List of human spaceflights, 1981–1990

This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1981 to 1990, spanning the end of the Soviet Union's Salyut space station program, the beginning of Mir, and the start of the US Space Shuttle program.

  • Red indicates fatalities.
  • Green indicates suborbital flights (including flights that failed to attain intended orbit).
# Crew Launch
spacecraft		 Habitation Return
spacecraft		 Brief mission summary
80 Vladimir Kovalyonok (3)
Viktor Savinykh (1)		 13 March 1981
Soyuz T-4		 Salyut 6 26 May 1981
Soyuz T-4
81 Vladimir Dzhanibekov (2)
Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa		 22 March 1981
Soyuz 39		 Salyut 6 29 March 1981
Soyuz 39		 First Mongolian in space (Gürragchaa).
82 John W. Young (5)
Robert L. Crippen (1)		 12 April 1981
STS-1, Columbia		 14 April 1981
STS-1, Columbia		 First Space Shuttle flight. Systems test.
83 Leonid Popov (2)
Dumitru Prunariu		 14 May 1981
Soyuz 40		 Salyut 6 22 May 1981
Soyuz 40		 First Romanian in space (Prunariu). Magnetic field observations. Final Soyuz flight.
84 Joseph H. Engle (1)
Richard H. Truly (1)		 12 November 1981
STS-2, Columbia		 14 November 1981
STS-2, Columbia		 First re-use of a crewed orbital spacecraft. Systems test. Earth science observations.
85 Jack R. Lousma (2)
C. Gordon Fullerton (1)		 22 March 1982
STS-3, Columbia		 30 March 1982
STS-3, Columbia		 Further system testing. Miscellaneous scientific experiments and Earth science observations.
86 Anatoli Brergovoy
Valentin Lebedev (2)		 12 May 1982
Soyuz T-5		 Salyut 7 10 December 1982
Soyuz T-7		 First mission to Salyut 7. Deployment of radio communications satellite.
87 Vladimir Dzhanibekov (3)
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (2)
Jean-Loup Chrétien (1)		 24 June 1982
Soyuz T-6		 Salyut 7 2 July 1982
Soyuz T-6		 First French citizen in space (Chrétien).
88 Thomas K. Mattingly (2)
Henry W. Hartsfield (1)		 27 June 1982
STS-4, Columbia		 4 July 1982
STS-4, Columbia		 Final Space Shuttle R&D flight. Miscellaneous scientific experiments plus classified US Air Force payload.
89 Leonid Popov (3)
Aleksandr Serebrov (1)
Svetlana Savitskaya (1)		 19 August 1982
Soyuz T-7		 Salyut 7 27 August 1982
Soyuz T-5		 Second woman in space (Savitskaya).
90 Vance D. Brand (2)
Robert F. Overmyer (1)
Joseph P. Allen (1)
William B. Lenoir		 11 November 1982
STS-5, Columbia		 16 November 1982
STS-5, Columbia		 Launched commercial ANIK C-3 and SBS-C communications satellites. Planned EVA cancelled due to space suit malfunction.
91 Paul J. Weitz (2)
Karol J. Bobko (1)
Donald H. Peterson
F. Story Musgrave (1)		 4 April 1983
STS-6, Challenger		 9 April 1983
STS-6, Challenger		 First Space Shuttle EVA (Peterson and Musgrave). Deployment of first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-1). Miscellaneous science experiments.
92 Vladimir Titov (1)
Gennadi Strekalov (2)
Aleksandr Serebrov (2)		 20 April 1983
Soyuz T-8		 22 April 1983
Soyuz T-8		 Failed to dock with Salyut 7.
93 Robert L. Crippen (2)
Frederick H. Hauck (1)
John M. Fabian (1)
Sally K. Ride (1)
Norman E. Thagard (1)		 18 June 1983
STS-7, Challenger		 24 June 1983
STS-7, Challenger		 Two communications satellites launched. First American woman in space (Ride). Investigation into behavior of ant colony in zero gravity. Various microgravity experiments.
94 Vladimir Lyakhov (2)
Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1)		 26 June 1983
Soyuz T-9		 Salyut 7 23 November 1983
Soyuz T-9
95 Richard H. Truly (2)
Daniel C. Brandenstein (1)
Dale A. Gardner (1)
Guion Bluford (1)
William E. Thornton (1)		 30 August 1983
STS-8, Challenger		 5 September 1983
STS-8, Challenger		 First African-American in space (Bluford). First night launch and landing. Deployed INSAT-1B satellite for India. Observation of behavior of rats in space.
— Vladimir Titov
Gennady Strekalov		 26 September 1983
Soyuz T-10-1		 Launch failed due to fire. Crew ejected.
96 John W. Young (6)
Brewster H. Shaw (1)
Owen K. Garriott (2)
Robert A. Parker (1)
Byron K. Lichtenberg (1)
Ulf Merbold (1)		 28 November 1983
STS-9, Columbia		 8 December 1983
STS-9, Columbia		 First Spacelab (orbital laboratory) mission. First ESA astronaut, first West German astronaut and first non-American on US flight (Merbold).
97 Vance D. Brand (3)
Robert L. Gibson (1)
Bruce McCandless II (1)
Ronald E. McNair (1)
Robert L. Stewart (1)		 3 February 1984
STS-41-B,
Challenger		 11 February 1984
STS-41-B,
Challenger		 First untethered spacewalk (McCandless and Stewart). WESTAR-VI and PALAPA-B2 satellites deployed but failed to attain correct orbits.
98 Leonid Kizim (2)
Vladimir Solovyov (1)
Oleg Atkov		 4 February 1984
Soyuz T-10		 Salyut 7 2 October 1984
Soyuz T-11
99 Yury Malyshev (2)
Gennadi Strekalov (3)
Rakesh Sharma		 3 April 1984
Soyuz T-11		 Salyut 7 11 April 1984
Soyuz T-10		 First Indian in space (Sharma). Earth observation program. Life sciences and materials processing experiments.
100 Robert L. Crippen (3)
Francis R. Scobee (1)
George D. Nelson (1)
James D. A. van Hoften (1)
Terry J. Hart		 6 April 1984
STS-41-C,
Challenger		 13 April 1984
STS-41-C,
Challenger		 LDEF deployed for later retrieval. Capture, repair and redeployment of malfunctioning Solar Maximum Mission satellite.
101 Vladimir Dzhanibekov (4)
Igor Volk
Svetlana Savitskaya (2)		 17 July 1984
Soyuz T-12		 Salyut 7 29 July 1984
Soyuz T-12		 First EVA by a female astronaut (Savitskaya).
102 Henry W. Hartsfield (2)
Michael L. Coats (1)
Judith A. Resnik (1)
Steven A. Hawley (1)
Richard M. Mullane (1)
Charles D. Walker (1)		 30 August 1984
STS-41-D,
Discovery		 5 September 1984
STS-41-D,
Discovery		 Testing of experimental solar arrays. Three satellites deployed.
103 Robert L. Crippen (4)
Jon A. McBride (1)
Kathryn D. Sullivan (1)
Sally K. Ride (2)
David C. Leestma (1)
Marc Garneau (1)
Paul D. Scully-Power		 5 October 1984
STS-41-G,
Challenger		 13 October 1984
STS-41-G,
Challenger		 ERBS satellite deployed. Radar imaging. First EVA by an American woman (Sullivan). First Canadian in space (Garneau). First flight including two women.
104 Frederick H. Hauck (2)
David M. Walker (1)
Anna L. Fisher
Dale A. Gardner (2)
Joseph P. Allen (2)		 8 November 1984
STS-51-A,
Discovery		 16 November 1984
STS-51-A,
Discovery		 Deployed two communications satellites. Retrieved two malfunctioning satellites.
105 Thomas K. Mattingly (3)
Loren J. Shriver (1)
Ellison S. Onizuka (1)
James F. Buchli (1)
Gary E. Payton		 24 January 1985
STS-51-C,
Discovery		 27 January 1985
STS-51-C,
Discovery		 First mission for the U.S. Department of Defense. Classified payload, possibly intelligence-gathering satellite.
106 Karol J. Bobko (2)
Donald E. Williams (1)
M. Rhea Seddon (1)
Jeffrey A. Hoffman (1)
S. David Griggs
Charles D. Walker (2)
E. Jake Garn		 12 April 1985
STS-51-D,
Discovery		 19 April 1985
STS-51-D,
Discovery		 Communications satellite deployed. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First senator in space (Garn).
107 Robert F. Overmyer (2)
Frederick D. Gregory (1)
Don L. Lind
Norman E. Thagard (2)
William E. Thornton (2)
Lodewijk van den Berg
Taylor G. Wang		 29 April 1985
STS-51-B,
Challenger		 6 May 1985
STS-51-B,
Challenger		 Second Spacelab mission; microgravity experiments. Observation of behaviour of monkeys and rodents in space.
108 Vladimir Dzhanibekov (5) 5 June 1985
Soyuz T-13		 Salyut 7 26 September 1985
Soyuz T-13		 Repair of crippled Salyut 7 station.
Viktor Savinykh (2) 21 November 1985
Soyuz T-14
109 Daniel C. Brandenstein (2)
John O. Creighton (1)
Shannon W. Lucid (1)
Steven R. Nagel (1)
John M. Fabian (2)
Patrick Baudry
Sultan Salman Al Saud		 17 June 1985
STS-51-G,
Discovery		 24 June 1985
STS-51-G,
Discovery		 Three communications satellites deployed. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Saudi and the first Arab in space (Al-Saud).
110 C. Gordon Fullerton (2)
Roy D. Bridges
F. Story Musgrave (2)
Anthony W. England
Karl G. Henize
Loren W. Acton
John-David F. Bartoe		 29 July 1985
STS-51-F,
Challenger		 6 August 1985
STS-51-F,
Challenger		 Spacelab-2 mission. Miscellaneous science experiments. Three communications satellites deployed.
111 Joseph H. Engle (2)
Richard O. Covey (1)
James D.A. van Hoften (2)
John M. Lounge (1)
William F. Fisher		 27 August 1985
STS-51-I,
Discovery		 3 September 1985
STS-51-I,
Discovery		 Three communications satellites deployed. Retrieval, repair and redeployment of LEASAT-3 satellite.
112 Vladimir Vasyutin
Aleksandr Volkov (1)		 17 September 1985
Soyuz T-14		 Salyut 7 21 November 1985
Soyuz T-14
Georgi Grechko (3) 26 September 1985
Soyuz T-13
113 Karol J. Bobko (3)
Ronald J. Grabe (1)
David C. Hilmers (1)
Robert L. Stewart (2)
William A. Pailes		 3 October 1985
STS-51-J,
Atlantis		 7 October 1985
STS-51-J,
Atlantis		 Second U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, believed to be two communications satellites.
114 Henry W. Hartsfield (3)
Steven R. Nagel (1)
James F. Buchli (2)
Guion Bluford (2)
Bonnie J. Dunbar (1)
Reinhard Furrer
Ernst Messerschmid
Wubbo J. Ockels		 30 October 1985
STS-61-A,
Challenger		 6 November 1985
STS-61-A,
Challenger		 German-sponsored Spacelab mission. Microgravity experiments. First Dutchman in space (Ockels).
115 Brewster H. Shaw (2)
Bryan D. O'Connor (1)
Mary L. Cleave (1)
Sherwood C. Spring
Jerry L. Ross (1)
Rodolfo Neri Vela
Charles D. Walker (3)		 26 November 1985
STS-61-B,
Atlantis		 3 December 1985
STS-61-B,
Atlantis		 Three communications satellites deployed. Demonstration of in-orbit construction techniques. First Mexican in space (Neri Vela).
116 Robert L. Gibson (2)
Charles F. Bolden (1)
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (1)
Steven A. Hawley (2)
George D. Nelson (2)
Robert J. Cenker
Clarence W. Nelson		 12 January 1986
STS-61-C,
Columbia		 18 January 1986
STS-61-C,
Columbia		 Deployment of communications satellite. Miscellaneous science experiments.
— Francis R. Scobee (2)
Michael J. Smith
Judith A. Resnik (2)
Ellison S. Onizuka (2)
Ronald E. McNair (2)
Gregory B. Jarvis
S. Christa McAuliffe		 28 January 1986
STS-51-L, Challenger		 Disintegrated 73 seconds after launch with loss of all crew.
117 Leonid Kizim (3)
Vladimir Solovyov (2)		 13 March 1986
Soyuz T-15		 Mir
Salyut 7
Mir		 16 July 1986
Soyuz T-15		 First expedition to Mir. Last expedition to Salyut 7.
118 Alexander Laveykin 7 February 1987
Soyuz TM-2		 Mir 30 July 1987
Soyuz TM-2		 Mir crew rotation and maintenance.
Yuri Romanenko (3) 29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3
119 Aleksandr Viktorenko (1)
Mohammed Faris		 22 July 1987
Soyuz TM-3		 Mir 30 July 1987
Soyuz TM-2		 Mir crew rotation. First Syrian in space (Faris).
Aleksandr Aleksandrov (2) 29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3
120 Anatoli Levchenko 21 December 1987
Soyuz TM-4		 Mir 29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3		 Mir crew rotation. Biological experiments and astronomical observations.
Vladimir Titov (2)
Musa Manarov (1)		 21 December 1988
Soyuz TM-6
121 Anatoly Solovyev (1)
Victor Savinykh (3)
Aleksandr Aleksandrov		 7 June 1988
Soyuz TM-5		 Mir 17 June 1988
Soyuz TM-4
122 Vladimir Lyakhov (3)
Abdul Ahad Mohmand		 29 August 1988
Soyuz TM-6		 Mir 7 September 1988
Soyuz TM-5		 Mir crew rotation. First Afghan in space (Mohmand).
Valeri Polyakov (1) 27 April 1989
Soyuz TM-7
123 Frederick H. Hauck (3)
Richard O. Covey (2)
John M. Lounge (2)
George D. Nelson (3)
David C. Hilmers (2)		 28 September 1988
STS-26, Discovery		 3 October 1988
STS-26, Discovery		 First "Return to Flight" Space Shuttle mission after Challenger Disaster. Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-3 (TDRS-3).
124 Aleksandr Volkov (2)
Sergei Krikalev (1)		 26 November 1988
Soyuz TM-7		 Mir 27 April 1989
Soyuz TM-7		 Mir crew rotation. Technology experiments. First European EVA (Chrétien).
Jean-Loup Chrétien (2) 21 December 1988
Soyuz TM-6
125 Robert L. Gibson (3)
Guy S. Gardner (1)
Richard M. Mullane (2)
Jerry L. Ross (2)
William M. Shepherd (1)		 2 December 1988
STS-27, Atlantis		 6 December 1988
STS-27, Atlantis		 U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly Lacrosse 1 radar reconnaissance satellite.
126 Michael L. Coats (2)
John E. Blaha (1)
James P. Bagian (1)
James F. Buchli (3)
Robert C. Springer (1)		 13 March 1989
STS-29, Discovery		 18 March 1989
STS-29, Discovery		 Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-4 (TDRS-4). Miscellaneous science experiments.
127 David M. Walker (2)
Ronald J. Grabe (2)
Norman E. Thagard (3)
Mary L. Cleave (2)
Mark C. Lee (1)		 4 May 1989
STS-30, Atlantis		 8 May 1989
STS-30, Atlantis		 Magellan probe deployed.
128 Brewster H. Shaw (3)
Richard N. Richards (1)
James C. Adamson (1)
David C. Leestma (2)
Mark N. Brown (1)		 8 August 1989
STS-28, Columbia		 13 August 1989
STS-28, Columbia		 U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly military communications and reconnaissance satellites.
129 Alexander Viktorenko (2)
Aleksandr Serebrov (3)		 5 September 1989
Soyuz TM-8		 Mir 19 February 1990
Soyuz TM-8		 Mir equipment installation.
130 Donald E. Williams (2)
Michael J. McCulley
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (2)
Shannon W. Lucid (2)
Ellen S. Baker (1)		 18 October 1989
STS-34, Atlantis		 23 October 1989
STS-34, Atlantis		 Galileo probe deployed.
131 Frederick D. Gregory (2)
John E. Blaha (2)
F. Story Musgrave (3)
Manley L. Carter
Kathryn C. Thornton (1)		 22 November 1989
STS-33, Discovery		 27 November 1989
STS-33, Discovery		 U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite. First African-American Shuttle Commander.
132 Daniel C. Brandenstein (3)
James D. Wetherbee (1)
Bonnie J. Dunbar (2)
G. David Low (1)
Marsha S. Ivins (1)		 9 January 1990
STS-32, Columbia		 20 January 1990
STS-32, Columbia		 Deployment of defense communications satellite. Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) retrieval.
133 Anatoly Solovyev (2)
Alexander Balandin		 11 February 1990
Soyuz TM-9		 Mir 17 July 1990
Soyuz TM-9
134 John O. Creighton (2)
John H. Casper (1)
Richard M. Mullane (3)
David C. Hilmers (3)
Pierre J. Thuot (1)		 28 February 1990
STS-36, Atlantis		 4 March 1990
STS-36, Atlantis		 U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedlyreconnaissance satellite.
135 Loren J. Shriver (2)
Charles F. Bolden (2)
Steven A. Hawley (3)
Bruce McCandless II (2)
Kathryn D. Sullivan (2)		 24 April 1990
STS-31, Discovery		 29 April 1990
STS-31, Discovery		 Hubble Space Telescope deployed.
136 Gennadi Strekalov (4)
Gennadi Manakov (1)		 3 August 1990
Soyuz TM-10		 Mir 10 December 1990
Soyuz TM-10
137 Richard N. Richards (2)
Robert D. Cabana (1)
William M. Shepherd (2)
Bruce E. Melnick (1)
Thomas D. Akers (1)		 6 October 1990
STS-41, Discovery		 10 October 1990
STS-41, Discovery		 Ulysses probe deployed. Miscellaneous science experiments.
138 Richard O. Covey (3)
Frank L. Culbertson (1)
Robert C. Springer (2)
Carl J. Meade (1)
Charles D. Gemar (1)		 15 November 1990
STS-38, Atlantis		 20 November 1990
STS-38, Atlantis		 U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite.
139 Vance D. Brand (4)
Guy S. Gardner (2)
Jeffrey A. Hoffman (2)
John M. Lounge (3)
Robert A. Parker (2)
Samuel T. Durrance (1)
Ronald A. Parise (1)		 2 December 1990
STS-35, Columbia		 10 December 1990
STS-35, Columbia		 Ultraviolet and X-ray astronomy (ASTRO-1 observatory).
140 Viktor Afanasyev (1)
Musa Manarov (2)		 2 December 1990
Soyuz TM-11		 Mir 26 May 1991
Soyuz TM-11		 Mir crew rotation. First Japanese in space (Akiyama).
Toyohiro Akiyama 10 December 1990
Soyuz TM-10

See also

References
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