June

June is the sixth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the second of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the third of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. June contains the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the day with the most daylight hours, and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the day with the fewest daylight hours (excluding polar regions in both cases). June in the Northern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent to December in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. In the Northern Hemisphere, the beginning of the traditional astronomical summer is 21 June (meteorological summer begins on 1 June). In the Southern Hemisphere, meteorological winter begins on 1 June.[1]

This article is about the month. For other uses, see June (disambiguation).
"Jun." redirects here. For other uses, see Jun.
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No other month starts on the same day of the week as June in any year. This month and May are the only two months to have this property. June ends on the same day of the week as March in all years and starts on the same day of the week as February of the following year. In years immediately before common years, June begins on the same day of the week as March and November and ends on the same day of the week as August and November of the following year. In years immediately before leap years, June begins on the same day of the week as August and ends on the same day of the week as May of the following year. In common years, it begins on the same day of the week as September and December of the previous year and, in leap years, April and July of the previous year. In common years, June ends on the same day of the week as September of the previous year and in leap years, it ends on the same day of the week as April and December of the previous year.[2]

At the start of June, the sun rises in the constellation of Taurus; at the end of June, the sun rises in the constellation of Gemini. However, due to the precession of the equinoxes, June begins with the sun in the astrological sign of Gemini, and ends with the sun in the astrological sign of Cancer.[3][4]

Etymology and history
Flaming June (1895) by Lord Leighton

The Latin name for June is Junius. Ovid offers multiple etymologies for the name in the Fasti, a poem about the Roman calendar. The first is that the month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, the goddess of marriage and the wife of the supreme deity Jupiter; the second is that the name comes from the Latin word iuniores, meaning "younger ones", as opposed to maiores ("elders") for which the preceding month May (Maius) may be named.[5] Another source claims June is named after Lucius Junius Brutus, founder of the Roman Republic and ancestor of the Roman gens Junia.[6]

In ancient Rome, the period from mid-May through mid-June was considered inauspicious for marriage. Ovid says that he consulted the Flaminica Dialis, the high priestess of Jupiter, about setting a date for his daughter's wedding, and was advised to wait till after June 15.[7] Plutarch, however, implies that the entire month of June was more favorable for weddings than May.[8]

Certain meteor showers take place in June. The Arietids takes place May 22 to July 2 each year, and peaks on June 7. The Beta Taurids June 5 to July 18. The June Bootids take place roughly between 26 June and 2 July each year.

Ancient Roman observances

Under the calendar of ancient Rome, the festival of Ludi Fabarici took place on May 29 – June 1, Kalendae Fabariae took place on June 1, the Festival to Bellona took place on June 3, Ludi Piscatorii took place on June 7, and Vestalia took place from June 7 – June 15. A Rosalia was held on June 20. The Secular Games were held roughly every 100 years in either May or June. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.

Events in June
June, from the Très riches heures du duc de Berry
June, Leandro Bassano
Trooping the Colour is celebrated in June in London

Month-long observances

Non-Gregorian observances, 2019

(All Baha'i, Islamic, and Jewish observances begin at the sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown of the date in question unless otherwise noted.)

Moveable observances, 2020
First Monday: June 1
First Wednesday: June 3
First Friday: June 5
First Saturday: June 6
First Sunday: June 7
Second Monday: June 8
Second Thursday: June 11
Second Saturday: June 13
Second Sunday: June 14
Third Week: June 14–20
Monday after the second Saturday: June 15
Third Friday: June 19
Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere: June 20
Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere: June 20
Saturday between June 20–25: June 20
Saturday nearest Summer Solstice: June 20
Third Sunday: June 21
Monday Nearest to June 24: June 21
Last Thursday: June 25
Friday following Third Sunday: June 26
Last Saturday: June 27
Last Sunday: June 28

Fixed Gregorian observances

June symbols

References
  1. Holidays and Lore, Spells, Rituals and Meditations ISBN 978-0-738-72159-0 p. 111
  2. "The Month of June". Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  3. "Article by Lee Shapiro – 1977 – International Planetarium Society, Inc". www.ips-planetarium.org. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
  4. Marango, Stephanie P. Your body and the stars : the zodiac as your wellness guide. ISBN 9781582704906. OCLC 913337625.
  5. Ovid, Fasti VI.1–88; H.H. Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (Cornell University Press, 1981), p. 126.
  6. Almanach général de Saint-Domingue, pour l'année 1790, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1203334d/f27, Mozard, p. 13, 1791
  7. Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies, p. 126.
  8. Karen K. Hersch, The Roman Wedding: Ritual and Meaning in Antiquity (Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 47.
  9. The Earth passed the junction of the signs at 21:43 UT/GMT June 20, 2020, and will pass it again at 03:32 UT/GMT June 21, 2021.
  10. "Astrology Calendar", yourzodiacsign. Signs in UT/GMT for 1950–2030.
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