Litening

The AN/AAQ-28(V) LITENING targeting pod is an advanced precision targeting pod system currently operational with a wide variety of aircraft worldwide. The research and development of the LITENING was first undertaken by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems' Missiles Division in Israel, with subsequent completion of LITENING I for use in the Israeli Air Force.

LITENING Pod mounted underneath a United States Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet.

LITENING significantly increases the combat effectiveness of the aircraft during day, night and under-the-weather conditions in the attack of ground and air[1] targets with a variety of standoff weapons (i.e., laser-guided bombs, conventional bombs and GPS-guided weapons). The thousandth pod was sold in October 2010.[2]

Features

LITENING is an integrated targeting pod that mounts externally to the aircraft. The targeting pod contains a high-resolution, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor that displays an infrared image of the target to the aircrew; it has a wide field of view search capability and a narrow field of view acquisition/targeting capability of battlefield-sized targets. The pod also contains a CCD camera used to obtain target imagery in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. An on-gimbal inertial navigation sensor establishes line-of-sight and automatic boresighting capability.

The pod is equipped with a laser designator for precise delivery of laser-guided munitions. A laser rangefinder provides information for various avionics systems, for example, navigation updates, weapon deliveries and target updates. The targeting pod includes an automatic target tracker to provide fully automatic stabilized target tracking at altitudes, airspeeds and slant ranges consistent with tactical weapon delivery maneuvers. These features simplify the functions of target detection and recognition, and permit attack of targets with precision-guided weapons on a single pass.

Background

The research and development program began at Rafael Advanced Defense Systems' Missiles Division in Israel, with subsequent completion of LITENING I for use in the Israeli Air Force. In 1995 Northrop Grumman Corporation teamed with Rafael for further development and sales of the LITENING pod.

Litening II/ER/AT

Northrop Grumman Corporation and Rafael Advanced Defence Systems completed product improvements on the "Basic Pod" including a third generation FLIR, laser marker and software upgrades (LITENING II) which was fielded beginning in 1999.

Northrop Grumman and Rafael Advanced Defence Systems subsequently replaced the "320x256" FLIR with a latest technology "640x512" FLIR. This pod, known as LITENING ER, extended the target detection range and was fielded in 2001. The newest version, LITENING AT, is in production and was fielded in 2003. It further extends target detection and recognition ranges, improves the target coordinate generation accuracy, and provides multi-target cueing.[3]

LITENING AT features a plug-and-play bay configured to accept a wide variety of data-links and recorders. Plug and Play II data-link capability offers increased range, digital data recording and an option to incorporate secure, two-way communications over ultra-high frequency (UHF) radios. LITENING's Plug and Play I, introduced in 2003, was the first data-link to be incorporated in a third generation targeting pod.[4]

Litening G4

LITENING G4, which began to be delivered to U.S. forces in 2008, added new sensors for improved target identification and other advanced target recognition and identification features. The LITENING G4 provides significant enhancements in terms of both recognition range and image quality due to Rafaels' AVP imaging capability.[5] The G4's technologies include a full 1Kx1K forward looking infrared and charge-coupled device, as well as short wave infrared laser imaging sensors, color symbology, tracker improvement and enhanced zoom. The LITENING Gen 4 technology and capability is also available in a kit form that allows users to upgrade their currently fielded LITENING pods. The Royal Danish Air Force is the first international partner to take delivery of G4 pods. Rafael Advanced Systems announced on the eve of DefExpo 2014 a large order for 150+ LITENING targeting pods for the Indian Air Force's combat aircraft fleet. LITENING G4 pods have been chosen by the Indian Air Force for its frontline fighter aircraft, including the Su-30 MKI, MiG-29 and others.[6]

Litening SE

LITENING SE provides laser ranging and designation in support of weapon delivery, navigational functions, and recording and data-linking of generated imagery and data. This version includes a Plug-N-Play (PnP) III(TM) digital two-way, data link LRU inside the pod. The pods are being delivered as part of the United States Air Force's Advanced Targeting Pod – Sensor Enhancement (ATP-SE) program.[7]

Litening III

The Litening III, used on the UK's RAF Typhoon aircraft, as well as the Italian Air Force AMX, also provides still image capture for reconnaissance missions in addition to the targeting capabilities found on other models.[8]

Future developments

Rafael sees an increased market in the future because of the move to stealth platforms which must have targeting systems built in. The company is developing a new model to compete for the F-35 requirement.[9] At present prototype F-35's have the equivalent of a Lockheed Martin Sniper XR built in.[10]

General characteristics[11]
Primary function: Navigation and infrared/electro-optical targeting
Prime Contractor: Rafael Corporation/Northrop Grumman
Length: 87 in (2.20 m)
Diameter: 16 in (0.406 m)
Weight: 455 lb (208 kg)
Aircraft: A-10, B-52H, F-14A/B/D, F-15E/D, AV-8B, F/A-18, F-16 Block 25/30/40/50, F-4E AUP, Su-30MKI, Aero L-159 Alca, Tornado GR4, HAL Tejas, SEPECAT Jaguar of Indian airforce, Eurofighter Typhoon, JAS-39 Gripen, Brazilian airforce: A-1M AMX International AMX, F-5M Northrop F-5, MIG-21 LanceR A/C of Romanian Air Force
Sensors: Infrared detector, CCD-TV camera, eye safe laser rangefinder and laser designator
sensor resolution (for Litening III): CCD (tv): 1K x 1K, FLIR: 640x480
Date Deployed: February 2000
Unit Cost: $1.4 million

Operators
Map with LITENING operators in blue

Current operators
 Australia
 Brazil
 Colombia
 Denmark
 Chile
 Czech Republic
 Morocco
 Finland
 Germany

Litening II Pods supplied by Rafael/Zeiss Optronik joint venture

 Greece
 Hungary
 Indonesia
 India
 Israel
  • Israeli Air Force
    • F-15I (Rafael LITENING III)
    • F-16D (Rafael LITENING probably upgraded to LITENING III )
    • F-16I (Rafael LITENING III )
 Italy
 Kazakhstan
 Netherlands
 Portugal
 Romania
 Singapore
 South Africa
 Sweden
 Spain
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United Kingdom

LITENING III RD & EF pods supplied by Ultra Electronics Limited

 United States
 Venezuela

Comparable Systems

References
  1. "AN/AAQ-28(V) LITENING Low Risk, Next Generation Targeting Pod". Archived from the original on 2016-10-26. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
  2. "ATP-SE: LITENING Strikes as USAF Splits Future Targeting Pod Orders". Archived from the original on 2010-10-27. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
  3. U.S. Air Force Factsheet: LITENING II/ER/AT Archived 2003-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman Delivers New Advanced Data-Link to U.S. Marine Corps for LITENING Targeting Pods Archived 2009-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Northrop Grumman Receives $120 Million Order to Supply LITENING Gen 4 Targeting Sensor Systems including RAFAEL AVP (Advanced Video Processor) System Archived 2009-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-04-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. Northrop Grumman Awarded U.S. Air Force Contract to Provide LITENING SE Advanced Targeting Pods Archived 2011-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Litening III Advanced Targeting/Recce Pod — Proven Operational Performance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
  9. ""Rafael eyes Litening adaptation for stealth aircraft."". Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  10. ""Electro-Optical Targeting System."". Archived from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  11. "Refael Litening III pdf file" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-17.
  12. Northrop Grumman to Upgrade Portuguese Air Force F-16s With LITENING AT: http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases.html?d=147539 Archived 2009-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
  13. "Singapore's RSAF also uses it (LITENING-III on its F-16 fleet), though it has selected Lockheed's Sniper pod to equip its F-15SGs, and will add Sniper ATPs to its F-16 Block 52+ aircraft as well". Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  14. "Gripen equipped with LITENING GIII Pod (UPDATED II)". Archived from the original on 2016-11-22. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
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