including the Mediterranean Sea.
Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920Chilean jack mackerelsouth Pacific off the coasts of Chile and Peru, around New Zealand and south Australia, and in a band across the open ocean in between
Trachurus novaezelandiae J. Richardson, 1843yellowtail horse mackerelAustralia and New Zealand
Trachurus picturatus (S. Bowdich, 1825)blue jack mackerelthe Bay of Biscay to south Morocco and the western Mediterranean.
Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)Pacific jack mackerelwestern coast of North America, ranging from Alaska in the north to the Gulf of California in the south
Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)Atlantic horse mackereleastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea.
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950Cunene horse mackereleastern Atlantic from Morocco south to Angola

References
  1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  2. "Trachurus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  3. "Trachurus saurus Rafinesque 1810". Universal FishWise Catalog. fishwise.co.za. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  4. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Carangidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  5. C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Overfishing. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. eds. Sidney Draggan and C.Cleveland. Washington DC.
  6. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Trachurus in FishBase. February 2013 version.
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