List of violent typhoons

A Violent typhoon is the highest category used by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) to classify tropical cyclones that has reached typhoon intensity in the Northwest Pacific basin. The basin is limited to the north of the equator between the 100th meridian east and the 180th meridian. The category of a violent typhoon is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 105 knots (194 km/h; 121 mph) or greater.

Typhoon Mangkhut during its peak strength in September 2018

Background

RSMC Tokyo's Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale

Category	Sustained winds
Violent Typhoon	≥105 knots ≥194 km/h
Very Strong Typhoon	85–104 knots 157–193 km/h
Typhoon	64–84 knots 118–156 km/h
Severe Tropical Storm	48–63 knots 89–117 km/h
Tropical Storm	34–47 knots 62–88 km/h
Tropical Depression	≤33 knots ≤61 km/h

The Northwest Pacific basin covers a vast area in the Pacific Ocean, located north of the equator, between 100°E and 180°E.[1] Several weather agencies monitor this basin, however it is officially monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA, RSMC Tokyo), who is responsible for forecasting, naming and issuing warnings for tropical cyclones.[1] Unofficially, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitors the basin, however these warnings measures 1-minute sustained wind speeds, comparing their scale to the Saffir–Simpson scale.[2] The JMA uses a simpler scale on classifying tropical cyclones adapted by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee measuring 10-minute sustained wind speeds, ranging from a tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm and typhoon.[3] Furthermore, the JMA divides the typhoon category into three sub-categories for domestic purposes – a strong typhoon, very strong typhoon and violent typhoon.[3]

This article covers a list of systems developing in the Northwest Pacific basin that were classified by the JMA's category of a violent typhoon. The category of a violent typhoon ranges with 10-minute sustained winds of 105 kn (54 m/s; 121 mph; 194 km/h) or greater.[3]

Systems

Key

• Discontinuous duration (weakened below a "Violent" typhoon then restrengthened to that classification at least once)

20th century

Name	System dates	Duration (hours)	Sustained wind speeds	Pressure	Areas affected	Deaths	Damage (USD)	Refs
Vera	July 30 – 31, 1977	18†	205 km/h (125 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, East China	Unknown	5
Babe	September 8, 1977	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Ryukyu Islands, East China	$23 million	23
Lucy	December 3 – 4, 1977	12	205 km/h (125 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Caroline Islands	None	None
Rita	October 22 – 26, 1978	96	220 km/h (140 mph)	880 hPa (25.98 inHg)	Micronesia, Philippines	$100 million	>300
Viola	November 22, 1978	6	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.97 inHg)	Caroline Islands	None	None
Hope	July 31 – August 1, 1979	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Indochina, Bangladesh	Unknown	12
Judy	August 19 – 20, 1979	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China, South Korea	Unknown	111
Tip	October 11 – 13, 1979	72	260 km/h (160 mph)	870 hPa (25.69 inHg)	Micronesia, Ryukyu Islands, Japan	Unknown	99
Vera	November 4 – 5, 1979	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines	Unknown	Unknown
Wynne	October 9 – 11, 1980	54	220 km/h (140 mph)	890 hPa (26.28 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan	10	Unknown
Elsie	September 27 – 30, 1981	72	220 km/h (140 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	None	None	None
Irma	November 22 – 23, 1981	30†	205 km/h (125 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Philippines	593	$63.3 million
Bess	July 28 – 30, 1982	42	230 km/h (145 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Japan	95	$2.32 billion
Cecil	August 8, 1982	12	205 km/h (125 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Taiwan, East China, Korean Peninsula	54	Unknown
Mac	October 5, 1982	18	220 km/h (140 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Japan	None	$1.5 million
Wayne	July 24, 1983	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Philippines, South China	147	Unknown
Abby	August 8 – 13, 1983	96†	220 km/h (140 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Japan	7	Unknown
Ellen	September 6, 1983	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, South China	23	$79.7 million
Forrest	September 22 – 25, 1983	48†	205 km/h (125 mph)	885 hPa (26.13 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea	21	Unknown
Marge	October 4 – 5, 1983	36	220 km/h (140 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Mariana Islands	None	None
Orchid	November 23, 1983	12	205 km/h (125 mph)	930 hPa (27.46 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines	170	Unknown
Vanessa	October 25 – 18, 1984	72	220 km/h (140 mph)	880 hPa (25.97 inHg)	Caroline Islands	3	$1.7 million
Agnes	November 4, 1984	6	195 km/h (120 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Philippines, Indochina	1,029	$96.6 million
Dot	October 16 – 17, 1985	42	220 km/h (140 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Philippines, South China, Vietnam	90	$68 million
Lola	May 19 – 20, 1986	42	220 km/h (140 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Caroline Islands	None	None
Peggy	July 6 – 7, 1986	12	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, South China	422	$2.5 million
Kim	December 2 – 3, 1986	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Mariana Islands	None	None
Betty	August 11 – 12, 1987	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	890 hPa (26.28 inHg)	Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand	92	$100 million
Holly	September 8 – 10, 1987	48	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Marshall Islands	None	None
Freda	September 10, 1987	18	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands	None	None
Lynn	October 20, 1987	6	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, South China	49	$42.3 million
Flo	September 16 – 18, 1990	42	220 km/h (140 mph)	890 hPa (26.28 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan	38	$4 billion
Page	November 27, 1990	18	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan	None	None
Ruth	October 24 – 26, 1991	60	215 km/h (130 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Philippines	30	Unknown
Yuri	November 26 – 28, 1991	54	220 km/h (140 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands	None	$36 million
Gay	November 20 – 21, 1992	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan	1	None
Koryn	June 24 – 25, 1993	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	905 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, South China	37	$224 million
Melissa	September 16, 1994	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Marshall Islands, Japan	3	None
Seth	October 7 – 8, 1994	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula	9	$2.3 million
Zelda	November 4 – 5 1994	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Marshall Islands, Japan	3	None
Angela	November 1 – 2, 1995	36	215 km/h (130 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Philippines, Vietnam	936	$315 million
Ivan	October 17 – 18, 1997	30	195 km/h (120 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines	14	$9.6 million
Joan	October 17 – 20, 1997	72	195 km/h (120 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands	1	$200 thousand
Keith	November 2 – 3, 1997	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands	None	$15 million
Zeb	October 13 – 14, 1998	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Philippines, Japan	122	$576 million

21st century

Name	System dates	Duration (hours)	Sustained wind speeds	Pressure	Areas affected	Deaths	Damage (USD)	Refs
Bilis	August 21 – 22, 2000	24	220 km/h (140 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, China	71	$668 million
Faxai	December 22 – 23, 2001	12	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands	2	$1 million
Maemi	September 10 – 11, 2003	18	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Japan, Korean Peninsula	120	$4.1 billion
Chaba	August 22 – 25, 2004	78	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Japan, Ryukyu Islands, South Korea	20	$2 billion
Haitang	July 16 – 17, 2005	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, East China	13	$1.1 billion
Saomai	August 9, 2006	12	195 km/h (120 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, China	458	$2.5 billion
Ioke	August 30 – 31, 2006	36	195 km/h (120 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Wake Island	None	None
Shanshan	September 15 – 16, 2006	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	919 hPa (27.14 inHg)	Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, Korean Peninsula	11	$2.5 billion
Yagi	September 21, 2006	12	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Japan	None	None
Durian	November 29, 2006	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia	1,501	$530 million
Sepat	August 15 – 16, 2007	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, China	43	$693 million
Krosa	October 5 – 6, 2007	27	195 km/h (120 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Taiwan, East China	5	$1.7 billion
Rammasun	May 10, 2008	12	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Japan	4	$9.6 million
Jangmi	September 27, 2008	18	215 km/h (130 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Taiwan, Japan	8	$87.8 million
Choi-wan	September 15 – 16, 2009	36	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands	None	Unknown	[4]
Melor	October 4 – 5, 2009	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan	3	$1.5 billion	[5]
Nida	November 25 – 26, 2009	36	215 km/h (130 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands	None	None	[6]
Megi	October 17 – 18, 2010	36	230 km/h (145 mph)	885 hPa (26.13 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, East China	69	$709 million	[7]
Songda	May 26 – 27, 2011	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Philippines, Japan	17	$287 million	[8]
Sanba	September 13 – 14, 2012	24	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Japan, Korean Peninsula	6	$379 million	[9]
Jelawat	September 24 – 26, 2012	60	205 km/h (125 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, Japan	2	$27.4 million	[10]
Utor	August 11, 2013	6	195 km/h (120 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Philippines, South China	97	$3.55 billion	[11]
Usagi	September 19 – 20, 2013	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Philippines, Taiwan, South China	39	$4.32 billion	[12]
Francisco	October 18 – 20, 2013	36	195 km/h (120 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Japan	None	$150 thousand	[13]
Lekima	October 22 – 24, 2013	54	215 km/h (130 mph)	905 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Mariana Islands	None	None	[14]
Haiyan	November 6 – 8, 2013	42	230 km/h (145 mph)	895 hPa (26.43 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam	6,352	$2.98 billion	[15]
Halong	August 2 – 3, 2014	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan	12	$72.8 million	[16]
Genevieve	August 7 – 8, 2014	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	None	None	None	[17]
Vongfong	October 7 – 9, 2014	48	215 km/h (130 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea	9	$161 million	[18]
Nuri	November 2 – 3, 2014	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Japan	None	Unknown	[19]
Hagupit	December 4 – 5, 2014	42	215 km/h (130 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Vietnam	18	$114 million	[20]
Maysak	March 31 – April 1, 2015	42	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines	4	$8.5 million	[21]
Noul	May 10, 2015	18	205 km/h (125 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan	2	$23.8 million	[22]
Soudelor	August 3 – 4, 2015	30	215 km/h (130 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Taiwan, East China	59	$4.09 billion	[23]
Dujuan	September 27 – 28, 2015	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Taiwan, East China	3	$407 million	[24]
Nepartak	July 6 – 7, 2016	36	205 km/h (125 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, East China	111	$1.89 billion	[25]
Meranti	September 12 – 14, 2016	42	220 km/h (140 mph)	890 hPa (26.28 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, China	47	$4.79 billion	[26]
Chaba	October 3, 2016	18	215 km/h (130 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea	10	$1.29 billion	[27]
Haima	October 18 – 19, 2016	30	215 km/h (130 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, China	19	$972 million	[28]
Nock-ten	December 24 – 25, 2016	24	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines	13	$123 million	[29]
Jelawat	March 30, 2018	12	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Caroline Islands	None	None	[30]
Maria	July 9, 2018	18	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China	1	$626 million	[31]
Jebi	August 31 – September 1, 2018	36	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Japan	20	$18.6 billion	[32]
Mangkhut	September 11 – 14, 2018	90	205 km/h (125 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Philippines, South China, Vietnam	134	$3.77 billion	[33]
Trami	September 24 – 25, 2018	18	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Japan	4	$2.69 billion	[34]
Kong-rey	October 1 – 2, 2018	30	215 km/h (130 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Taiwan, Japan, Korean Peninsula	3	$172 million	[35]
Yutu	October 24 – 27, 2018	48†	215 km/h (130 mph)	900 hPa (26.58 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, South China	30	$854 million	[36]
Wutip	February 23 – 24, 2019	18	195 km/h (120 mph)	920 hPa (27.17 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands	None	$3.3 million	[37]
Lekima	August 8, 2019	6	195 km/h (120 mph)	925 hPa (27.32 inHg)	Caroline Islands, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, China, South Korea	90	$9.28 billion	[38]
Hagibis	October 7 – 19, 2019	72	195 km/h (120 mph)	915 hPa (27.02 inHg)	Mariana Islands, Japan, Russia Far East	98	$15 billion	[39]
Halong	November 5 – 6, 2019	30	215 km/h (130 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	None	None	None	[40]
Haishen	September 4, 2020	12	195 km/h (120 mph)	910 hPa (26.87 inHg)	Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula	4	$100 million
Goni	October 30 – 31, 2020	36	220 km/h (140 mph)	905 hPa (26.72 inHg)	Philippines, Vietnam, Laos	26	$393 million

Climatology

Violent typhoons by month

Month	Number of storms
January	0
February	1
March	2
April	0
May	5
June	1
July	8
August	16
September	19
October	25
November	16
December	5

Violent typhoons by decade

Period	Number of storms
1977–79	9
1980s	23
1990s	14
2000s	16
2010s	34
2020s	2

See also

• Typhoon
• Pacific typhoon season
• 2021 Pacific typhoon season

References

1. WMO/ESCP Typhoon Committee (2019). Typhoon Committee Operational Manual Meteorological Component 2019 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 1–7, 33–34. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
2. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2008-03-31). "What are the description labels used with tropical cyclones by JTWC?". Joint Typhoon Warning Center – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Retrieved 2008-12-22.
3. Typhoon Committee (2015). Typhoon Committee Operational Manual 2015 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
4. "RSMC Best Track 0914 CHOI-WAN (0914)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 13, 2009.
5. "RSMC Best Track 0918 MELOR (0918)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 27, 2009.
6. "RSMC Best Track 0924 NIDA (0924)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 12, 2010.
7. "RSMC Best Track 1013 MEGI (1013)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 10, 2010.
8. "RSMC Best Track 1102 SONGDA (1102)". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 24, 2011.
9. "RSMC Best Track 1216 SANBA (1216)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 16, 2012.
10. "RSMC Best Track 1217 JELAWAT (1217)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 26, 2012.
11. "RSMC Best Track 1311 UTOR (1311)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 10, 2013.
12. "RSMC Best Track 1319 USAGI (1319)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 23, 2013.
13. "RSMC Best Track 1327 FRANCISCO (1327)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 20, 2013.
14. "RSMC Best Track 1328 LEKIMA (1328)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 20, 2013.
15. "RSMC Best Track 1330 HAIYAN (1330)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 18, 2013.
16. "RSMC Best Track 1411 HALONG (1411)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 3, 2014.
17. "RSMC Best Track 1412 GENEVIEVE (1412)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 25, 2014.
18. "RSMC Best Track 1419 VONGFONG (1419)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 21, 2014.
19. "RSMC Best Track 1420 NURI (1420)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 26, 2014.
20. "RSMC Best Track 1422 HAGUPIT (1422)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 9, 2015.
21. "RSMC Best Track 1504 MAYSAK (1504)". Japan Meteorological Agency. May 19, 2015.
22. "RSMC Best Track 1506 NOUL (1506)". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 24, 2015.
23. "RSMC Best Track 1513 SOUDELOR (1513)". Japan Meteorological Agency. September 25, 2015.
24. "RSMC Best Track 1521 DUJUAN (1521)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 12, 2015.
25. "RSMC Best Track 1601 NEPARTAK (1601)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 22, 2016.
26. "RSMC Best Track 1614 MERANTI (1614)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 21, 2016.
27. "RSMC Best Track 1618 CHABA (1618)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 1, 2016.
28. "RSMC Best Track 1622 HAIMA (1622)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 22, 2016.
29. "RSMC Best Track 1630 NOCK-TEN (1630)". Japan Meteorological Agency. January 24, 2017.
30. "RSMC Best Track 1803 JELAWAT (1803)". Japan Meteorological Agency. April 25, 2018.
31. "RSMC Best Track 1808 MARIA (1808)". Japan Meteorological Agency. August 29, 2018.
32. "RSMC Best Track 1821 JEBI (1821)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 19, 2018.
33. "RSMC Best Track 1822 MANGKHUT (1822)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 26, 2018.
34. "RSMC Best Track 1824 TRAMI (1824)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 3, 2018.
35. "RSMC Best Track 1825 KONG-REY (1825)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 4, 2018.
36. "RSMC Best Track 1826 YUTU (1826)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 4, 2018.
37. "RSMC Best Track 1902 WUTIP (1903)". Japan Meteorological Agency. April 3, 2019.
38. "RSMC Best Track 1909 LEKIMA (1909)". Japan Meteorological Agency. October 3, 2019.
39. "RSMC Best Track 1919 HAGIBIS (1919)". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 29, 2019.
40. "RSMC Best Track 1923 HALONG (1923)". Japan Meteorological Agency. December 24, 2019.

External links

• Japan Meteorological Agency