Klebsiella granulomatis

Klebsiella granulomatis is Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Klebsiella[1] known to cause the sexually transmitted disease granuloma inguinale (or donovanosis). It was formerly called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.[2]

Klebsiella granulomatis
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Klebsiella
Species:
K. granulomatis
Binomial name
Klebsiella granulomatis
(Aragão and Vianna 1913) Carter et al. 1999

It is a stationary aerobic bacillus with non-sporulated capsule measuring 0.5 to 2.0 μm.[3][4] It has biochemical properties such as catalase positive, phenylalanine negative and citrate positive with hydrolysis in urea.[5] Among its virulence factors are its capsule, endotoxins, sidenophores, antimicrobial resistance and antigenic phase variation.[6]

Incubation period

The incubation period lasts around 50 days, may vary between 1 and 12 weeks.[7]

Epidemiology

This rare form of genital ulceration is about to be eradicated worldwide. There are currently alarming figures in areas such as India, Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean, South America, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Australia.[8]

Thanks to the recognition as a public health problem and appropriate control measures such as the implementation of better health service provisions, the incidence of this microorganism in countries such as Papua New Guinea, South Africa, India and the Caribbean has decreased significantly.[8]

References
  1. Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
  2. O'Farrell N (December 2002). "Donovanosis". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 78 (6): 452–7. doi:10.1136/sti.78.6.452. PMC 1758360. PMID 12473810.
  3. Richens J (December 1991). "The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)". Genitourinary Medicine. 67 (6): 441–52. doi:10.1136/sti.67.6.441. PMC 1194766. PMID 1774048.
  4. Liverani CA, Lattuada D, Mangano S, Pignatari C, Puglia D, Monti E, Bolis G (August 2012). "Hypertrophic donavanosis in a young pregnant woman". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 25 (4): e81-3. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2011.10.002. PMID 22840941.
  5. Mesia JM, Jáuregui JS, Arias PP (May 2007). "Donovanosis, case repor t" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Coloproctologí. 13: 59–65 – via medigraphic Artemisa en lÌnea.
  6. Stoner BP (2018-01-01). "Klebsiella granulomatis: Granuloma Inguinale". In Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M (eds.). Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (fifth ed.). Elsevier. pp. 823–824.e1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-40181-4.00139-0. ISBN 978-0-323-40181-4.
  7. Dorado JS, Montes JO, Espinar CP, Ezcurra MM (2014-03-01). "Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de las úlceras genitales" [Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of genital ulcers]. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado. Enfermedades infecciosas (III): Infecciones por espiroquetas, borrelias, chlamydias y micoplasmas (in Spanish). 11 (51): 3024–3028. doi:10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70733-4.
  8. Dixit P, Kotra LP (January 2007). "Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis Infections". In Enna SJ, Kotra LP, Bylund DB (eds.). xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. Elsevier. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1016/b978-008055232-3.60880-3. ISBN 978-0-08-055232-3.


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