List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)
The list of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945) contains all universities that were founded in Europe after the French Revolution and before the end of World War II. Universities are regarded as comprising all institutions of higher education recognized as universities by the public or ecclesiastical authorities in charge and authorized to confer academic degrees in more than one faculty.[3] Temporary foundations are also included. Where institutions not meeting the definition of a University are included (e.g. university colleges) these are indicated by footnotes.
Humboldt University, founded in Berlin in 1810, was a much emulated model of a modern university in the 19th century (photochrom from 1900).[1]
University of London, founded in 1836, was established as an independent examining board for affiliated colleges, with King's College London and University College London as the founding colleges.[2]
At the outset of the 19th century, European universities had been severely affected by the Napoleonic Wars, their number falling in the brief span of time between 1789 and 1815 from 143 to 83.[4] By 1840 their number recovered to 98 universities with approximately 80,000 students and 5,000 professors.[4] Notwithstanding the trend towards specialized institutions of higher learning – in France, for instance, the universities had been suppressed and replaced by Grandes écoles –, the size of the student and professor bodies multiplied over the next hundred years, attaining a size of 600,000 and 32,000 members respectively at around two hundred universities.[4] In total, the period saw about 220 universities in existence that are listed below.[3][A 1]
List
The list is sorted by the date of recognition. At places where more than one university was established, the name of the institution is given in brackets.
19th century
20th century
See also
Notes
- This number also includes Russian universities in the Asian part of the country which are not included in this list.
- Closed 1835
- Not listed by Rüegg (p. 684).[3] Limited degree awarding powers: Bachelor of Divinity 1852; Bachelor of Arts 1865. College of the University of Wales 1971. Recognised as a university 2007.
- Listed as part of the University of London rather than a separate institution by Rüegg (p. 684).[3] UCL was founded in 1826 but not formally recognised as a college and affiliated to the University of London until 1836. Formally remains a college of the University of London and not a university. Degree awarding powers 2005.[6]
- Listed as part of the University of London rather than a separate institution by Rüegg (p. 684).[3] King's was recognised as a college in 1829 and affiliated to the University of London in 1836. Formally remains a college of the University of London and not a university. Degree awarding powers 2006.[8]
- Divided into French and Dutch speaking universities 1968
- Founded as a royal academy in 1842. Recognised as a Hoogeschool with university status in 1905.[11]
- Queen's College, Belfast 1845. College of the Queen's University of Ireland 1850. Affiliated to the Royal University of Ireland 1879. Recognised as a university 1908.[12]
- Queen's College, Cork 1845. College of the Queen's University of Ireland 1850. Affiliated to the Royal University of Ireland 1879. College of the National University of Ireland 1908. Recognised as a constituent university of the National University 1997.
- Queen's College, Galway 1845. College of the Queen's University of Ireland 1850. Affiliated to the Royal University of Ireland 1879. College of the National University of Ireland 1908. Recognised as a constituent university of the National University 1997.
- Owens College 1851. College of the Victoria University 1880. Recognised as a university 1903.
- Not recognised as a university by the civil authorities. Reformed as University College, Dublin and affiliated to the Royal University of Ireland 1880. College of the National University of Ireland 1908. Recognised as a constituent university of the National University 1997.
- Founded as a theological school in 1854. Recognised as a Hoogeschool with university status in 1939.[13]
- Founded as a theological school in 1854. Recognised as a university in 1987.[14]
- Established 1858 as the philosophy department of the Institut Saint-Louis. University-status confirmed in 1890.[15]
- College (school) 1808. Lyceum 1838. Advanced School (university college) 1863. University 1905.[16]
- Craft School 1830. University 1868.[18]
- Durham University College of Science 1871. Recognised as a university 1963.
- Listed as part of the University of Wales rather than a separate institution by Rüegg (p. 687). University College Wales 1872. College of the University of Wales 1893. Recognised as a university 2007.
- Yorkshire College of Science 1874. College of the Victoria University 1887. Recognised as a university 1904.[19]
- Mason Science College 1875. Recognised as a university 1900.
- University College, Bristol 1876. Recognised as a university 1909.
- Opened as a trade school in 1842. Formation of Polytechnic School by merger with other schools in 1869. Elevated to status of Technische Hochschule with university status in 1877 (foundation year acc. university). Current name as Technical University of Darmstadt since 1997.[20]
- Founded as an agricultural college in 1876. Recognised as a Hoogeschool with university status in 1918.[11]
- Firth College 1879. Recognised as a university 1905.
- University College, Nottingham 1881. Recognised as a university 1948.
- University College, Dundee 1881. College of the University of St Andrews 1897. Recognised as a university 1967.
- University College, Liverpool 1883. College of the Victoria University 1884. Recognised as a university 1903.
- Listed as part of the University of Wales rather than a separate institution by Rüegg (p. 687). University College South Wales and Monmouthshire 1883. College of the University of Wales 1893. Recognised as a university 2005.
- Listed as part of the University of Wales rather than a separate institution by Rüegg (p. 687). University College North Wales 1884. College of the University of Wales 1893. Recognised as a university 2007.
- Founded as a theological school in The Hague in 1894. Relocated to Apeldoorn in 1919. Recognised as a Hoogeschool with university status in 1962.[23]
- University Extension College 1892. University College Reading 1901. Recognised as a university 1926.
- Hartley University College 1902. Recognised as a university 1952.[25]
- Founded as a college of the University of London by merging the pre-existing Royal College of Science, Royal School of Mines and City and Guilds College into a single institution. Separated from the University of London in 2007 becoming independent.[26]
- Teachers School 1913. University 1997.
- Founded as a school in 1913. Recognised as a Hoogeschool with university status in 1937. Current name as Erasmus University since 1973[11]
- Founded as a school of commerce in 1919. Recognised as a Hoogeschool with university status in 1939.[11]
- Listed as part of the University of Wales rather than a separate institution by Rüegg (p. 687). University College Swansea 1920, a college of the University of Wales. Recognised as a university 2007.
- Specialist graduate school rather than full university
References
- Rüegg 2004, pp. 4–6
- "University of London: History". Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- Rüegg 2004, pp. 673–691
- Rüegg 2004, p. 3
- "About UCL". Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- "Your Degree". UCL. Archived from the original on 10 July 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- "King's College London – Overview". Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- "King's Governance". King's College London. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- "History of DTU". Retrieved 18 Sep 2016.
- "Schéma directeur de l'UCLouvain" (PDF). UCLouvain. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
- Rüegg 2004, pp. 39
- "History of Queen's". Queen's University Belfast. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- About the PthU – website of the Protestant Theological University]
- "History". Theological University Kampen. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- "A short history of Saint-Louis". Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- "History of the University of Belgrade". University of Belgrade. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- "About the University". Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
- "ОЧЕРК СЕДЬМОЙ БОРЬБА ЗА СТАТУС ВЫСШЕГО УЧЕБНОГО ЗАВЕДЕНИЯ". Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
- "Heritage". University of Leeds. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- History: From Institution of Higher Education to University – website of the TU Darmstadt
- "About: Facts and figures". University of Dundee. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
- University of Deusto website: History and Mission (retrieved 9 Sept 2012)
- About TUA – website of the Theological University of Apeldoorn
- "Schéma directeur de l'UCLouvain" (PDF). UCLouvain. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
- "Our history timeline". University of Southampton. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- "Imperial College London – A timeline of College developments". Imperial College London. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
- Гісторыя Магілёўскага дзяржаўнага універсітэта (1913—1940 гг.): дакументы і матэрыялы / аўт.-склад.: А. Р. Агееў, К. М. Бандарэнка, В. П. Клімковіч; пад агульн. рэд. К. М. Бандарэнкі. — Магілёў: МДУ імя А. А. Куляшова, 2008. — 216 с.
- Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Central Archives, fund 377.
Sources
- Rüegg, Walter: "Themes", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, pp. 3–31
- Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List: Universities", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, pp. 673–691
Further reading
- Jílek, Jubor (ed.): "Historical Compendium of European Universities/Répertoire Historique des Universités Européennes", Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE), Geneva 1984
- Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2
- Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. II: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-521-36106-0
- Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. IV: Universities Since 1945, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-36108-8
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