List of NRO launches

This is a list of NRO Launch (NROL) designations, i.e. satellites operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office. Those missions are generally classified, so that their exact purposes and orbital elements are not published. However, amateur astronomers have managed to observe most of the satellites, and leaked information has led to the identification of many of the payloads.

The National Reconnaissance Office logo

Launch statistics

Launch vehicle families

1

2

3

4

5

6

'96

'97

'98

'99

2000

'01

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

'09

2010

'11

'12

'13

'14

'15

'16

'17

'18

'19

2020

•   Titan
•   Atlas
•   Taurus/Minotaur
•   Delta
•   Falcon
•   Electron
•   Antares

Launch sites

1

2

3

4

5

6

'96

'97

'98

'99

2000

'01

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

'09

2010

'11

'12

'13

'14

'15

'16

'17

'18

'19

2020

•   Vandenberg (CA)
•   Cape Canaveral (FL)
•   Kennedy (FL)
•   Wallops Island (VA)
•   Mahia (New Zealand)

Launch history

Launch designation	Payload nickname	Satellite designation	Date/Time (UTC)	Launch site	Rocket	Orbit	Project	Function	Status	Patch	Remarks
L-1	Nemesis[1]	USA-179	31 August 2004 23:17[2]	CCAFS, SLC-36A[2]	Atlas IIAS	38,979 x 1,390km x 63.6° (Molniya)[3]	Quasar 15[4]	Communications	Entered service, status unknown
L-2		USA-129	20 December 1996 18:04	VAFB, SLC-4E	Titan IV	LEO	KH-11 12[5]	Optical imaging	Deorbited		Reentered on May 1, 2014.[6][7]
L-3		USA-133	24 October 1997 02:32	VAFB, SLC-4E	Titan IV	679 x 666km x 57° (LEO)[8]	Lacrosse 3	Synthetic-aperture radar	Entered service, status unknown
L-4	Oscar	USA-136	8 November 1997 02:05	CCAFS, SLC-41	Titan IV/Centaur	36,346 x 4,026km x 63.5° (Molniya)[9]	Trumpet 3[10]	ELINT	Entered service, status unknown
L-5	Capricorn[1]	USA-137	29 January 1998 18:37	CCAFS, SLC-36A	Atlas IIA	Molniya	Quasar 12[4]	Communications	Entered service, status unknown
L-6	Jack	USA-139[11]	9 May 1998 01:38	CCAFS, SLC-40	Titan IV/Centaur	35,964 x 35,623km x 8.4° (GSO)[12]	Orion 4[13]	SIGINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-7	Elwood	N/A	12 August 1998 11:30	CCAFS, SLC-41	Titan IV/Centaur	GSO (planned)	Mercury	ELINT	Destroyed	"Cheers! Saving the Best for Last!!"	Rocket self-destructed 40 seconds into launch due to guidance problem.[14]
L-8		USA-140, USA-141	3 October 1998 10:04	VAFB, LC-576E	Taurus 1110	LEO	STEX	Technology	Entered service, status unknown		ATEX experiment jettisoned on 16 January 1999 and catalogued as USA-141.
L-9		USA-144[1]	22 May 1999 09:36[15]	VAFB, SLC-4E[15]	Titan IVB		Misty	Optical imaging	Entered service, status unknown		First Titan IV-B launch from VAFB.
L-10	Ursa Major[1] (Great Bear)	USA-155	6 December 2000 02:47[2]	CCAFS, SLC-36A	Atlas IIAS	35,826 x 35,761km x 9.1° (GSO)[16]	Quasar 13[4]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-11	Onyx / Vega	USA-152	17 August 2000 23:45	VAFB, SLC-4E	Titan IVB	695 x 689km x 68° (LEO)[8]	Lacrosse 4	SAR	Entered service, status unknown
L-12	Aquila[1]	USA-162	11 October 2001 02:32[2]	CCAFS, SLC-36B	Atlas IIAS	35,803 x 35,785km x 10.9° (GSO)[17]	Quasar 14[4]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-13	Gemini[1]	USA-160	8 September 2001 15:25	VAFB, SLC-3E[2]	Atlas IIAS	1,476 x 750km x 63.4° (LEO)[18]	Intruder 5A & 5B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, status unknown		Two satellites.
L-14		USA-161	5 October 2001 21:21	VAFB, SLC-4E	Titan IVB	LEO	KH-11 13[5]	Optical reconnaissance	Deorbited		Reentered in November 2014.[20][21]
L-15		USA-237	29 June 2012 13:15[22]	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy (first RS-68A upgrade)	35,961 x 35,627km x 2.7° (GSO)[23]	Orion 8[24]	SIGINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-16	Prometheus	USA-182[11]	30 April 2005 00:50[25]	CCAFS, SLC-40	Titan IVB	732 x 721km x 57.0° (LEO)[26]	Lacrosse 5[8]	SAR	Entered service, status unknown
L-17	GeoLITE[1]	USA-158	18 May 2001 17:45[27]	CCAFS, SLC-17B	Delta II 7925-9.5	GSO	GeoLITE	Technology demonstration	Retired		Boosted to graveyard orbit after end of mission.[28] Testbed for experimental laser and UHF communications payloads.[29]
L-18	Libra[1]	USA-173	2 December 2003 10:04[2]	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas IIAS	1,423 x 798km x 63.4° (LEO)[30]	Intruder 6A & B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, status unknown		Two satellites.
L-19	Homer[31]	USA-171[11]	9 September 2003 04:29[32]	CCAFS, SLC-40	Titan IVB-Centaur	35,995 x 35,592km x 11.4° (GSO)[33]	Orion 5[24]	SIGINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-20		USA-186[11]	19 October 2005 18:05[34]	VAFB, SLC-4E	Titan IVB	452 x 280km x 96.9° (LEO)[35]	KH-11 14[5]	Optical imaging	Entered service, presumed active		Last launch of a Titan rocket.
L-21		USA-193[1]	14 December 2006 21:00[27]	VAFB, SLC-2W	Delta II 7920-10	LEO	Unknown	Unknown	Destroyed		Failed immediately after launch. Destroyed by ASAT on 21 February 2008.
L-22		USA-184[1]	28 June 2006 03:33	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV M+(4,2)	38,417 x 1,953km x 63° (Molniya)[36]	Improved Trumpet 4[37]	ELINT	Entered service, status unknown
L-23	Canis Minor[1]	USA-181	3 February 2005 07:41	CCAFS, SLC-36B	Atlas IIIB	1,399 x 827km x 63.4° (LEO)[38]	Intruder 7A & 7B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, status unknown		Two satellites.
L-24	Scorpius[1]	USA-198	10 December 2007 22:05	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 401	39,704 x 663km x 63.1° (Molniya)[39]	Quasar 16[4]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-25	Altair	USA-234	3 April 2012 23:12[40][41]	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV M+(5,2)	1,114 x 1,107km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[42]	Topaz 2[43]	Radar imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-26		USA-202	18 January 2009 02:47	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy	35,823 x 35,761km x 6° (GSO)[44]	Orion 6[24]	SIGINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-27	Gryphon[31]	USA-227	11 March 2011 23:38	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV M+(4,2)	35,810 x 35,778km x 4.6° (GSO)[45]	Quasar 17[4]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-28		USA-200	13 March 2008 10:02	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 411	38,066 x 2,304km x 63.2° (Molniya)[46]	Improved Trumpet 5[37]	ELINT	Entered service, status unknown
L-29		N/A		VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 521[47]				Canceled
L-30	Pyxis[1]	USA-194	15 June 2007 15:12	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 401	1,337 x 889km x 63.4° (LEO)[48]	Intruder 8A & 8B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, presumed active		Two satellites. Premature 2nd stage cutoff during launch. Lifetime reduced by need to correct orbit.
L-32[49]		USA-223	21 November 2010 22:58[50]	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy	35,939 x 35,648km x 4.3° (GSO)[51]	Orion 7[24]	SIGINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-33[52]		USA-252	22 May 2014 13:09	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 401	35,810 x 35,778km x 2.7° (GSO)[53]	Quasar 19[4]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-34	Odin[54]	USA-229	15 April 2011 04:24	VAFB, SLC-3E[50]	Atlas V 411	1,252 x 974km x 63.4° (LEO)[55]	Intruder 9A & 9B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, presumed active		Two satellites.
L-35	Jacquelyn	USA-259	13 December 2014 03:19	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 541	39,148 x 1,221km x 63.3° (Molniya)[56]	Trumpet 6 (third generation)[57]	ELINT	Entered service, presumed active		First flight of the RL10C-1 rocket engine, used by the Centaur upper stage
L-36[58]		USA-238[59]	13 September 2012 21:39[41]	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 401[60]	1,217 x 1,009km x 63.4° (LEO)[61]	Intruder 10A & 10B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, presumed active		Two satellites sharing a designation.
L-37[62]		USA-268	June 11, 2016 17:51	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy	36,024 x 35,563km x 6.6° (GSO)[63]	Orion 9[24]	SIGINT[64]	Entered service, presumed active		Likely the seventh so called Mentor/Orion satellite for the National Security Agency.[65]
L-38[66]	Drake	USA-236	20 June 2012 12:28[41]	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 401	35,826 x 35,762km x 2.7° (GSO)[67]	Quasar 18[4]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-39[68]		USA-247	6 December 2013 07:14[69]	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 501	1,114 x 1,108km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[70]	Topaz 3[43]	Radar imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-41[49]	Gladys[31]	USA-215[1]	21 September 2010 04:03[50]	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 501	1,113 x 1,109km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[71]	Topaz 1[43]	Radar imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-42[72]		USA-278	24 September 2017 05:49:47	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 541	39,188 x 1,179km x 63.7° (Molniya)[73]	Trumpet 7 (third generation)[57]	ELINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-44[72]		USA-311	11 December 2020 01:09	CCSFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy	GSO	Orion 10[65]	SIGINT[64]	Entered service, presumed active[74]
L-45[68]		USA-267	10 February 2016 11:40	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV M+(5,2)	1,114 x 1,107km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[75]	Topaz 4[43]	Radar imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-47		USA-281	12 January 2018 22:11	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV M+(5,2)	1,088 x 1,085km x 106° (Retrograde LEO)[76]	Topaz 5[43]	Radar imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-49[49]	Betty[31]	USA-224	20 January 2011 21:10[77]	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV Heavy	1,025 x 266km x 97.9° (LEO)[78]	KH-11 15[5]	Optical imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-52[72]		USA-279	15 October 2017 07:28	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 421	35,811 x 35,777km x 3.3° (GSO)[79]	Quasar 21[80]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-55[72]		USA-264	8 October 2015 12:49	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 401	1,145 x 1,081km x 63.4° (LEO)[81][82]	Intruder 11A & 11B	Naval reconnisance[65]	Entered service, presumed active		Two classified satellites (NROL-55) and 13 CubeSats.
L-61[72]	Spike[83]	USA-269	28 July 2016 12:37[84]	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 421	35,813 x 35,775km x 3.0° (GSO)[85][86]	Quasar 20[80]	Communications	Entered service, presumed active
L-65[87]		USA-245	28 August 2013 18:03	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV Heavy	1,018 x 275km x 97.9° (LEO)[88]	KH-11 16[5]	Optical imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-66[89]		USA-225	6 February 2011 12:26	VAFB, SLC-8	Minotaur I	1,232 x 1,214km x 90.1° (LEO)[90]	RPP	Technology	Entered service, status unknown
L-67[91]		USA-250	10 April 2014 17:45	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 541	35,811 x 35,777km x 1.4° (GSO)[92]	SIGINT High Altitude Replenishment Program (SHARP-1)	SIGINT	Entered service, presumed active
L-68[64]		-	2022[93]	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy				Awaiting launch
L-70[64]		-	2023[93]	CCAFS, SLC-37B	Delta IV Heavy				Awaiting launch
L-71[72]		USA-290	19 January 2019 19:05[41][94]	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV Heavy	419 x 408km x 92.7° (LEO)[95]	KH-11 17[5]	Optical imaging	Entered service, presumed active
L-76[96]		USA-276	1 May 2017 11:15[97]	KSC, LC-39A	Falcon 9 Full Thrust	402 x 391km x 50.0° (LEO)[98][99][100]			Entered service, presumed active
L-79[72][101]		USA-274	1 March 2017 17:50[102]	VAFB, SLC-3E	Atlas V 401	1,120 x 1,105km x 63.4° (LEO)[103]	Intruder 12A & 12B[19]	Naval reconnaissance	Entered service, presumed active		Two classified satellites sharing a designation.
L-82[64][104]		-	February 2021[74]	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV Heavy			Electro-optical surveillance	Awaiting launch
L-85[105]		-	2021	CC, LC-39A or SLC-40	Falcon 9 Block 5	LEO 63°[106]	Intruder 13A & 13B	Naval reconnaissance	Awaiting launch
L-87[105]		-	2021[94]	VAFB, SLC-4E	Falcon 9 Block 5	SSO[106]			Awaiting launch
L-91[104]		-	2022[93]	VAFB, SLC-6	Delta IV Heavy				Awaiting launch
L-101		USA-310	13 November 2020 22:32[107]	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 531	11073 x 11091 km x 58.5° (MEO)[108]			Entered service, presumed active
L-107[105]		-	March 2022	CCAFS, SLC-41	Atlas V 551	GSO 42464 x 41864 km x 0°	Silent Barker	Situational awareness[109]	Awaiting launch
L-108[110]		USA-312 USA-313	19 December 2020 14:00[111]	KSC, LC-39A	Falcon 9 Block 5	540 x 520km x 51.35°(LEO)[112]			Entered service, presumed active		Two satellites.
L-111		-	March 2021[113]	MARS, LP-0B	Minotaur I			Technology	Awaiting launch
L-129[114][115]		USA-305 USA-306 USA-307 USA-308	15 July 2020, 13:46 UTC	MARS, LP-0B	Minotaur IV / Orion 38	584 x 575km x 54.0° (LEO)[116]			Entered service, presumed active		Four payloads. First NRO launch on a Minotaur IV and first from Virginia's Space Coast.[117]
L-151[118][119] (RASR-1)		USA-294[120]	31 January 2020 02:56[121]	Mahia, LC-1A	Electron	602 x 581km x 70.0° (LEO)[122]		Technology	Entered service, presumed active		First Rocket Lab Electron launch, first launch from outside the United States (New Zealand), and first launch procured under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program. Flew on Rocket Lab's "Birds of a Feather" mission.
RASR-2[123][124]		USA-301 USA-302 USA-303	13 June 2020 05:12	Mahia, LC-1A	Electron				Entered service, presumed active		Three technology demonstration smallsats. Primary customer of the rideshare mission procured under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program. Flew on Rocket Lab's "Don't Stop Me Now" mission.
Undesignated[125]		IMPACT-2A and IMPACT-2B	2 November 2019 13:59:47	MARS, Pad 0A	Antares			Technology Demonstration	Entered service, presumed active		Two technology demonstration CubeSats launched as part of the NRO's IMPACT program. Secondary payloads, launched with Cygnus NG-12.
TBD[126]		-	1 June 2021	Mahia, LC-1A	Electron				Awaiting launch		Back-to-back launch under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program.
TBD[126]		-	1 June 2021	Mahia, LC-1B	Electron				Awaiting launch		Back-to-back launch under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program.
L-174[127]		-	2021	MARS, LP-0B	Minotaur IV / Orion 38				Awaiting launch
Launch Designation	Launch Name	Satellite Designation	Launch Date/Time (UTC)	Launch Site	Rocket	Orbit	Project	Function	Status	Patch	Remarks

See also

• List of USA satellites

References

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External links

• National Security Space Launch Report (pages 112)