LMS Patriot Class

The Patriot Class was a class of 52 express passenger steam locomotives built for the London Midland and Scottish Railway. The first locomotive of the class was built in 1930 and the last in 1934. The class was based on the chassis of the Royal Scot combined with the boiler from Large Claughtons earning them the nickname Baby Scots. A total of 18 were rebuilt to create the LMS Rebuilt Patriot Class between 1946 and 1948; thereafter those not subjected to rebuilding were often referred to as the Unrebuilt Patriot Class. These remaining 34 unrebuilt engines were withdrawn between 1960 and 1962.

For the rebuilt engines, see LMS Rebuilt Patriot Class.

LMS Patriot Class
45500 Patriot at Manchester Victoria, 1960.
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerSir Henry Fowler
Builder
Build date1930–1934
Total produced52
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-6-0
 • UIC2′C h3
Gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia.3 ft 3 in (0.991 m)
Driver dia.6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)
Length62 ft 8 3⁄4 in (19.120 m)
Loco weight80.75 long tons (82.05 t; 90.44 short tons)
Tender weight42.70 long tons (43.39 t; 47.82 short tons)
Total weight123.45 long tons (125.43 t; 138.26 short tons)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity5.5 long tons (5.6 t; 6.2 short tons)
Water cap3,500 imp gal (16,000 l; 4,200 US gal)
Firebox:
 • Firegrate area		30 1⁄2 sq ft (2.83 m2)
BoilerG9½S
Boiler pressure200 psi (1.4 MPa)
Heating surface:
 • Tubes and flues		1,552 sq ft (144.2 m2)
 • Firebox183 sq ft (17.0 m2)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area365 sq ft (33.9 m2)
Cylinders3
Cylinder size18 in × 26 in (457 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve typePiston valves
Train brakesVacuum
Performance figures
Tractive effort26,520 lbf (118.0 kN)
Career
Operators
Power class
  • 1930–51: 5XP
  • 1951–65: 6P5F
Numbers
  • LMS (1934): 5500–5551
  • BR: 45500–45551
Withdrawn1960–1965
DispositionOriginal 52 withdrawn and scrapped; New-build project under construction

Overview

The first two were rebuilt in 1930 from the 1912-built LNWR Large Claughton Class, retaining the original driving wheels with their large bosses, the "double radial" bogie truck and some other parts. Of the subsequent 50 locomotives of the class 40 were nominal rebuilds of Claughtons, being in fact new builds classified as rebuilt engines so that they could be charged to revenue accounts, rather than capital. The last ten were classified as new builds.

The two former Claughtons retained their original numbers until 1934, when they were renumbered 5500–1.[1] The 40 built as replacements took the numbers of the Claughtons that they replaced; these were renumbered 5502–41 in 1934.[2] The remainder of the class were allocated nos. 6030–9, but were numbered 5542–51 from new.[3] The numbering of the similar LMS Jubilee Class continued on from where the Patriots left off. This was because 5552–5556 were ordered as Patriots (to be numbered 6040–4) but built with taper boilers as Jubilees on the orders of Sir William Stanier.[4]

Naming of the class was somewhat erratic. Some retained old Claughton names, whilst others continued the military associations of the names Patriot and St Dunstans, and 13 carried names of holiday resorts served by the LMS. Seven remained unnamed, although they had been allocated names in 1943.

Rebuilding

Between 1946 and 1949 eighteen were rebuilt with Stanier 2A boiler, cab and tender, though again these were largely paper rebuilds, based on the LMS Rebuilt Royal Scot Class. Seven (Nos 5514/21/6/9-31/40) had been rebuilt by the start of 1948 when British Railways inherited the remaining 45 Baby Scots. In March 1948 BR added 40000 to their numbers to number them 45500–13/15-20/2-5/7/8/32-9/41-51. Subsequently, BR rebuilt another 11, so that the rebuilt engines were (4)5512/14/21–23/25–32/34–36/45. The two original members of the class, and the first ten of the nominal rebuilds, were not rebuilt due to their non-standard parts.

Year Number rebuilt Numbers
1946 2 5521/30
1947 5 5514/26/9/31/40
1948 10 45512/23/5/7/8/32/4-6/45
1949 1 45522
Total 18

Details
5504 Royal Signals was built in 1932 and was originally numbered 5987 as a paper rebuild of an LNWR Claughton Class. Later renumbered 5504 and was named in 1937, finally becoming BR No. 45504, in which condition it is pictured at Bromsgrove. It was withdrawn in 1962 without ever being rebuilt.

Note some never received BR numbers as unrebuilt engines because either they were rebuilt by the LMS. In the table below BR numbers for BR-rebuilt engines are given, but some engines may not have received BR numbers while in an unrebuilt condition as renumbering took several years (sources should indicate these).

Full stock list table
Pre-
1934
LMS
No.		 Post
1934
LMS
No.
 BR No. Name(s) (dates) Built Works Rebuilt Withdrawn Notes
5971 5500 45500 Croxteth (until 1937)
Patriot (Feb. 1937)		 November 1930 Derby March 1961
5902 5501 45501 Sir Frank Ree (until 1937)
St. Dunstans (1937)		 November 1930 Derby September 1961
5959 5502 45502 Royal Naval Division (1937) July 1932 Crewe September 1960
5985 5503 45503 The Leicestershire Regiment (1938)
The Royal Leicestershire Regiment (Nov. 1948).		 July 1932 Crewe August 1961
5987 5504 45504 Royal Signals (1937) July 1932 Crewe March 1962
5949 5505 45506 The Royal Army Ordnance Corps (1947) August 1932 Crewe June 1962
5974 5506 45506 The Royal Pioneer Corps (Sep. 1948) August 1932 Crewe March 1962
5936 5507 45507 Royal Tank Corps (1937) August 1932 Crewe October 1962
6010 5508 45508 August 1932 Crewe November 1960 Fitted with stovepipe chimney in 1956.
6005 5509 45509 The Derbyshire Yeomanry (1951) August 1932 Crewe August 1961
6012 5510 45510 August 1932 Crewe June 1962
5942 5511 45511 Isle of Man (1938) September 1932 Crewe February 1961
5966 5512 45512 Bunsen September 1932 Crewe July 1948 n/a
5958 5513 45513 September 1932 Crewe September 1962 1943 name allocated: Sir W.A. Stanier.
5983 5514 n/a Holyhead (1938) September 1932 Crewe March 1947 n/a
5992 5515 45515 Caernarvon (1939) October 1932 Crewe June 1962
5982 5516 45516 The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment. (1938) October 1932 Crewe August 1961
5952 5517 45517 February 1933 Crewe June 1962
6006 5518 45518 Bradshaw (1939) February 1933 Crewe October 1962
6008 5519 45519 Lady Godiva February 1933 Crewe March 1962
5954 5520 45520 Llandudno (1937) February 1933 Derby May 1962
5933 5521 Rhyl (1937) March 1933 Derby November 1946 n/a
5973 5522 45522 Prestatyn (1939) March 1933 Derby January 1949 n/a
6026 5523 45523 Bangor (1938) March 1933 Crewe October 1948 n/a
5907 5524 45524 Sir Frederick Harrison (until 1937)
Blackpool (1937)		 March 1933 Crewe September 1962
5916 5525 45525 Colwyn Bay (1937) March 1933 Derby August 1948 n/a
5963 5526 n/a Morecambe and Heysham (1937) March 1933 Derby February 1947 n/a
5944 5527 45527 Southport (1937) April 1933 Derby September 1948 n/a
5996 5528 45528 April 1933 Derby September 1948 n/a
5926 5529 n/a Sir Herbert Walker K.C.B. (until 1937) April 1933 Crewe July 1947
6022 5530 n/a Sir Frank Ree (1937) April 1933 Crewe October 1946 Name transferred from 5501.
6027 5531 n/a Sir Frederick Harrison (1937) April 1933 Crewe December 1947 Name transferred from 5524.
6011 5532 45532 Illustrious April 1933 Crewe June 1948 n/a
5905 5533 45533 Lord Rathmore April 1933 Derby September 1962
5935 5534 45534 E. Tootal Broadhurst (1937) April 1933 Crewe December 1948 - Name transferred from 5525.
5997 5535 45535 Sir Herbert Walker K.C.B. (1937) May 1933 Derby September 1948 n/a Name transferred from 5529.
6018 5536 45536 Private W. Wood V.C. (1936) May 1933 Crewe November 1948 n/a
6015 5537 45537 Private E. Sykes V.C. July 1933 Crewe June 1962
6000 5538 45538 Giggleswick (1938) July 1933 Crewe September 1962
5925 5539 45539 E. C. Trench July 1933 Crewe September 1961
5901 5540 n/a Sir Robert Turnbull August 1933 Crewe October 1947 n/a
5903 5541 45541 Duke of Sutherland August 1933 Crewe June 1962
5542 45542 March 1934 Crewe June 1962
5543 45543 Home Guard (1940) March 1934 Crewe November 1962
5544 45544 March 1934 Crewe November 1962
5545 45545 March 1934 Crewe November 1948
5546 45546 Fleetwood (1938) March 1934 Crewe June 1962
5547 45547 April 1934 Crewe September 1962
5548 45548 Lytham St. Annes (1937) April 1934 Crewe June 1962
5549 45549 April 1934 Crewe June 1962 1943 name allocated: R.A.M.C.
5550 45550 May 1934 Crewe November 1962 1943 name allocated: Sir Henry Fowler
5551 45551 May 1934 Crewe June 1962 Replica of original engine under construction. Replica to be named "The Unknown Warrior", original engine never named.

Accidents and incidents
  • On 13 March 1935, a milk train was in a rear-end collision with an express freight train at King's Langley, Hertfordshire due to a signalman's error. No. 5511 was hauling a freight train that collided with the wreckaged. A fourth freight train then ran into the wreck. One person was killed.[5]
  • On 16 October 1939, No. 5544 was hauling a train that was in a collision with another train at Winwick Junction, Cheshire and was derailed.[6]
  • On 13 October 1940, No. 5529 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with a platform barrow obstructing the line at Wembley Central station, Middlesex and was derailed. Several people were killed and many more were injured.[7]

Withdrawal

All of the unrebuilt Patriots were withdrawn between 1960 and 1962[8] in accordance with the BR Modernisation Plan.

YearQuantity in service at start of yearQuantity withdrawnLocomotive numbers
196034245502/08
196132845500–01/03/09/11/16/39/44
1962242445504–07/10/13/15/17–20/24/33/37–38/41–43/46–51

New Build
Replica under construction.
Main article: LMS-Patriot Project

No Patriot in either rebuilt or unrebuilt form survived into preservation; however, a replica of no.5551 is under construction. The LMS-Patriot Project,[9] a registered charity, is building a replica which will carry the number of the last built – LMS number 5551 or British Railways number 45551. It will be named The Unknown Warrior.

In fiction

This class of engine forms the basis of the Big City Engine from the Railway Series of children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry.[10]

Models

Both Hornby and Bachmann have produced OO gauge models.

Hornby first introduced an original Patriot in the 1979 catalogue that has remained in production and now forms part of the 'Railroad' budget (i.e. toy) range. The following models have been produced:

Product Ref.NumberNameLivery
R3085533Lord RathmoreLMS crimson lake, with smoke deflectors
R3115541Duke of SutherlandLMS crimson lake, with smoke deflectors
R32445519Lady GodivaBR black, lined, BRITISH RAILWAYS lettering
R357 (1979)[11]5541Duke of SutherlandLMS crimson lake
R57845537Private E Sykes VCBR Brunswick green, early logo
R218245515CaernarvonBR Brunswick green, late logo
R2182A5539E.C. TrenchLMS crimson lake, with smoke deflectors
R220845514HolyheadLMS crimson lake, with smoke deflectors
R263345545PlanetBR Brunswick green, late logo
R263445512BunsenBR Brunswick green, early logo
R272645536Private W Wood VCBR Brunswick green, early logo
R29365532IllustriousLMS crimson lake, with smoke deflectors
R315445539E.C. TrenchBR Brunswick green, late logo
R327845518BradshawBR Brunswick green, early logo

Bachmann Industries make a more detailed and expensive model of the original Patriot, also in OO gauge. The following models have been produced:

Product Ref.NumberNameLivery
31-21045503The Royal Leicestershire RegimentBR Brunswick green, early logo
31-21145543Home GuardBR Brunswick green, late logo
31-2125541Duke of SutherlandLMS crimson lake, with smoke deflectors[12])
31-21345504Royal SignalsBR Brunswick green with late logo
31-21445538GiggleswickBR Brunswick green with early logo
31-215Replica 5551The Unknown WarriorPreserved LMS crimson lake with smoke deflectors, as will be preserved

References
  1. Toms, Essery & James 2006, p. 65.
  2. Toms, Essery & James 2006, p. 63.
  3. Toms, Essery & James 2006, p. 69.
  4. Toms, Essery & James 2006, pp. 67, 69.
  5. Hall 1990, p. 99.
  6. Earnshaw 1990, p. 22.
  7. Earnshaw 1990, pp. 24-25.
  8. Rowledge 1975, p. 14.
  9. "Creating the new Royal British Legion Endorsed National Memorial Engine". Lms-patriot.org.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
  10. [The Real Lives of Thomas the Tank Engine ""Foreign Engine""] Check |url= value (help). The Real Lives of Thomas the Tank Engine. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  11. http://www.hornbyguide.com/catalogue_number_details.asp?catno=R.357
  12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2q_RhhJlzU

Bibliography
  • Earnshaw, Alan (1990). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6. Penryn: Atlantic Books. ISBN 0-906899-37-0.
  • Hall, Stanley (1990). The Railway Detectives. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0 7110 1929 0.
  • Longworth, Hugh. British Railway Steam Locomotives 1948-1968. ISBN 0-86093-593-0.
  • Nock, O. S. Royal Scots and Patriots of the LMS.
  • Rowledge, J.W.P. (1975). Engines of the LMS built 1923–51. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-902888-59-5.
  • Toms, George; Essery, R.J.; James, F. (2006). Historical Locomotive Monographs No. 3: Claughton & Patriot 4-6-0s. Didcot: Wild Swan. ISBN 1-905184-19-0.
  • Whiteley, John S.; Morrison, Gavin W. The Power of the Patriots. ISBN 0-86093-232-X.
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