Hipparchus (Martian crater)

Hipparchus is an impact crater in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars, located at 44.8° S latitude and 151.4° W longitude. It is 93 kilometers (58 miles) in diameter. It was named after the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus in 1973.[1]

This article is about the crater on Mars. For the crater on the Moon, see Hipparchus (lunar crater).
Hipparchus Crater
Location of Hipparchus Crater
PlanetMars
RegionPhaethontis quadrangle
Coordinates44.8°S 151.4°W / -44.8; -151.4
QuadranglePhaethontis quadrangle
Diameter93 km
EponymHipparchus

Channels

There is enormous evidence that water once flowed in river valleys on Mars.[2][3] Images of curved channels have been seen in images from Mars spacecraft dating back to the early seventies with the Mariner 9 orbiter.[4][5][6][7] Indeed, a study published in June 2017, calculated that the volume of water needed to carve all the channels on Mars was even larger than the proposed ocean that the planet may have had. Water was probably recycled many times from the ocean to rainfall around Mars.[8][9] Some of the pictures on this page show channels in Hipparchus Crater.

  • East side of Hipparchus, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
  • Small channels in Hipparchus, as seen by CTX camera on MRO (enlargement of the previous image)
  • Wide view of channels on rim of Hipparchus, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
  • Close view of channels on rim of Hipparchus, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program
  • Close view of channels on rim of Hipparchus, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

See also

References
  1. "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | Hipparchus". usgs.gov. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  2. Baker, V., et al. 2015. Fluvial geomorphology on Earth-like planetary surfaces: a review. Geomorphology. 245, 149–182.
  3. Carr, M. 1996. in Water on Mars. Oxford Univ. Press.
  4. Baker, V. 1982. The Channels of Mars. Univ. of Tex. Press, Austin, TX
  5. Baker, V., R. Strom, R., V. Gulick, J. Kargel, G. Komatsu, V. Kale. 1991. Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars. Nature 352, 589–594.
  6. Carr, M. 1979. Formation of Martian flood features by release of water from confined aquifers. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2995–300.
  7. Komar, P. 1979. Comparisons of the hydraulics of water flows in Martian outflow channels with flows of similar scale on Earth. Icarus 37, 156–181.
  8. http://spaceref.com/mars/how-much-water-was-needed-to-carve-valleys-on-mars.html
  9. Luo, W., et al. 2017. New Martian valley network volume estimate consistent with ancient ocean and warm and wet climate. Nature Communications 8. Article number: 15766 (2017). doi:10.1038/ncomms15766
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