Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse

Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse (1681), duc de Penthièvre (1697), (1711), (6 June 1678 – 1 December 1737), a legitimated prince of the blood royal, was the son of Louis XIV and of his mistress Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. At the age of five, he became grand admiral of France[1] (Grand Admiral of France).

Louis Alexandre
Légitimé de France Count of Toulouse
Toulouse by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1708.
Born	6 June 1678 Versailles, France
Died	1 December 1737 (aged 59) Château de Rambouillet, France
Burial	25 November 1783 Chapelle royale de Dreux, France
Spouse	Marie Victoire de Noailles
Issue Detail	Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre
Full name Louis Alexandre de Bourbon
House	Bourbon
Father	Louis XIV of France
Mother	Madame de Montespan
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Coat of arms of Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse

Biography

Born at the Château de Clagny in Versailles, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon was the third son and youngest child of Louis XIV born out-of-wedlock with Madame de Montespan. At birth, he was put in the care of Madame de Montchevreuil along with his older sister Françoise-Marie de Bourbon.

Louis Alexandre was created Count of Toulouse in 1681 at the time of his legitimation, and, in 1683, at the age of five, grand admiral. In February 1684, he became colonel of an infantry regiment named after him and in 1693 mestre de camp of a cavalry regiment. During the War of Spanish Succession, he was given the task of defending Sicily. In January 1689, he was named governor of Guyenne, a title which he exchanged for that of governor of Brittany six years later. On 3 January 1696, he was created a marshal of France, becoming commander of the royal armies the following year. During the War of the Spanish Succession he commanded the French fleet at the Battle of Vélez-Málaga in 1704.[2]

Though his father had legitimated him and his three surviving siblings, and even declared his two sons by Madame de Montespan fit to eventually succeed him to the throne of France, this was not to be, as immediately after Louis XIV's death the Parlement of Paris reversed the king's will.

Unlike his brother, Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, who was barred from the regency council, Toulouse was not kept from a political role, and soon after, he was named (minister of the Navy), inheriting a seasoned staff headed by Joseph Pellerin. He remained in this capacity until being succeeded by Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville in 1722, the same Fleuriau d'Armenonville who had sold him the castle of Rambouillet in 1706.[3]

The proposal of his marriage to Charlotte de Lorraine, Mademoiselle d'Armagnac, member of a cadet branch of the House of Guise had met with the categorical refusal of Louis XIV.[4]

Marriage

On 2 February 1723, the comte de Toulouse married Marie Victoire de Noailles, a daughter of the Anne Jules, duc de Noailles, in a private ceremony in Paris.[5] She was the widow of Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin (1688-1712), his nephew, son of his half-brother Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, whose mother was Madame de Montespan. The marriage was kept secret until the death of the regent. The couple had one son:

• Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre (1725–1793).

Court

He and his sisters tried to avoid the court and the intrigues[6] of their brother, the duc du Maine, and his wife Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, the duchess, at the Château de Sceaux.

Shortly before his death in 1715, Louis XIV added a codicil to his will stating that if all legitimate members of the House of Bourbon, both those descended from Louis and more distant kinsmen, died out, the throne of France could be inherited by the duc du Maine and the comte de Toulouse. The decision was reversed after the death of Louis XIV when Louis Alexandre's cousin, Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, as the new regent, had the Parlement de Paris void that portion of the will.

The comte de Toulouse died at the Château de Rambouillet on 1 December 1737. He was buried in the village 12th century Saint-Lubin church. On 30 September 1766, the countess died at the Hôtel de Toulouse, the Parisian mansion not far from the Louvre which the count had bought from Phélypeaux, marquis de La Vrillière, in 1712.[7] She too was buried in the family crypt in the Rambouillet church.

Upon the count's death, the duc de Penthièvre, succeeded his father in his posts and titles. Because of the marriage of Mademoisellle de Penthièvre to Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the comte de Toulouse is an ancestor of the modern House of Orléans, which also descends from Toulouse's two surviving full sisters.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse

16. Antoine of Navarre 8. Henry IV of France 17. Jeanne III of Navarre 4. Louis XIII of France 18. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 9. Marie de' Medici 19. Joanna of Austria 2. Louis XIV of France 20. Philip II of Spain 10. Philip III of Spain 21. Anna of Austria 5. Anne of Austria 22. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria 11. Margaret of Austria 23. Maria Anna of Bavaria 1. Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse 24. René de Rochechouart, seigneur de Mortemart 12. Gaspard de Rochechouart, marquis de Mortemart 25. Jeanne de Saulx de Tavannes 6. Gabriel de Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart 26. Charles, comte de Maure 13. Louise de Maure, comtesse de Maure 27. Diane de Pérusse des Cars, princesse de Carency 3. Madame de Montespan 28. Pierre de Grandsaigne, seigneur de La Flotte 14. Jean de Grandseigne, marquis de Marsillac 29. Françoise Baillard 7. Diane de Grandseigne 30. François de La Béraudière, seigneur de Villechèze 15. Catherine de La Béraudière, dame de Villenon 31. Anne Adrienne Frotier

Notes

1. De Requeleyne, Bernard, Baron de Longepierre (1659-1721), in Bulletin du bibliophile et du bibliothécaire, Paris, 1903, p. 592.
2. Chisholm 1911. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFChisholm1911 (help)
3. Lenotre, G., Le Château de Rambouillet : six siècles d'histoire, Calmann-Lévy, collection « Châteaux : décors de l'histoire », Paris, 1930, p. 256; Réédition : Denoël, Paris, 1984, p. 215.
4. De Requeleyne, Bernard, Baron de Longepierre (1659-1721), p. 598.
5. Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles, comtesse de Toulouse
6. see the Cellamare conspiracy Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maine, Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, Duchesse du" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press..
7. The mansion had been built in 1635 by the royal architect François Mansart. It is now the seat of the Banque de France.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Toulouse, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Lenotre, G., Le Château de Rambouillet : six siècles d'histoire, Calmann-Lévy, collection « Châteaux : décors de l'histoire », Paris, 1930, 256 p. Réédition : Denoël, Paris, 1984, 215 p. (ISBN 2-207-23023-6).
• https://web.archive.org/web/20110720224934/http://radiointensite.free.fr/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=863 - Scroll down to 41st paragraph to sentence beginning « Le mardi 25 novembre 1783, S.A.S. Mgr Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre, prince d’Anet et comte de Dreux, a fait transporter de l’église de Rambouillet dans la collégiale de Saint-Etienne de cette ville le cercueil de S.A.S. Mgr le comte de Toulouse, son père...»