Ilham Aliyev

Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev, [ilham hejˈdæɾ oɣˈɫu æˈlijɪf]; born 24 December 1961) is the fourth and current president of Azerbaijan, serving in the post since 31 October 2003.

Ilham Aliyev
İlham Əliyev
4th President of Azerbaijan
Incumbent
Assumed office 31 October 2003
Prime Minister	Artur Rasizade Novruz Mammadov Ali Asadov
Vice President	Mehriban Aliyeva
Preceded by	Heydar Aliyev
7th Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
In office 4 August – 31 October 2003
President	Heydar Aliyev
Preceded by	Artur Rasizade
Succeeded by	Artur Rasizade
Leader of the New Azerbaijan Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 31 October 2003
Preceded by	Heydar Aliyev
Personal details
Born	İlham Heydər oğlu Əliyev 24 December 1961 Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union
Political party	New Azerbaijan Party
Spouse(s)	Mehriban Aliyeva ​ (m. 1983)​
Children	Leyla Arzu Heydar
Parents	Heydar Aliyev Zarifa Aliyeva
Alma mater	Moscow State Institute of International Relations
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Azerbaijan
Branch/service	Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Years of service	2003–present
Rank	Supreme Commander

The son and second child of former Azeri leader Heydar Aliyev, Ilham Aliyev was elected president of Azerbaijan in 2003 following his father's death, in an election considered fraudulent and unfair by foreign outlets.[1][2][3] Azerbaijani foreign relations under Aliyev included strengthened cooperation with the European Union (EU), using caviar diplomacy,[4] with Russia,[5] with NATO via the NATO–Azerbaijan Individual Partnership Action Plan,[6] and with the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).[7] The New York Times described Aliyev's foreign policy as being pro-Western, selling oil and gas to Europe and Israel, promoting a moderate form of Islam, and hosting "lavish international events".[8]

During Aliyev's presidency, news have surfaced of various human rights violations in Azerbaijan, which included torture,[9][10] arbitrary arrests, as well as harassment of journalists and non-governmental organizations.[11][8] The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict continued sporadically during Aliyev's presidency, culminating into a full-scale war in 2020, which ended with a ceasefire agreement, by which most of the territory lost during the First Nagorno-Karabakh war were returned to Azerbaijan.

Early life

Ilham Aliyev's father was Heydar Aliyev, who later became president of Azerbaijan in 1993.[3] His mother was Zarifa Aliyeva, an Azeri ophthalmologist. He also has an older sister, Sevil Aliyeva.[12] Ilham Aliyev went to Secondary School No. 6 in Baku between 1967 and 1977.[13] In 1977, Ilham Aliyev entered the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-MSIIR) and in 1982, continued his education as a postgraduate.[14] In 1985 he received a PhD degree in history.[14] From 1985 to 1990 Aliyev lectured at MSIIR.[14] From 1991 to 1994, he led a group of private industrial-commercial enterprises.[15]

In 1994–2003, he was vice-president, and later the first vice-president of SOCAR, the state-owned Azerbaijani oil and gas company. He was one of the key figures during the negotiations between the Azerbaijani government and Western oil companies that resulted in several advantageous production sharing agreements, and actively involved in the implementation of Heydar Aliyev's oil strategy.[15] He is an author of numerous research works on geopolitical aspects of oil strategy of sovereign Azerbaijan. He holds a doctorate degree in political sciences.[15][16]

Since 1997, Aliyev is the president of the National Olympic Committee of Azerbaijan. For his contribution to the development of sports and Olympic movement, he was awarded the highest order of International Olympic Committee and Grand Cordon Order of Merit of the International Military Sports Council.[15][16]

Party affiliation and electoral history

In 1999, Ilham Aliyev was elected as the deputy chair of the ruling party New Azerbaijan Party and in 2001, he was elected to the post of first deputy chair at the Second Congress of the Party.[17] At the third Congress of the New Azerbaijan Party held on March 26, 2005, President Aliyev and the first deputy of the Party was unanimously elected to the post of chairman of the Party. The fourth and fifth congresses of the party held in 2008 and 2013 unanimously supported his nomination for the next presidential term.[18] During his chairmanship membership to the party increased to more than 700 thousand.[19]

In 1995, Aliyev was elected to the Parliament of Republic of Azerbaijan; later he became president of the National Olympic Committee (still incumbent).

From 2001 to 2003, Aliyev was elected head of Azerbaijani delegation to Parliamentary Assembly of Council of Europe (PACE).[15][20] Following that, in January 2003, he was elected Deputy-Chairman and bureau member of PACE.[15][21] In April 2004, Aliyev was awarded with a medal and diploma of honorable member of PACE for his active participation in PACE events and commitment to European values.[15][22]

In August 2003, while his father Heydar Aliyev was still formally president of Azerbaijan but was ill and absent from public events, Ilham Aliyev was appointed as Prime Minister.[3][23]

2003 election

The official results of the October 15, 2003, elections gave victory to Ilham Aliyev, who earned 76.84% of the votes,[24] while Human Rights Watch and the Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe documented arrests of opposition candidates, police violence against journalist and participants in election rallies, and "widespread fraud and abuse" in the conduct of the election itself.[1][2]

2008 election

Ilham Aliyev was re-elected in 2008 with 87% of the polls. A total of seven candidates filed to run in the election who had to collect 40,000 voter signatures.[25] According to the report of the Election Observation Delegation from the European Parliament the elections took place with no reported unrest and few minor electoral violations. The report also highlights numerous reforms to the Electoral Code in accordance with OSCE and Council of Europe requirements and standards, which include inking of voters, more transparency of voter lists, and the prohibition of government interference in the election process.[26]

During the 2008 presidential elections, PACE observers included a large group of frankly pro-Azerbaijani MPs. The variant of the statement on elections, prepared by the head of the group of observers Andreas Herkel, containing critical remarks, faced the rejection of the pro-Azerbaijani group consisting of Michael Hancock, Eduard Lintner and Paul Ville. Herkel was forced to declare his resignation if criticism did not go into the statement. During the referendum, which lifted the limits on the number of presidential terms for Ilham Aliyev, four PACE deputies – Eduard Litner, Paul Ville, Khaki Keskin and Pedro Agramunt evaluated the referendum as the progress of democracy.[27] In a constitutional referendum in 2009, term limits for the presidency were abolished. The opposition claimed this to be a violation of the Azerbaijani constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights.[28] European Commission said the step "signalled a serious setback".[29]

2013 election

In the 2013 presidential elections held on 9 October, Aliyev claimed victory with 85 percent of the vote, securing a third five-year term.[30] Election observation delegations from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the European Parliament claimed to have observed a free, fair and transparent electoral process with no evidence of voter intimidation.[31] A day before voting began, however, the Central Election Commission released a new smartphone application intended to allow citizens to watch the ballot counting in real time, and instead the app accidentally showed the results of the election before the election had taken place.[32] The Central Election Commission tried to explain this away by saying that the initially displayed results were those of the 2008 election, even though the candidates listed, including Jamil Hasanli in second place, were from the 2013 ballot.[33] Aliyev's main rivals in the election were Jamil Hasanli and Igbal Agazade. In 2013, Amnesty International called on western leaders to present position on jailed activist which was officially charged with tax evasion and illegal business activity.[34] Ilham Aliyev has been criticized for his illiberal rule[35][36] and sometimes Azerbaijan was perceived as one of corrupt states in Europe by analysts and political commentators.[37][38][39]

U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld is greeted by Ilham Aliyev, August 2004

Observers from the OSCE / ODIHR, led by Tana de Zulueta, spoke of restrictions on freedom of speech during elections, while representatives of the European Parliament headed by Pino Arlacchi confirmed free and fair elections.[40] The European Parliament and PACE issued a joint statement in which they highly appraised the elections. A group of observers from the US House of Representatives also acknowledged fair elections.[41] Varying estimates of the elections led to a scandal. On October 11, the representative of the European Union, Catherine Ashton and European Commissioner Stefan Fule, ignored the assessment of the European Parliament, including in its statement the results of the ODIHR.[42] The Commission on Foreign Relations of the EU discussed the report of Arlacchi. During the discussion, representatives of the "green" condemned the report and said that it discredited the European Parliament. The head of the Socialists’ faction in the EU said that the PACE report cannot be considered reliable at all. It later emerged that a number of EU representatives traveled to Azerbaijan unofficially and on the dime of Azerbaijani organizations, which was regarded by the "European Voice" as "stupidity or corruption", these trips were labeled "electoral tourism".[43]

Ilham Aliyev with the first lady during the Moscow Victory Day Parade, 9 May 2015

The US State Department in its turn discredited the observers from the House of Representatives, describing the elections as not meeting international standards, and expressing solidarity with the ODIHR's assessment.[44]

2018 election

Aliyev celebrates victory in 2018 elections.

Ilham Aliyev won the 2018 presidential elections with 86.02% of votes.[45] Since the latest presidential elections, Ilham Aliyev's rating and voter confidence has increased according to the survey result conducted by "Opinion Way" company in April 2019. His activities have been evaluated as "positive" by more than 85% of the respondents, as well as stability in Azerbaijan has been attributed as the main success of Aliyev's performance by more than 80%.[46][47]

Foreign policy

Aliyev and Georgia's President Salome Zourabichvili in Baku in February 2019

Azerbaijani foreign relations under Aliyev included strengthened cooperation with the European Union (EU), using caviar diplomacy to persuade European officials to support Azerbaijani projects,[4] strong economic ties with Russia,[5] cooperation with NATO via the NATO–Azerbaijan Individual Partnership Action Plan,[6] and close relations with the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).[7] During Aliyev's presidency, in 2019, Azerbaijan was elected chair of the Non-Aligned Movement for a three-year mandate.[48] The New York Times described Aliyev's foreign policy as being "'pro-Western' in many of the ways the West admires", selling oil and gas to Europe and Israel, promoting a moderate form of Islam, and hosting "lavish international events", while opposing Western interests represented by US-financed media in Azerbaijan.[8]

Relations with United Nations

Ilham Aliyev visited UN Headquarters several times: to attend and address the general debates of the 59th session of the UN General Assembly in September 2004;[49] the 65th session in September 2010;[50] and the 72nd session in September 2017.[51] During the presidency of Ilham Aliyev, Azerbaijan was elected as a non-permanent member of UN Security Council from the group of Eastern European states on October 24, 2011 for the term of 2012–2013.[52]

On 4 May 2012, Aliyev attended the UN Security Council high-level meeting on strengthening international collaboration in the implementation of counter-terrorism obligations during which, ignoring pressing global threats, Aliyev only spike in his national capacity.[53] During his various visits to USA, Aliyev met with UN Secretary Generals Kofi Annan,^[54] Ban Ki Moon,[55] and António Guterres in New York.[51] during his presidency, Azerbaijan continued developing mutual relations with specialized agencies and bodies of United Nations.

The country was elected a member of ECOSOC for the term of 2003–2005,[56] 2017–2019,[57] and UN Human Rights Council for the period of 2006–2009.[56] President Ilham Aliyev approved Country Programme Action Plan for 2005-2009 between Azerbaijan and UNICEF signed on December 29, 2005.[58]

Relations with European Union

Aliyev with Nikol Pashinyan in January 2019. Both Armenia and Azerbaijan are members of EU's Eastern Partnership.

Ilham Aliyev expanded cooperation with the European Union (EU) during his presidency, using caviar diplomacy as a controversial technique of persuading European officials to support Azerbaijani projects.[4] A year after Mr. Aliyev became president, in 2004, Azerbaijan as a southern Caucasus country has been a part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU.[59] Two years later, in 2006, Ilham Aliyev on behalf of Azerbaijan, and Matti Vanhanen, former president of the European Council, and José Manuel Barroso, former president of the commission, on behalf of the EU signed the Memorandum of Understanding on a Strategic Partnership.[60]

Ilham Aliyev with Prime Minister of Estonia, President of the European Council, President of the European Commission within EU Eastern Partnership Summit 2017 (from left to right)

In 2009 when the EU launched the initiative, Azerbaijan has been included in the Eastern Partnership Policy.[61] After two years, in 2011, Ilham Aliyev and José Manuel Barroso, Former President of the European Commission, concluded the Joint Declaration on the Southern Gas Corridor.[62]

Ilham Aliyev affirmed the significance of the Joint Declaration in the field of energy cooperation between the EU and Azerbaijan during its visit to Brussels in 2013 with the following words: "Of course, energy cooperation is one of the most important components of our relations. I am glad that after the signing, together with President Barroso, of the Declaration on strategic cooperation in the energy sector in Baku at the beginning of 2011, we are currently seeing its practical results. This declaration has played a major role in the implementation of the gas corridor."[63]

On 6 February 2017, Aliyev visited Brussels, the capital of the EU, for the bilateral and multilateral meetings. He paid official visits to High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, with the President of the European Council, Commission President, and the Commissioner for Energy Union.[64] After the visit of President Aliyev, on 7 February 2017, the process of negotiations for a new bilateral agreement between Azerbaijan and the EU has been launched.[65] The end of negotiations process was marked by signing the "Partnership Priorities" between EU and Azerbaijan agreed on July 11, 2018 during Ilham Aliyev's working visit to Brussels.[66][67]

Relations with France

During 12–15 March 2017, President Aliyev made official visit to France[68][69] and met with executive officials of international companies SUEZ, DCNS, CIFAL, Space Systems in the Airbus Defence and Space Division.[70][71][72][73][74] President Aliyev in his meeting with French entrepreneurs stated that illegal activities of some companies in Nagorno-Karabakh is unacceptable and violates international and national laws.[75][76][77] Following his visit, Aliyev met with the French President in the Elysee Palace.[78][79][80] French President Francois Hollande made a press statement that status quo in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is not the right option and he hopes that there can be a resumption of negotiations[81] and he urged other co-chairs of the Minsk Group, the United States and Russia, to contribute to this process.[82] During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, in which France supported Azerbaijan's adversary Armenia, Aliyev demanded that French president Emmanuel Macron apologize for accusing Azerbaijan of using Syrian mercenaries.[83]

Relations with Russia

Aliyev with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, 23 January 2012

Ilham Aliyev repeatedly characterized Azerbaijan-Russia relations as strategic partnership.[84][85][86] On 6 February 2004, Ilham Aliyev and Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, signed the Moscow Declaration, which stated principles of relations between Azerbaijan and Russia.[87] On 11 August 2004, President Aliyev adopted an Order to hold "Year of Russia in Azerbaijan" in 2006 following the decision of Russia to hold "Year of Azerbaijan in Russia" in 2005.[88] On February 16, 2005, Ilham Aliyev paid a working visit to Moscow and participated in the ceremony of opening the Year of Azerbaijan in Russia. .[89] Four months later, on June 14–15, 2005 – Ilham Aliyev again visited Russia and met with Russian president Vladimir Putin within the framework of ninth international economic forum.[90] On 29 June 2006, Ilham Aliyev and Dmitry Medvedev, former President of the Russian Federation, concluded a joint statement on the Caspian Sea.[91]

Meeting of President Ilham Aliyev with President Vladimir Putin

On November 1, 2017, another meeting took place between Ilham Aliyev and Vladimir Putin in Tehran, the capital of Iran.[92] Ilham Aliyev appraised the relations between two countries with the following words while meeting with Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council of Russia and Chairman of People's Assembly of Dagestan: "While reviewing the agenda of our bilateral relations at another meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, we found out that there is no a single issue that would need solution…Of course, today Russia and Azerbaijan demonstrate high-level good-neighborly, partnership and reliable friendly relations.".[93]

In his visit to Sochi in early September 2018, Ilham Aliyev met his Russian counterpart and they signed the Joint Statement on Priority Areas of Economic Cooperation between the 2 countries.[5][94] Ilham Aliyev called Russia "very important and valuable partner" during Putin's visit to Baku on September 27 on his invitation.[5]

Ilham Aliyev has built a relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church. On 24 April 2010, President Aliyev was awarded with the Order of Glory and Honour, a highest decoration of the Russian Orthodox Church, following the Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh 1st class in the past.[95][96] By the Order of Ilham Aliyev, Patriarch Kirill was granted with the "Sharaf" (Honor) medal of Azerbaijan in 2010.[97]

Before the start of a trilateral meeting. From left to right: President of Iran Hassan Rouhani, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and President of Russia Vladimir Putin

Following the initiative of President Aliyev, a trilateral summit between Russian, Iranian and Azerbaijani leaders was held in Baku in 2016 for purpose of fighting against terrorism, transnational organized crime, arms smuggling and drug trafficking in the region.[98][99] Presidents of Azerbaijan, Iran and Russia through trilaterally signed declaration pledged to develop the strategic transnational project, the International North-South Transport Corridor, which would run from India all the way to St. Petersburg in Russia, providing a faster and cheaper alternative to existing sea routes.[100] The next trilateral meeting held in 2017, the leaders exchanged views on mutual relations in the fields of transit and energy.

Relations with United States

Aliyev with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2012

Ilham Aliyev has sought to expand relations with the US. In this context, he made his first official visit to Washington at the invitation of former US President George W. Bush on April 25–28, 2006. During the meeting, he discussed issues of oil and gas industry, regional and global energy security, transportation, etc. with his American counterpart.[101][102]

On September 24, 2010, Ilham Aliyev met the 44th US President Barack Obama in New York when he visited the US for the 65th Session of the UN General Assembly.[103] Ilham Aliyev's next official visit to the USA has been made within the framework of Nuclear Security Summit at the invitation of Barack Obama on March 31 – April 1, 2016.[104][105][106] Ilham Aliyev held a bilateral meeting with former Vice President Joe Biden. The parties had discussions on counterterrorism and cooperation in various fields. Joe Biden emphasized the importance of the Southern Gas Corridor to strengthen energy security of Europe.[107]

On September 20, 2017, Ilham Aliyev met US President Donald Trump at the reception hosted by latter in the framework of the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly in New York.[108]

In his letter to the President Ilham Aliyev on the opening of 24th annual International Caspian Oil and Gas Exhibition and Conference in Baku, Donald Trump mentioned that US is strongly committed to Southern Gas Corridor which ensures energy security of Europe and appreciates Azerbaijan's important role in supporting this global energy security.[109]

Relations with North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)

Ilham Aliyev and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the joint press conference in November 2017.

Ilham Aliyev has extended Azerbaijan's collaboration with NATO, as the country joined the Individual Partnership Action Plan in 2004, which allows the systematisation of bilateral partnerships as well as the coordination of cooperation on any issue of mutual interest. Azerbaijan has completed NATO-Azerbaijan Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) documents for the first (2005-2007), second (2008-2010) and the third (2012-2013) period.[6] Ilham Aliyev introduced Azerbaijan's first IPAP to NATO in Brussels on May 19, 2014.[110]

Ilham Aliyev visited Paris in May 2006 and attended the spring session of NATO Parliament Assembly. In 2006, November 8 he met Secretary-General of NATO Jaap de Hoop Scheffer in Brussels.[111] Ilham Aliyev has visited Brussels several times; he met with Jaap de Hoop Scheffer bilaterally on April 29 before the meeting of North Atlantic Council.[112] During his visit to Brussels in February 2012, Ilham Aliyev was welcomed by Secretary-General of NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen at NATO Headquarters and they discussed the possible future enhancement of cooperation between Azerbaijan and NATO.[113] In 2014, again the President Aliyev met with NATO Secretary General and participated in the meeting of North Atlantic Council as part of his working visit to Brussels.[114]

Aliyev with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. NATO member Turkey is a longtime ally of Azerbaijan.

As the President of the country contributing to the NATO-led operations in Afghanistan, Ilham Aliyev participated at the meetings during NATO Summit in Chicago in 2012 and NATO Summit in Wales in September 2014.[115][116] Ilham Aliyev took part in the session on Afghanistan at the NATO Summit in Warsaw in July, 2016.[117][118] On 23 November 2017, President Ilham Aliyev met with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg in Brussels. They discussed the partnership between NATO and Azerbaijan and regional security in the South Caucasus. The Secretary General also appreciated Azerbaijan's contribution to NATO-led "Resolute Support" mission in Afghanistan.[119][120]

Azerbaijan's balanced foreign policy and regional importance has allowed top military officers of USA and Russia - Joseph Dunford, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Valery Gerasimov, Chief of General Staff - to decide on their meeting on cooperation to be held in Baku.[121][122]

Relations with Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Ilham Aliyev repeatedly stated that relations with the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are among the priorities for Azerbaijan in foreign policy.[7][123][124] During his presidency, Aliyev met with the Secretary General of OIC for the first time within the framework of the third extraordinary summit of IOC in Mecca city, in 2005[125] In 2006, 2009, 2012, 2013, President Aliyev received the Secretary General of OIC in Baku, Azerbaijan.[126][127][128][7] Accordingly, on 6 April 2015, he visited to the OIC Headquarter in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and met with Secretary General of the OIC.[129][130] Ilham Aliyev received President of the Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation in 2006 and 2007 in Baku.[131][132] Furthermore, on September 3, 2006, he participated in the ceremony of Inauguration of permanent headquarters of the Islamic Conference Youth Forum for dialogue and Cooperation in Istanbul, Turkey.[133][134]

Following the decision of the fifth Islamic Conference of Culture Ministers to declare Baku as Capital of Islamic Culture for 2009, on 27 August 2008, Ilham Aliyev adopted an Order on the Preparation of the International event named "Baku – Capital of Islamic Culture".[135][136] He signed an Order to establish Organising Committee regarding the decision of the sixth Islamic Conference of Culture Ministers to designate Nakhchivan city as Capital of Islamic Culture for 2018.[135][137] On 26–27 April 2017, OIC conference on the Role of media in the development of tolerance and mutual understanding was held under the auspices of President Ilham Aliyev in pursuance of the Baku declaration which was adopted by OIC Foreign Ministers at 33rd session.[138][139]

Domestic policy

Cultural policy

Aliyev with Azerbaijani World War II veterans

In 2008, President Aliyev launched the "Baku Process" initiative for promotion of intercultural dialogue at the Conference of Ministers responsible for Culture under the theme of "Intercultural dialogue as a basis for peace and sustainable development in Europe and its neighboring regions."[140] While delivering a speech at the 65th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (23 September 2010, New York) President Aliyev announced his intention to organize World Forum on Intercultural Dialogue.[141] His initiative was supported by international organizations such as UNESCO, UN Alliance of Civilizations, World Tourism Organization, Council of Europe, North-South Center of the Council of Europe, and ISESCO.[142] Starting from 2011, four high level World Forums on Intercultural Dialogue has been held in Baku until 2017[143] Ilham Aliyev by signing a respective decree approved "Conception of Culture of Azerbaijan Republic" on 14 February 2014.[144] Three months later on 15 May 2014, he signed the Decree on the Formation of Baku International Centre of Multiculturalism[145] He also by Presidential decree of 11 January 2016 declared the year 2016 as "the Year of Multiculturalism" in Azerbaijan.[146] Aliyev characterized the tolerance and multiculturalism as a state policy and lifestyle in Azerbaijan.[147] on April 25–27, 2016, Azerbaijan hosted seventh Global Forum of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) under the theme "Living Together in Inclusive Societies, A Challenge and A Goal"[148] Decree on Approving the State Program for the Protection and Development of Carpet Art in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2018-2022 was signed by Ilham Aliyev on February 28, 2018 in order to protect carpet waving traditions, enhance export potential of carpets and provide more workplaces for the people engaged in this area.[149]

Science policy

On May 5, 2004, President Ilham Aliyev signed an Order to establish "Azerbaijan National Encyclopedia" Science Center.[150] Almost four years later, on 10 April 2008, he approved the Decree to constitute the State Commission on Reforms in Science.[151] On October 21, 2009, Ilham Aliyev signed another Order on Establishment of the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.[152] Almost four months later, on 19 February 2010, President Ilham Aliyev approved the Charter of the Science Development Foundation.[153][154][155] On January 14, 2016, Ilham Aliyev by his Decree established the National Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan for Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.[156] He also established Ganja Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences on December 19, 2012.[157] On November 8, 2016, President Aliyev approved an Order to create High-Tech Park of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.[158][159] Another State Program in the field of science approved by Ilham Aliyev in November 2018 is "2019-2022 State Program on development of distance surveillance services in the Republic of Azerbaijan through satellite".[160]

Humanitarian policy

Under the instruction of Ilham Aliyev, Azerbaijan sent humanitarian aid to Palestine, Nepal, Djibouti on April 10, 2017, and to Rohingya refugees on September 8, 2017.[161][162][163][164] On 27 February 2012, Vlade Divac, Chairman of Olympic Committee of Serbia and the founder of "Foundation Ana and Vlade Divac," decorated Ilham Aliyev with the international award of a "True friend of the Balkans" also provision of humanitarian aid and policies among others.[165] Ilham Aliyev co-founded Baku International Humanitarian Forum along with Vladimir Putin. He together with other high-ranked officials of states and international organizations participated in the opening ceremonies and delivered speeches in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Baku International Humanitarian Forums held in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2016 respectively.[166][167][168][169][170] He appreciated the role of the event in the Baku International Humanitarian Forum with the following words: "...humanitarian events send a message to the world that progressive representatives of the world should consolidate their efforts even more closely... The deepening of international humanitarian cooperation can prevent the negative and enhance positive trends to some extent."[171]

Healthcare policy

During Aliyev's presidency, the following healthcare rules were implemented: "State care for people with diabetes" in 2003; "Turnover of narcotics, psychotropic substances and their precursors" in 2005; "Pharmaceutical products" in 2006; "Fight against the disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus" in 2010; "State care of multiple sclerosis" in 2012; "Mandatory child dispensing" in 2013.[172] According to the Decree of the President Ilham Aliyev, The State Agency on Mandatory Health Insurance under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan was established on 27 December 2007.[173] Development Concept of "Azerbaijan 2020: vision to the future" which defines maintaining high quality health services to population as major objective was adopted by president Ilham Aliyev on 29 December 2012.[174] In 2016, November 29, Ilham Aliyev signed a decree on "Measures to implement pilot project on application of compulsory health insurance in Mingachevir city and Yevlakh region" two regions of Azerbaijan.[175]

Youth policy

On October 19, 2006, President Ilham Aliyev initiated a policy on the education of Azerbaijani youth in foreign countries, in which he tasked state bodies to draft respective state programs.[176] which he adopted on 16 April 2007.[177] On February 9, 2007, Ilham Aliyev declared 2007 "Year of youth" in Azerbaijan.[178] In 2007, Azerbaijan hosted the event "Youth for the alliance of civilizations" International conference co-organized, at the Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation, by the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, United Nations Development Program, the Council of Europe and ISESCO.[179] On December 19, 2011, Ilham Aliyev signed the decree on the establishment of the Youth Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan which intends to provide support to youth initiatives.[180] Presidential Award for Youth was created by the decree of Ilham Aliyev in July 2013.[181] On September 15, 2017, Ilham Aliyev signed the order on adoption of "Azerbaijani youth 2017-2025" state program.[182]

Environmental policy

On March 24, 2006, Ilham Aliyev signed an Order on adoption of "National Strategy and Action Plan on Protection and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Republic of Azerbaijan."[183] 10 years after, on October 3, 2016, he signed another Order on Approval of the "National Strategy for the Protection and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2017-2020."[184] On July 8, 2008, Ilham Aliyev signed a Decree on approval of "Standards of vibration and noise pollution that adversely affect the environment and human health."[185] On October 16, 2009, at the expanded meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers on the results of socioeconomic development in nine months of 2009, Ilham Aliyev proposed to declare the year 2010 as the "Year of Environment."[186] As a follow up to this measures, four months later, on February 18, 2010, he chaired a meeting on environmental problems[187] Within the scope of the "Year of Environment", the "Azerbaijan for a Green World" international ecological exhibition was held to which President Aliyev attended on September 17, 2010.[188]

Economic policy

Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev attended Strategic Outlook Eurasia session during World Economic Forum 2018 in Davos.

Due to governmental economic policies during Aliyev's rule, GDP of Azerbaijan between the years of 2003–2016 increased more than 5 times, form US$7.276 Billion in 2003 to US$37.848 Billion in 2016 according to World Bank data.[189][190] In 2007, March 6 Aliyev signed the Decree on the Establishment of Special Economic Zones in Azerbaijan.[191] On 20 April 2016, Aliyev signed a Decree to establish the Center for Analysis of Economic Reforms and Communication.[192][193] On November 6, 2017, he passed another Decree to establish "Azerbaijan Industrial Corporation" Open Joint-Stock Company.[194] Ilham Aliyev participated in the World Economic Forum Annual Meetings held in Davos- Klosters, Switzerland in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019.[195][196][197][198][199][200] Ilham Aliyev defines the diversification of exports as one of priority direction in the future of national economy.[201] In 2019 WEF meeting, Ilham Aliyev noted that according to 2019 Doing Business report, Azerbaijan's position improved 32 steps and ranked 25th among 190 economies.[200]

Social policy

As President Aliyev has stated that the social welfare of the people of Azerbaijan is one of the priority areas of his policy.[202] Social policy has been conducting through state programs and laws in different aspects of social matters.[203] The State Program on Poverty Reduction in Azerbaijan for 2008–2015,[204] State Program on development of insurance-pension system of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2009–2015,[205] State Program on socio-economic development of regions for 2004–2008, 2009–2013, 2014–2018, 2019–2023,[206] Law on Targeted State Social Assistance (2005),[207] Law on labor pensions (2006),[208] Decree on certain issues of mortgage lending (2016),[209] Order on providing one-time assistance to low-income families (2018)[210] are among those signed by President Aliyev aimed at advancing social security and social infrastructure in the country. Besides, laws on social protection of people in different categories such as veterans, refugees, IDPs, disabled people including war invalids, and families of martyrs have been adopted. Since the beginning of 2019, the number of martyrs' families provided with a lump-sum allowance has been increased, the amount of Presidential scholarship paid to them, as well as the amount of government scholarship for students have been raised,[211][212] compensation has been allocated to the individuals suffered from devaluation whose credit burden increased.[213][214] In June 2019, President Aliyev signed a decree on increasing the minimum wage to 250 manats from September 1 of the same year.[215]

Religious policy

On January 10, 2017 Ilham Aliyev by his decree announced the year of 2017 as the year of Islamic Solidarity.[216] Later the same year he signed another decree and allocated funding for organization of measures related to the year of Islamic Solidarity.[217] Aliyev signed three Orders on financial assistance to religious organizations in Azerbaijan in 2014, 2016, and 2017. The financial assistance from the Presidential Reserve Fund has been apportioned among Caucasian Muslims Office, the Archbishop of Baku and Azerbaijan of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Community of Mountain Jews, the Community of European Jews, the Apostolic Prefecture of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Alban-Udi Christian Community.[218][219][220] In 2014 and 2015, Aliyev approved two Orders on "Additional measures to reinforce the promotion of religious culture, tolerance, interreligious and intercultural dialogue in Azerbaijan." According to the Orders, 3 million manats (6 million in total) were allocated to the Religious Culture Development Fund from the Presidential Reserve Fund[221][222] On July 17, 2015, Aliyev allocated 3 million manats from the Presidential Reserve Fund to restore religious historical and cultural monuments in Azerbaijan[223] despite all declared governmental policies by Aliyev, Azerbaijan became a hotbed for Syrian extremist mercenaries such as Alhamza division and Sultan Murad division during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.[224]

Judicial policy

With the Decree on the Modernization of the Judicial system signed on 19 January 2006 by President Aliyev, the country took a further step in terms of the quality of the judicial system. New courts, as well as new appeal courts in regions were established to increase the effectiveness and people's access to courts in regions. The number of judges were increased, court activities modernized and the apparatus of courts upgraded based on the Decree. Based on the new judicial system, appeal courts (composed of 4 chambers – Civil, Criminal, Military and Administrative-Economic) started to operate in 6 regions of Azerbaijan to fulfill their duties on territorial jurisdiction. The Amendments to the "Law on Courts and Judges" and "Law on Judicial-Legal Council" adopted as a result of cooperating with the Council of Europe also played an important role in increasing the effectiveness of the judicial system in Azerbaijan.[225] Another phase in the judicial-legal system of Azerbaijan has started with the Decree on Deepening Reforms in the Judicial System signed by Aliyev on April 3, 2019. Criminal Code of Azerbaijan and Law on Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan have been amended since then.[226][227][228]

National development concept "Azerbaijan 2020: Vision to the future"

"Azerbaijan 2020: Vision to the future" national economic development concept is considered one of major strategic initiatives of Aliyev for further development of the country. The respective Decree on preparation of this concept was signed by him on November 29, 2011, and the concept itself was adopted on December 29, 2012 by his another Decree.[229][230] The concept provides measures and actions for development of various fields of economy and increase in public welfare by the year of 2020.[231][232] In its messages for Azerbaijan's voluntary Report on implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals the concept of "Azerbaijan 2020: vision to the future" formulated by Aliyev was described as a strategy which reflects the longer-term national aspirations, opportunities for investors and the key challenges on the way towards those goals.[233] A similar approach was noted in the report prepared for World Economic Forum 2015 and published in the Foreign Affairs magazine.[234] The specialised economic magazine "The Business Year" assessed the outcomes of the concept initiated by Aliyev as a wise designed strategy which planned to secure national economic interests of Azerbaijan.[235] In November 2018, Aliyev approved the State Program on Increasing International Competitiveness of the Higher Education System in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2019-2023 within the framework of this concept.[236]

Strategic road maps for national economy

President Ilham Aliyev signed a Decree endorsing "Strategic road maps for the National Economy and main economic sectors" on December 6, 2016.[237][238] On January 16, 2017, Ilham Aliyev met with Dominic Barton, the global managing partner of McKinsey&Company, which undertook the preparation of the strategic road maps, within the World Economic Forum in Davos.[239]

Public administration reforms

Ilham Aliyev during his public statements regularly stressed that governance and anticorruption reforms are the priority of the state policy and for this purpose his government take administrative steps and institutional measures.[240][241] Since his presidency in 2003, Aliyev has adopted 5 anti-corruption policy, public administration reforms documents for the following years: 2004-2006 (State Programme on Fight Against Corruption),[242] 2007-2011(National Strategy on Strengthening Transparency and Fight Against Corruption),[243] 2012-2015 (National Action Plans on Fight Against Corruption and Promotion of Open Government)[244] and 2016-2018 (National Action Plan on Promotion of Open Government).[245] On 3 March 2004, Aliyev signed decree to enforce Law on Fight against Corruption, established specialised Anti-Corruption Directorate under General Prosecutor Office and within the same decree instructed drafting the statute of another entity Commission on Combating Corruption to be specialised in prevention of Corruption.[246] Consequently, on 1 June 2005, Aliyev signed decree to enforce the Law adopting the noted Statute.[247] In order to strengthen carried out measures in the field of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorism Financing, Aliyev adopted National Action Plan (2017 – 2019) on Anti-Money Laundering and Fight against Financing of Terrorism on 18 November 2016.[248]

TI's well known report the 2013 Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) indicates 69% of respondents consider that the government's efforts are effective in the fight against corruption and 71% of respondents agree that an ordinary person can make a difference in the fight against corruption in Azerbaijan.[249][250] Aliyev's government officially alleged that CPI does not reflect carried out anti-corruption measures in the country, such as CPI is composed of sources which are based on expert views.[251] However, government officials claimed to support results of GCB, considering its results are based on survey of citizens.[252]

According to Transparency International's Azerbaijan scores just 30 on the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, indicating a serious problem with corruption. On 8 August 2017, Transparency Azerbaijan announced that it had scaled back its operations in the capital city of Baku, because the government would not approve an extension of the funding as it comes from outside the country. According to Transparency International "The blanket ban on foreign grants has brought the country’s civil society to a halt and has dealt a devastating blow to civic initiatives across the board".[253]

ASAN service, which was established by presidential decree in 2012,[254] is internationally recognized for its role in elimination of corruption in public services[255][256] and received United Nation's award on public service delivery.[257] ASAN service is currently researched and applied by world countries[258] such as France which signed a memorandum with Azerbaijan in order to apply practice of ASAN service (mobile service system) in France.[259] In addition, during a meeting with the Pakistani delegation, the Pakistani side expressed the integration of ASAN Service model into their government service fields as well. Based on concept of "ASAN service" experience, the government of Afghanistan has established "Asan Khedmat" public service center, which functions under the auspices of the Ministry of Finance.[260][261][262] "ASAN service" is currently researched and applied by foreign countries, including Albania, Italy, Estonia, Republic of Macedonia, Indonesia and others.[263]

On March 14, 2018, it was launched E-government Development Center. The service was set up based on the presidential Decree No.1885 named "About e-government development and measures related to the transition to digital government". The service tries to utilize digital technologies, establish e-government to make state services operate more efficiently, ensure public services availability, and improve the living standards of the citizens of the country. Actually, the service monitors the performance of the ASAN Payment, ASAN Visa, ASAN Wi-Fi, ASAN Finance and other relevant projects.

Energy and transport policy

Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline inauguration at the Turkish city of Eskişehir, 12 June 2018

On 17 March 2015, Aliyev attended the launch of Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline along with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Georgian President Giorgi Margvelashvili in Kars.[264] In January 2013, in Baku, Aliyev together with the President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso signed a Joint Declaration on delivery of Azerbaijan gas to Europe.[265]

Aliyev took part in official opening ceremony of Baku–Tbilisi–Kars (BTK) on October 30, 2017.[266][267] Aliyev had previously stressed the importance the development of BTK railway in his public statements.[268]

On 15 November 2017, Aliyev signed the Lapis Lazuli route agreement in a formal ceremony along with the leaders of Afghanistan, Georgia, Turkey and Turkmenistan.[269] The route was later inaugurated by the President of Afghanistan Ashraf Ghani on December 13, 2018.[270]

International sporting events

Chelsea playing against Arsenal at Baku Olympic Stadium during the UEFA Europa League Final on 29 May 2019

Aliyev awards winners of the 2019 Azerbaijan Grand Prix

Ilham Aliyev is the president of the National Olympic Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic since 1997.[271] During his presidency of the National Olympic Committee, Azerbaijan hosted some international sports events such as the 1st European Games,[272] 4th Islamic Solidarity Games[273] and 42nd Chess Olympiad.[274]

In 2016, Aliyev signed a decree on increasing the number of the special Olympic scholarships for the Olympic champions of Azerbaijan. The decree came into force on January 1, 2017.[275] In 2017, Aliyev signed a decree on the creation of the Organizing Committee in connection with holding the BMX Racing World Cycling Championship in Baku. The championship was held on June 5–9, 2018.[276][277]

Ilham Aliyev met with the President of "Formula One Management", Bernie Ecclestone, on June 16, 2016 regarding the preparations for the Formula 1 European Grand Prix which was to be held in Baku in 2013.[278][279] Aliyev attended various opening ceremonies and award ceremonies where he handed over the trophy to the winner.[280][281][282]

Criticism

Economic policies

Further allegations relate to his economic policies, as some analysts and politicians claimed that falling oil prices and related economic turmoil in global markets indicated that Ilham Aliyev's economic policies caused the Azerbaijan economy to become dependent on oil and gas. They asserted that the government failed to manage the economic crisis well, and Aliyev's policy does not promise to solve the challenges in the economy.[283][284][285] Critics also did not welcome the borrowing of assets from international financial institutions as a remedial solution. Ilham Aliyev and his office was accused of the devaluation of Azerbaijan currency. Further, critics have questioned Aliyev's lack of progress for export diversification, with experts stating Azerbaijan will cease to produce a significant amount of oil by 2030.

However, following developments and recent economic figures indicate that implemented reforms and applied policies were timely and effective in terms of decreasing the negative impact of falling oil prices.[286] In the 2019 Doing Business report, Azerbaijan climbed 32 spots in comparison with 2017 to rank 25th among 190 states this year, topping CIS counties. On January 11, 2019, at the expanded meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers on the results of socioeconomic development in 2018, Ilham Aliyev stressed that Azerbaijani's foreign exchange reserves today amount to $45 billion and its external debt has dropped from 22.8 to 19 percent.[287]

Assertions of corruption

Aliyev family

Andrew Higgins, writing in The Washington Post, stated in 2010 that Azerbaijanis with the same names as Ilham Aliyev's three children owned real estate in Dubai worth about $75 million. Higgins stated that some members of the family are indeed wealthy, such as the president's older daughter, Leyla, married to Emin Agalarov, a Russian billionaire, and relatives of the first lady who have businesses in Azerbaijan.[288]

Journalist Khadija Ismayilova, who worked for the United States government-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, carried out journalistic investigations, and claimed that Aliyev's family controlled some companies such as "Azerfon", "Azenco", and assets worth $3 billion in the largest Azerbaijani banks.^{[273] [263] [264][289][290]}

The investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) claimed that the Aliyev family owned at least four offshore companies directly connected with Hassan Gozal. ICIJ stated that family members never declared the Aliyevs' offshore companies, that Ilham and Mehriban Aliyevs had no legal right to open offshore companies, and that when these companies were opened, measures were taken to conceal the real owners. When registering the companies, Aliyev's daughters indicated property worth about $6 million.[291] [292] The Azeri press secretary Azer Gasimov told BBC-Azerbaijan that he does not see anything unusual in the fact that the names of members of the presidential family are mentioned in business activities: "Each of them, like any citizen of Azerbaijan, has the right to be engaged in business. Both – age and other criterias allow them to do this in accordance with the law.".[293][294] Investigation of Swedish television showed that offshore companies controlled by Aliyevs received from "TeliaSonera", the Swedish telecommunications company, a factual bribe in the form of shares of "Azercell" cellular operator in the amount of 600-700 million dollars (due to the estimate of 2005), which was purchased for only 6.5 million dollars.[295][296][297] In a resolution on 10 September 2015, the European Parliament called on the EU authorities to conduct a thorough investigation of allegations of corruption against Ilham Aliyev and his family members.[298]

His critic Khadija Ismayilova was detained in December 2014 and sentenced in September 2015 to seven-and-a-half years in prison on trumped-up charges. She was conditionally released in May 2016, but three and a half years later, still remains subject to a travel ban and has been unable to leave the country despite numerous applications to do so. Lawyers will be seeking permission for Ismayilova to travel to the UK to give evidence in the trial of Paul Radu, a Romanian journalist who is co-founder and executive director of investigative reporting group OCCRP (the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project). Radu is being sued for defamation in London by Azerbaijani MP, Javanshir Feyziyev, over two articles in OCCRP's award-winning Azerbaijan Laundromat series about money-laundering out of Azerbaijan. Ismayilova, OCCRP's lead reporter in Azerbaijan, is a key witness in the case.[299]

Human rights violations

Human rights violations in Azerbaijan during Aliyev's presidency included torture,[10] arbitrary arrests and harassment of journalists and non-governmental organizations.[11]

Political rights and media freedom

In a speech delivered on 15 July 2020, during the 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes, President Aliyev targeted the largest opposition party, the Popular Front Party of Azerbaijan. He declared that "we need to finish with the 'fifth column'" and the Popular Front is "worse than the Armenians." According to Azerbaijani sources as many as 120 people are currently held in jail, including some deputy leaders of the party as well as journalists. On July 20 the U.S. State Department urged Azerbaijan to avoid using the pandemic to silence "civil society advocacy, opposition voices, or public discussion."[300] These actions are widely seen as an attempt "to eliminate pro-democracy advocates and political rivals once and for all". According to RFE/RL, "Aliyev's authoritarian rule has shut down independent media outlets and suppressed opposition parties while holding elections deemed neither free nor fair by international monitoring groups".[301]

Controversies

Ramil Safarov repatriation

In 2012, Aliyev convinced the government of Hungary to transfer convicted murderer Ramil Safarov to Azerbaijan to complete the rest of his prison term. While attending a NATO-sponsored English-language course in Hungary, Safarov had murdered an Armenian lieutenant who was also taking the course, Gurgen Margaryan, while Margaryan was asleep. Safarov admitted that he committed the crime and surrendered himself to the police. Safarov has justified the act based over the Naghorno Karabakh conflict between the two countries from 1988 to 1994.[302][303] Safarov had been tried and sentenced to life imprisonment in Hungary. However, after being extradited to Azerbaijan, Safarov received a hero's welcome, receiving a medal and new home funded by the Azerbaijani government. According to Azerbaijani authorities, Safarov was pardoned in accordance with Article 12 of the convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Person. He was promoted to the rank of major, and given an apartment and over eight years of back pay, covering the time he had spent in jail.

Statements about Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh

Aliyev during the Nagorno-Karabakh war between Armenia and Azerbaijan on 4 October 2020

Shortly after thousands of Azerbaijani people gathered to commemorate a massacre, which the Azerbaijani government claims to have been carried out by Armenians 20 years earlier, President Aliyev posted in his official website: "Our main enemies are Armenians of the world and the hypocritical and corrupt politicians that they control".[304][305] However, according to the same sources of citation, it is the Armenian leadership who are the real targets of President Aliyev's criticism.[306] During his speech, Ilham Aliyev noted: "I once said that the Armenian people should not be afraid of us, they should be afraid of their own leadership."[307]

In 2008, Aliyev declared that "Nagorno Karabakh will not be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality" and also stated that "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azeri territory, the Armenians were guests there."[308] President Ilham Aliyev stated, "the occupation of the territory of the sovereign State with its internationally recognized boundaries – our territorial integrity is recognized by the United Nation and has been left out of due attention of the international community. All these facts are the ever seen injustice."[309] "No project can be carried out in the Armenian occupied Azerbaijani territories without the consent and participation of Azerbaijan."[310]

On 20 September 2017, at the 72nd Regular Session of the UN General Assembly, President Aliyev reminded unexecuted UN Security Council Resolutions regarding Nagorno-Karabakh: "In 1993, United Nations Security Council adopted 4 resolutions demanding immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Armenian troops from the territory of Azerbaijan. Armenia for 24 years ignores UN Security Council resolutions and unfortunately is not punished for that. In some cases, UN Security Council resolutions are implemented within days. In our case it’s 24 years that resolutions are not implemented. This is a double standards approach. This approach is unacceptable." He reiterated the significance of international law for the resolution of conflict: "Armenia-Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh conflict must be resolved on the basis of international law, relevant UN Security Council resolutions. Territorial integrity of Azerbaijan must be completely restored."[311]

Public image

President Aliyev in military uniform at the Central Command Post of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense during an operational meeting.

• On 21 November 2009, Aliyev was included in the book 500 Most Influential Muslims of World.[312][313]
• In 2012, the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project called Ilham Aliyev the person of the year in organized crime and corruption.
• In 2012, CNBC filmed the film Filthy Rich about corruption which also mentioned the Aliyev family.
• In 2013, VIOAS (Voice of the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea) magazine declared President Ilham Aliyev as 'Man of the Year.'[314]

Personal life

Aliyev and his wife at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia

His son Heydar in a military uniform.

Ilham Aliyev married Mehriban Pashayeva in Baku on 22 January 1983. They have three children: Leyla, Arzu and Heydar and five grandchildren. Apart from his native Azerbaijani, he is fluent in English, French, Russian and Turkish.[14] His wife is also the first Vice President of Azerbaijan.[315]

Honours and medals

National honours and medals

•  Azerbaijan – Heydar Aliyev Order
•  Azerbaijan – Order of Sheikhulislam

Foreign honours

•  Romania – Order of the Star of Romania (2004)
•  Saudi Arabia – Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud (2005)
•  Georgia – Order of Honor of Georgia
•  Bulgaria - Order of Stara Planina
•  France – Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
•  Poland – Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
•  Ukraine – First Class of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (2008)[316]
•  Kuwait – Order of Mubarak the Great
•  Greece – Gold Medal of the Hellenic Republic
•  Latvia – Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars
•  Romania – Grand Cross of Faithful Service
•  Tajikistan – Order of Ismoili Somoni
•  Turkey – First Class of the Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (2013)[317]
•  Ukraine – Order of Liberty (2013)[318]
•  Ukraine – Order of Prince Yaroslav Mudry of 1st Class
•  Serbia – Order of the Republic of Serbia (2013)[319]
•  Italy Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (12 July 2018)
•  Bulgaria – "Friendship" order of Bulgaria (2019)[320]

International organizations

•  CIS Medal For Distinction in Protection of CIS State Borders and Badge for Strengthening of Border Cooperation (2008).[321]

Others

•  Turkey – İhsan Doğramacı Prize for International Relations for Peace
•  Russia – Prepodobniy Sergiy Rodonejskiy first degree Order of Russian Orthodox Church
• International Military Sports Council – Grand Cordon Order of Merit

Honorary degrees

Aliyev has also received honorary degrees from universities from the following states: Turkmenistan, Belarus, Russia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Romania, Jordan, Hungary, Azerbaijan and South Korea[322][323][324][325][326]

See also

• Politics of Azerbaijan
• Presidency of Ilham Aliyev
• List of presidential trips made by Ilham Aliyev

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External links

• Official Azerbaijan president website
• Official YouTube channel of the President of Azerbaijan
• BBC profile: Ilham Aliyev
• Political portrait of Ilham Aliyev
• Speeches, statements, interviews, declarations of the Azerbaijan Republic President Ilham Aliyev
• Ilham Aliyev and oil diplomacy of Azerbaijan
• Appearances on C-SPAN