Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)

The Ministry of Defense (Indonesian: Kementerian Pertahanan abbreviated Kemhan) of the Republic of Indonesia, formerly the Department of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia is a government ministry responsible for the defense affairs of Indonesia. The currently-appointed minister is Prabowo Subianto replacing Ryamizard Ryacudu in 23 October 2019.[4][5]

Ministry of Defence
Republic of Indonesia
Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia
("Kemhan RI")
The Seal of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense

Front view of the Ministry of Defense building
Ministry overview
Formed18 September 1947 (1947-09-18)
JurisdictionGovernment of Indonesia
HeadquartersJenderal Soedirman Building
Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
Employees54,848 civilian employees[1]
400,000 active duty military (2019 estimate)
400,000 reserve (2019 estimate)[2]
Annual budget$7.56 billion (2019)[3]
Ministry executives
Child agencies
  • Defense Facilities Agency (BARANAHAN)
  • Research and Development Agency (BALITBANG)
  • Education and Training Agency (BADIKLAT)
  • National Strategic Installation Agency (BAINSTRANAS)
Websitewww.kemhan.go.id

The Ministry of Defense are one of the three ministries (along with Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Home Affairs) explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of Indonesia, which means the three ministries cannot be replaced or dissolved by the President.

If both the President and Vice President of Indonesia die, resign, or are unable to perform their duties, the Minister of Defense, along with Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Home Affairs, jointly execute presidential duties until the succeeding President and Vice President are elected by the People's Consultative Assembly within thirty days.[6]

History

Sukarno Era

After the Proclamation of the Independence of Indonesia on August 17, 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) immediately set up the first Presidential Cabinet which in the first cabinet didn't have a Minister of Defense. The function of the State Defense at that time was at the Minister of Public Security. On October 6, 1945, Supriyadi was declared Minister of Public Security. However, he never appeared, and on 20 October was replaced by interim minister Imam Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo.[7]

During the time of the First Sjahrir Cabinet, the function of the state defense was also under the authority of the Minister of Public Security, held by Mr. Amir Sjarifoeddin. However, in the Second Sjahrir Cabinet, the People's Security Minister was renamed as the Minister of Defense who still remained in office was Amir Sjarifuddin. At the time of Mr. Amir Sjarifuddin became Prime Minister, the Defense Minister is held also by the Prime Minister. In the period of the First Hatta Cabinet, when the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia was in an emergency state due to the pressure of the Dutch forces, the Vice President Mohammad Hatta served as interim minister of defense.

New Order

In the First Development Cabinet, the Minister of Defense and Security was held by the Indonesian President Gen. Soeharto. Only later on the Second Development Cabinet and subsequently, the function of state defense was always united with the security function and was under the Ministry of Defense and Security where the Minister of Defense and Security would if needed serve concurrently as Commander of the Armed Forces (Panglima ABRI) (this was the case four times during Soeharto's presidency). In 1985, as part of a wide reorganization of the armed forces, military appointments to posts of ministers and below began to phased out, allowing retired officers and civilians to serve in the ministry and operational control over the Armed Forces was passed directly to the office of the President.

Reformation

On the 1st of July 2000, the Ministry of Defense reformed itself with the separation of the TNI and the Polri[8] and also separated the positions in which the Minister of Defense can be of a civilian background, and can no longer concurrently serve as the TNI Commander (Panglima). Regulation through defense is regulated through Law no. 3 of 2002 on State Defense and Law no. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Armed Forces.

Law no. 3 of 2002 on State Defense Article 16 further stipulates the responsibilities of the Minister of Defense, as follows:

  1. Minister leads the Ministry of Defense.
  2. The Minister assists the President in formulating the general policy of state defense.
  3. The Minister shall stipulate a policy on the implementation of state defense based on the general policy set by the President.
  4. The Minister compiles the defense white paper and establishes bilateral, regional and international cooperation policies in its field.
  5. The Minister formulates a general policy of using the power of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and other defense components.
  6. The Minister shall determine the policy of budgeting, procurement, recruitment, management of national resources, as well as the development of technology and defense industries required by the Indonesian Armed Forces and other defense force components.
  7. The minister works with the heads of ministries and other government agencies and develops and implements strategic planning for the management of national resources for defense purposes.
The Flag of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense

Pursuant to Article 18 Paragraph 4, the Commander of the National Armed Forces shall be responsible to the President in the use of the state defense component and cooperate with the Minister in meeting the needs of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.

Task and Duties

The Ministry of Defense has the task of organizing defense affairs in the government to assist the President in organizing state administrations. In carrying out its duties, the Ministry of Defense performs the functions of:

  1. Formulation, determination, and implementation of policies in the field of defense
  2. Management of state property which is the responsibility of the Ministry of Defense
  3. Supervision on the implementation of duties within the Ministry of Defense
  4. Implementation of technical activities from central to regional

Organizational structure

The Minister of Defense, appointed by the president, is by national law (Law No. 39 2008)[9] the head of the Ministry of Defense, the principal assistant to the president in all matters concerning national defense, and has authority and control over the Ministry of Defense. Because the Constitution vests all military authority in the People's Representative Council and the president, the statutory authority in the Minister of Defense is derived from their constitutional authorities. Since it is impractical for the People's Representative Council and the president to participate in every piece of matters relating to national defense, the Minister of Defense, and the Minister's subordinate officials generally exercise national defense authority.

The organizational structure of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia[10][11][12] is as follows:

  • Office of the Deputy Minister of Defense
  • Office of the Secretariat General of Defense
  • Directorate General of Defense Strategy (Ditjen Strahan)
  • Directorate General of Defense Planning (Ditjen Renhan)
  • Directorate General of Defense Potential (Ditjen Pothan)
  • Directorate General of Defense Forces (Ditjen Kuathan)
  • Office of the Inspectorate General of Defense (Itjen)
  • Defense Research and Development Agency (Balitbang)
  • Defense Education and Training Agency (Badiklat)
  • Agency for National Defense Facilities (Baranahan)
  • National Strategic Installation Agency (Bainstranas)[13]
  • Special Advisor to the Minister on Defense Technology and Industry
  • Special Advisor to the Minister on Defense Politics
  • Special Advisor to the Minister on Economics
  • Special Advisor to the Minister on Social Affairs
  • Special Advisor to the Minister on Security
  • Data Processing and Information Technologies Center (Pusdatin)
  • Financial Center (Pusku)
  • Center for Defense Public Communications (Kompublik Center)
  • Rehabilitation Center for Veterans and Wounded Personnel (Pusrehab)

List of ministers
  1. Supriyadi (2 September 1945 – 20 October 1945, never accepted the office due to disappearance)
    Imam Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo (id) (20 October 1945 – 14 November 1945, acting)
  2. Amir Sjarifoeddin (14 November 1945 – 29 January 1948)
  3. Mohammad Hatta (29 January 1948 – 15 July 1948, also served as the vice president and prime minister)
  4. Hamengkubuwono IX (15 July 1948 – 4 August 1949, 9 August 1949 – 6 June 1950, 3 April 1952 – 2 June 1953)
    Sutan Mohammad Rasjid (id) (19 December 1948 – 13 July 1949, in Emergency Government)
  5. Abdul Halim (6 June 1950 – 17 December 1950)
    Mohammad Natsir (17 December 1950 – 27 April 1951, ad interim with his role as prime minister)
  6. Sewaka (27 April 1951 – 3 April 1952)
  7. Wilopo (2 June 1953 – 30 July 1953, also served as prime minister)
  8. Iwa Koesoemasoemantri (30 July 1953 – 13 July 1955, vacant until 12 August 1955)
  9. Burhanuddin Harahap (12 August 1955 – 24 March 1956, also served as prime minister. His cabinet was discharged on 3 March.)
  10. Ali Sastroamidjojo (24 March 1956 – 9 April 1957, also served as prime minister.)
  11. Djuanda Kartawidjaja (9 April 1957 – 9 July 1959, also served as prime minister.)
  12. Gen. Abdul Haris Nasution (10 July 1959 – 24 February 1966)
  13. Maj. Gen. M. Sarbini (id) (24 February 1966 – 28 March 1966)
  14. Gen. Suharto (28 March 1966 – 9 September 1971, also served as acting president (1967–1968) and president from 1968.)
  15. Gen. Maraden Panggabean (9 September 1971 – 29 March 1978)
  16. Gen. Mohammad Jusuf (31 March 1978 – 19 March 1983)
  17. Gen. Poniman (19 March 1983 – 21 March 1988)
  18. Gen. Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani (23 March 1988 – 17 March 1993)
  19. Gen. Edi Sudrajat (17 March 1993 – 16 March 1998)
  20. Gen. Wiranto (16 March 1998 – 20 October 1999)
  21. Juwono Sudarsono (29 October 1999 – 26 August 2000) and (21 October 2004 – 20 October 2009)
  22. Mohammad Mahfud (26 August 2000 – 20 July 2001)
    Gen. (Hon.) (ret.) Agum Gumelar (20 July 2001 – 23 July 2001, also served as Coordinating Minister for Political, Social, and Security Affairs.)
  23. Matori Abdul Djalil (id) (10 August 2001 – 20 October 2004)
  24. Purnomo Yusgiantoro (22 October 2009 – 20 October 2014)
  25. Gen. (ret.) Ryamizard Ryacudu (27 October 2014 – 20 October 2019)
  26. Lt. Gen. (ret.) Prabowo Subianto (23 October 2019 – present)

See also

References
  1. Civil Service employees. "Ini 10 Instansi Dengan Jumlah PNS Terbanyak". Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  2. "Indonesia Military Strength". Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  3. "Dapat RP 126 T, Kemenhan Raih Anggaran Terbesar Di 2020". Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  4. "Kenalkan Prabowo Jadi Menhan, Jokowi: Beliau Lebih Tahu Tugasnya dari Saya" ["We present Prabowo Subianto as the defense minister, he knows hes tasks more than me" (Jokowi states)]. Detik.com. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  5. "Indonesian President Jokowi announces new Cabinet". The Straits Times. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  6. Constitution of Indonesia Article 8 Paragraph 3
  7. Simanjuntak (2003), page 18
  8. TAP MPR No. VI/MPR/2000 concerning the separation of the TNI with POLRI
  9. "Undang Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2008" (PDF). Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  10. "Regulations of the President No. 24 Year: 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  11. Regulations of Ministry of Defense No. 16 2010 On Organizational Structure and Work Procedures
  12. Regulations of Ministry of Defense No. 01, 2011 On the Arrangement and Administration of Certain Functional and General Functional Positions of the Ministry of Defense
  13. Regulations of Ministry of Defense No. 58 Year 2014 On Organizational Structure and Work Procedures
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