Hjalmar Branting

Karl Hjalmar Branting (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjǎlmar ˈbrânːtɪŋ] (listen); 23 November 1860 – 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (1907–1925) and Prime Minister during three separate periods (1920, 1921–1923 and 1924–1925). When Branting came to power in 1920, he was the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden. When taking office for a second term after the general election of 1921, he became the first socialist politician in Europe to do so following elections with universal suffrage. In 1921, Branting shared the Nobel Peace Prize with the Norwegian secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Christian Lous Lange.

Hjalmar Branting
Prime Minister of Sweden
In office 18 October 1924 – 24 January 1925
Monarch	Gustaf V
Preceded by	Ernst Trygger
Succeeded by	Rickard Sandler
In office 13 October 1921 – 19 April 1923
Monarch	Gustaf V
Preceded by	Oscar von Sydow
Succeeded by	Ernst Trygger
In office 10 March 1920 – 27 October 1920
Monarch	Gustaf V
Preceded by	Nils Edén
Succeeded by	Louis de Geer
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 13 October 1921 – 19 April 1923
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Herman Wrangel
Succeeded by	Carl Hederstierna
Minister of Finance
In office 19 October 1917 – 5 January 1918
Prime Minister	Nils Edén
Preceded by	Conrad Carleson
Succeeded by	Fredrik Vilhelm Thorsson
Personal details
Born	Karl Hjalmar Branting 23 November 1860 Stockholm, Sweden
Died	24 February 1925 (aged 64) Stockholm, Sweden
Political party	Social Democrats
Spouse(s)	Anna Branting (née Jäderin)
Children	Georg Branting Sonja Branting-Westerståhl
Signature

Biography

Born to the professor Lars Gabriel Branting and the noblewoman and pianist Emma af Georgii, Branting was educated in Stockholm and at Uppsala University. He developed a scientific background in mathematical astronomy and was an assistant at the Stockholm Observatory, but gave up his devotion to scientific work to become a journalist in 1884 and began editing the newspapers Tiden and Social-Demokraten. His decision to publish an article by the more radical socialist Axel Danielsson, a piece denounced by opponents as insulting to religious sensitivities, resulted in political convictions for blasphemy and imprisonment for both men.[1] Branting was imprisoned for three months in 1888.[2]

Together with August Palm, Branting was one of the main organizers of the Swedish Social Democratic Party in 1889. He was its first Member of Parliament from 1896 and for six years the only one.

In the early years of the 20th century, Branting led the Social Democrats in opposing a war to keep Norway united with Sweden. When the crisis came in 1905, he coined the slogan "Hands off Norway, King!" The Social Democrats organized resistance to a call-up of reserves and a general strike against a war and are credited with a substantial share in preventing one.

Branting accepted Eduard Bernstein's revision of Marxism and became a reformist socialist, advocating a peaceful transition from capitalism towards socialism. He believed that if workers were given the vote, this could be achieved by parliamentary ways. Branting supported the February Revolution in Russia in 1917. He was pro-Menshevik and defended the government of Alexander Kerensky, whom he even personally visited in Petrograd.

When the October Revolution broke out the same year, Branting condemned the Bolshevik seizure of power. 1917 saw a split in the Swedish Social Democratic Party on this question, and the youth league and the revolutionary sections of the party broke away and formed the Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden, headed by Zeth Höglund. This group soon became the Swedish Communist Party. Höglund later returned to the Social Democratic Party and wrote a two-volume biography about Branting.

As Prime Minister, Branting brought Sweden into the League of Nations and was personally active as a delegate within it. When the question of whether Åland should be handed over to Sweden after the independence of Finland from Russia was brought up, he let the League of Nation decide upon the issue. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 for his work in the League of Nations, sharing the prize with the Norwegian Christian Lous Lange.

Monuments and memorials

Monument to Branting at Stockholm

Branting is commemorated by the Branting Monument in Stockholm. Additionally in Gothenburg, there is a tram and bus interchange named after Branting (Swedish: Hjalmar Brantingsplatsen). Stockholms Plads (Stockholm Square) in Copenhagen was renamed Hjalmar Brantings Plads in 1925.

See also

• 1921 Swedish general election

References

1. Enander, Crister (14 December 2009). "I krigarens lofliga uppsåt att såra och döda" (in Swedish). Tidningen Kulturen. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
2. Robertson, J. M. (2003). History of Freethought in the Nineteenth Century, Part 2. Kessinger Publishing. p. 487. ISBN 0-7661-3955-7.

External links

• Works by or about Hjalmar Branting at Internet Archive
• Hjalmar Branting on Nobelprize.org
• Hjalmar Branting at Find a Grave
• Newspaper clippings about Hjalmar Branting in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW