LMS Garratt

The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Garratt was a class of Garratt 2-6-0+0-6-2 steam locomotive designed for heavy freight. A total of 33 were built from 1927, making them the most numerous class of Garratt in Britain.

LMS Beyer-Garratt
Type and origin Power type Steam Builder Beyer, Peacock & Co. Serial number 6325–6327, 6648–6677 Build date 1927 (3), 1930 (30) Total produced 33
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 2-6-0+0-6-2T  • UIC (1′C)(C1′) h4t Gauge 4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Leading dia. 3 ft 3 ^1⁄2 in (1.003 m) Driver dia. 5 ft 3 in (1.600 m) Wheelbase 79 ft (24.08 m) Length 87 ft 10 ^1⁄2 in (26.78 m) Loco weight 1927 built: 148.75 long tons (151.14 t; 166.60 short tons) 1930 built: 152.50 long tons (154.95 t; 170.80 short tons) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 1927 built: 7 long tons (7.1 t; 7.8 short tons) 1930 built: 9 long tons (9.1 t; 10 short tons) Water cap 4,500 imp gal (20,000 l; 5,400 US gal) Firebox:  • Firegrate area 44.5 sq ft (4.13 m^2) Boiler LMS type Garratt Boiler pressure 190 lbf/in^2 (1.31 MPa) Heating surface:  • Tubes and flues 1,954 sq ft (181.5 m^2)  • Firebox 183 sq ft (17.0 m^2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 500 sq ft (46 m^2) or 466 sq ft (43.3 m^2) Cylinders Four, outside Cylinder size 18 ^1⁄2 in × 26 in (470 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Piston valves
Performance figures Tractive effort 45,620 lbf (202.9 kN)
Career Operators London, Midland and Scottish Railway → British Railways Class Garratt Power class Not classified Withdrawn 1955–1958 Disposition All scrapped

Overview

After Grouping the LMS continued the Midland Railway's "small engine policy" of hauling trains using two or three locomotives of moderate power coupled together. This led to most of the Toton (Nottinghamshire)-Brent (London) coal trains being double-headed by 0-6-0 locomotives. It was realised that double heading was uneconomical so a Garratt locomotive was ordered from Beyer, Peacock and Company. However the LMS Derby design office insisted on the fitting of their standard axleboxes to the design. These axleboxes were barely adequate for the LMS Class 4F 0-6-0 locomotives, on which they frequently overheated, and were a major weakness on the LMS Garratts. They were also always heavy on coal and maintenance.

No. 47999, with straight-sided bunker, approaching Loughborough, 6 October 1950

Three locomotives were built in April 1927 and the remaining 30 were built in the period August to November 1930. All were built with straight sided bunkers but from 1931 all except the first two of the 1927 trio were fitted with revolving coal bunkers. These were conical in shape and were revolved and oscillated by means of a small 2-cylinder steam engine. The revolving bunkers prevented coal dust from entering the cab and the oscillation facility made them self-trimming.

The 1927 trio were numbered 4997–4999, and the 1930 batch from 4967 to 4996. They were later renumbered 7967–7999 in the same order to make way for the new Black 5’s . British Railways added 40000 to their numbers.

LMS 2-6-0+0-6-2 Garratt brings a long coal train up from Toton Yard to Brent Sidings (Cricklewood)

The roundhouses at Toton MPD had to have extra length Garratt roads to accommodate them. Mostly used for heavy coal trains, they later found other uses as well. Others were allocated to Wellingborough (depot code 45A where 15 locomotives were located in the 1950s) and Hasland near Chesterfield. Trains for Manchester were generally routed along the Hope Valley Line and the Garratts normally came off their trains at the Gowhole freight sidings just south of Chinley. A few would work the Ambergate to Pye Bridge Line using the north curve at Ambergate, but only as far as Rowsley, where the train would be split. This was normal for goods trains because of the danger of couplings breaking on the climb to Peak Forest. In addition, although they had ample tractive effort to climb the gradient, in the days before goods wagon trains had continuous brakes there were problems on the way down into Chinley. On an early attempt, the loco was inspected at Heaton Mersey and it was found that all of its brake blocks had melted.[1]

Withdrawal

The class was withdrawn between June 1955 and April 1958. None survived into preservation.

Table of withdawals

Year	Quantity in service at start of year	Quantity withdrawn	Locomotive numbers
1955	33	7	47970/75/85/89–91/93.
1956	26	13	47971/74/76–77/81/83–84/88/92/96–99.
1957	13	12	47967–69/72–73/78–80/82/86–87/95.
1958	1	1	47994.

Models

The Rosebud Kitmaster company produced an unpowered polystyrene injection moulded 00 scale model, which went on sale in March 1961. In late 1962, the Kitmaster brand was sold by its parent company (Rosebud Dolls) to Airfix, who transferred the moulding tools to their own factory; they re-introduced some of the former Kitmaster range, but the Garratt model was not among them. The moulding tools for this locomotive were scrapped in 1982.[2] Heljan was commissioned by Hattons of Liverpool to produce a model in OO gauge which became the manufacturer's first UK outline OO gauge steam locomotive model.[3]

References

1. Bentley, C., (1997) British Railways Operating History: Volume one, The Peak District, Carnarvon: XPress Publishing.
2. Knight 1999, pp. 7, 9, 41, 46, 66.
3. Hattons

• Bentley, C. (1997). British Railways Operating History: Volume one, The Peak District. Carnarvon: XPress Publishing.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Essery, Bob; Toms, G. (1998). LMS & LNER Garratts. Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 0-906867-93-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Knight, Stephen (1999). Let's Stick Together: An Appreciation of Kitmaster and Airfix Railway Kits. Clopthill: Irwell Press. pp. 7, 9, 41, 46, 66. ISBN 1-871608-90-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Longworth, Hugh. British Railway Steam Locomotives 1948-1968. Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-593-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Pixton, B. (2000). North Midland: Portrait of a Famous Route. Cheltenham: Runpast Publishing.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• photo of Garratt at Peterborough