New Territories East (constituency)

The New Territories East geographical constituency, or NT East, is the one of the five geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It encompasses Sha Tin District, Tai Po District, North District and Sai Kung District. It currently elects nine members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation.

New Territories East
Geographical Constituency for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Boundary of New Territories East in Hong Kong
District	North District Tai Po District Sai Kung District Sha Tin District
Region	New Territories
Population	1,740,854
Electorate	988,986
Current constituency
Created	1998
Number of members	9
Member(s)	Pro-Beijing (3):   Gary Chan (DAB)   Elizabeth Quat (DAB)   Eunice Yung (NPP) Vacant (6)
Created from	New Territories South-east, New Territories East, New Territories North, New Territories North-east

History

The constituency was formed in 1995 for the 1998 legislative election, replacing the six previous single-member constituencies: New Territories East and New Territories North, formed for the 1991 election using a dual-seat constituency dual-vote system, and New Territories North, New Territories East, New Territories Northeast, and New Territories Southeast, formed for the 1995 election. From 1985 to 1991, the seats were elected by the electoral colleges composed of the members of the district boards and Regional Council.

LegCo members for former New Territories East constituencies, 1985–1997
1985–1988	Part of West New Territories constituency		New Territories (East)								Part of South New Territories constituency
				Andrew Wong (Ind)
1988–1991
1991–1995	Part of New Territories West constituency		New Territories North				New Territories East
				Tik Chi-yuen (MP→DP)		Fung Chi-wood (UD→DP)		Emily Lau (Ind)		Andrew Wong (Ind)
1995–1997	New Territories North				New Territories North-east		New Territories East		New Territories South-east
		Cheung Hon-chung (DAB)				Allen Lee (LP)		Emily Lau (Ind→TF)		Andrew Wong (Ind)

Returned members

Below are all the members returned for the New Territories East constituency since its creation. The number of seats increased from five to nine between 1998 and 2012.

LegCo members for New Territories East, 1998–present
Term	Election	Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member		Member
1st	1998		Emily Lau (TF→DP)		Andrew Cheng (DP→Ind)		Lau Kong-wah (DAB/CF)		Cyd Ho (TF)		Andrew Wong (Ind)
2nd	2000								Wong Sing-chi (DP)
3rd	2004								Ronny Tong (A45→CP→Ind)		Leung Kwok-hung (AFA→LSD)		James Tien (LP)		Li Kwok-ying (DAB)
4th	2008												Wong Sing-chi (DP)		Chan Hak-kan (DAB/NTAS)
	2010 (b)
5th	2012				Fernando Cheung (Lab)		Elizabeth Quat (DAB)						Chan Chi-chuen (PP)				James Tien (LP)		Gary Fan (ND)
	2016 (b)								Alvin Yeung (CP)
6th	2016		Lam Cheuk-ting (DP)														Yung Hoi-yan (NPP)		Sixtus Leung (Youngspiration)
	2018 (b)									Vacant									Gary Fan (ND)
																		Vacant
								Vacant
		Vacant		Vacant								Vacant

Summary of seats won

Term	Election	Distribution
1st	1998	2 1 1 1
2nd	2000	1 2 1 1
3rd	2004	1 1 1 1 1 2
4th	2008	1 1 1 2 2
5th	2012	1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
6th	2016	1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

		1998	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016
	Frontier || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
	Democratic || 1 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 1
	DAB || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
	Liberal || || || 1 || || 1 ||
	April Fifth Action			1
	LSD || || || || 1 || 1 || 1
	Civic || || || || 1 || 1 || 1
	Labour || || || || || 1 || 1
	People Power || || || || || 1 || 1
	Neo Democrats || || || || || 1 ||
	Youngspiration || || || || || || 1
	NPP || || || || || || 1
	Independent || 1 || 1 || 1 || || ||
Pro-democracy		4	4	4	5	6	6
Pro-Beijing		1	1	3	2	3	3
Seats		5	5	7	7	9	9

Vote share summary

		1998	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016
	Frontier || 30.8 || 20.6 || 11.2 || 9.2 || ||
	Democratic || 25.6 || 24.4 || 16.8 || 23.8 || 14.7 || 6.8
	DAB || 17.2 || 21.8 || 22.1 || 28.4 || 18.2 || 18.5
	Liberal || 10.3 || 5.0 || 15.9 || 8.0 || 6.7 || 3.5
	Citizens || 0.7 || || || || ||
	April Fifth Action || || 5.9 || 14.1 || || ||
	Progressive Alliance || || 2.9 || 3.3 || || ||
	New Forum || || 2.2 || || || ||
	CTU || || || 5.6 || || ||
	LSD || || || || 12.4 || 10.4 || 6.1
	Civic || || || || 11.1 || 7.1 || 9.0
	Labour || || || || || 9.5 || 8.6
	People Power || || || || || 8.2 || 7.9
	Neo Democrats || || || || || 6.2 || 5.4
	FTU || || || || || 5.3 || 4.6
	Civil Force || || || || || 5.2 ||
	Economic Synergy || || || || || 1.2 ||
	Youngspiration || || || || || || 6.6
	NPP || || || || || || 6.2
	HKRO || || || || || || 4.1
	Path of Democracy || || || || || || 1.4
	Independent and Others || 15.4 || 17.1 || 11.0 || 7.1 || 7.9 || 11.3
Pro-democracy		70.6	65.6	58.7	56.5	57.4	57.9
Pro-Beijing		29.4	34.4	41.3	42.1	42.4	34.6

Election results

The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.

2010s

New Territories East by-election 2018[1]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai	183,762	44.57
	FTU (DAB)	Tang Ka-piu	152,904	37.08
	Livelihood First	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	64,905	15.74
	Independent	Wong Sing-chi	6,182	1.50
	Nonpartisan	Joyce Chiu Pui-yuk	3,068	0.74
	Independent	Estella Chan Yuet-ngor	1,504	0.36
Majority			30,858	7.49
Total valid votes			412,325	100.00
Rejected ballots			4,363
Turnout			416,688	42.13
Registered electors			988,986
	Neo Democrats gain from Youngspiration		Swing

↓

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

Vote share

  DAB (18.52%)

  Civic (9.03%)

  Labour (8.58%)

  People Power (7.92%)

  Democratic (6.77%)

  Youngspiration (6.55%)

  NPP/CF (6.23%)

  LSD (6.13%)

  Neo Democrats (5.44%)

  FTU (4.64%)

  HKRO/CP (4.07%)

  Liberal (3.45%)

  Path of Democracy (1.39%)

  Other (11.28%)

Legislative Election 2016: New Territories East
List		Candidates	Votes	%	±
	DAB	Elizabeth Quat Kenny Chong Yuen-tung, Tung Kin-lei, Chan Pok-chi, Alvin Chiu Man-leong, Philip Li Ka-leung, Wan Kai-ming, Ada Lo Tai-suen, Alf Wong Chi-yung	58,825	10.13	+0.20
	Civic	Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	52,416	9.03	+1.98
	Labour	Cheung Chiu-hung Kwok Wing-kin	49,800	8.58	+0.03
	DAB (NTAS)	Chan Hak-kan Clement Woo Kin-man, Jiff Yiu Ming, Peggy Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Tsang Hing-lung, Mui Siu-fung, Hau Hon-shek	48,720	8.39	–0.43
	People Power	Raymond Chan Chi-chuen	45,993	7.92	–0.27
	Democratic	Lam Cheuk-ting Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ting Tsz-yuen, Ng Kam-hung, Lo Ying-cheung	39,327	6.77	–7.90
	Youngspiration (Nonpartisan)	Sixtus Leung Chung-hang Li Tung-sing	37,997	6.55	N/A
	NPP (Civil Force)	Yung Hoi-yan Stanley Lanny Tam, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tong Hok-leung, James Yip Chi-ho, Michael Liu Tsz-chung	36,183	6.23	+1.07
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	35,595	6.13	–4.26
	Independent	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	34,544	5.95	+0.66
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Chung Kam-lun, Chan Wai-tat, Li Sai-hung, Chow Yuen-wai, Lui Man-kwong	31,595	5.44	–0.72
	FTU	Tang Ka-piu, Tam Kam-lin, Kent Tsang King-chung	26,931	4.64	–0.62
	HKRO (Civic Passion)	Chin Wan-kan, Marco Lee Kwok-hei	23,635	4.07	N/A
	Liberal	Dominic Lee Tsz-king, James Tien Pei-chun	20,031	3.45	–3.22
	Independent	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo	17,892	3.08	N/A
	Path of Democracy	Raymond Mak Ka-chun	8,084	1.39	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Hau Chi-keung, Wong Shui-sang, Pang Wang-kin, Yip Wah-ching	6,720	1.16	N/A
	Justice Alliance	Leticia Lee See-yin	2,938	0.51	N/A
	Independent	Wong Sum-yu	1,657	0.29	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Marcus Liu Tin-shing, Ben Kuen Ping-yiu, Li Wai	850	0.15	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Estella Chan Yuk-ngor	486	0.08	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Clarence Ronald Leung Kam-shing, Yau Man-king	305	0.05	N/A
Total valid votes			580,524	100.00
Rejected ballots			6,867
Turnout			587,391	60.24	+6.38
Registered electors			975,071

New Territories East by-election 2016

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Civic	Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	160,880	37.19
	DAB	Holden Chow Ho-ding	150,329	34.75
	Indigenous	Edward Leung Tin-kei	66,524	15.38
	Independent	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	33,424	7.73
	Third Side	Wong Sing-chi	17,295	4.00
	Nonpartisan	Lau Chi-shing	2,271	0.52
	Independent	Albert Leung Sze-ho	1,858	0.43
Majority			10,551	2.44
Total valid votes			432,581	100.00
Rejected ballots			1,639
Turnout			434,220	46.18
Registered electors			940,340
	Civic gain from Nonpartisan		Swing

↓

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

Vote share

  DAB (18.75%)

  Democratic (14.67%)

  LSD (10.39%)

  Labour (8.53%)

  People Power (8.19%)

  Civic (7.05%)

  Liberal (6.67%)

  Neo Democrats (6.16%)

  FTU (5.26%)

  Civil Force (5.16%)

  Economic Synergy (1.23%)

  Other (7.94%)

Legislative Election 2012: New Territories East
List		Candidates	Votes	%	±
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	48,295	10.39	−2.01
	DAB	Elizabeth Quat Chong Yuen-tung, Li Sai-wing, Philip Li Ka-leung, Tung Kin-lei, Ki Lai-mei, Wong Ping-fan	46,139	9.93	N/A
	DAB	Chan Hak-kan Lau Kwok-fan, Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Clement Woo Kin-man, Yiu Ming	40,977	8.82	−19.58
	Labour	Cheung Chiu-hung Kwok Wing-kin	39,650	8.53	N/A
	People Power (Frontier)	Raymond Chan Chi-chuen Erica Yuen Mi-ming	38,042	8.19	N/A
	Democratic	Emily Lau Wai-hing Ricky Or Yiu-lam, Frankie Lam Siu-ching, Lam Wing-yin	37,039	7.97	−1.23
	Civic	Ronny Tong Ka-wah Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	32,753	7.05	−4.05
	Liberal	James Tien Pei-chun Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee, Leung Chi-wai, Liu Kwok-wah	31,016	6.67	−1.33
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip, Yau Man-chun, Chung Kam-lun, Cheung Kwok-keung, Michael Yung Ming-chau	28,621	6.16	N/A
	Independent	Christine Fong Kwok-shan	24,594	5.29	N/A
	FTU	Ip Wai-ming, Wong Wang-to, Ching Ngon-lai, Kan Siu-kei, Kent Tsang King-chung, Cheung Kwok-wo	24,458	5.26	N/A
	Civil Force (New Forum)	Scarlett Pong Oi-lan, Lanny Tam, Law Kwong-keung, Chan Kwok-tim, So Chun-man, Lam Chung-yan, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tang Wing-cheong	23,988	5.16	−0.54
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi, Law Sai-yan	21,118	4.54	−7.66
	Democratic	Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Au Chun-wah, Mak Yun-pui, Kwong Mei-na	10,028	2.16	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Pong Yat-ming	6,031	1.30	N/A
	Economic Synergy	Yau Wing-kwong, Tong Po-chun, Chan Cho-leung, Pang Shu-wan, Lau Wai-lun, Shing Kwok-chu, Man Chen-fai, Tang Kwong-wing, Lok Shui-sang	5,717	1.23	N/A
	Independent	Raymond Ho Man-kit	2,875	0.62	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Chan Kwok-keung	2,327	0.50	N/A
	Independent	Angel Leung On-kay	1,077	0.23	N/A
Total valid votes			464,745	100.00
Rejected ballots			6,325
Turnout			471,070	53.86	+9.61
Registered electors			874,694

New Territories East by-election 2010[2]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	108,927	79.93
	Tertiary 2012	Crystal Chow Ching	17,260	12.67
	Nonpartisan	James Chan Kwok-keung	7,310	5.36
	Nonpartisan	Wu Sai-chuen	2,783	2.04
Majority			91,667	67.26
Total valid votes			136,280	100.00
Rejected ballots			5,952
Turnout			142,232	17.23
Registered electors			825,538
	LSD hold		Swing

2000s

↓

1

1

1

2

2

Vote share

  DAB (28.4%)

  Democratic (23.8%)

  LSD (12.4%)

  Civic (11.1%)

  Frontier (9.2%)

  Liberal (8.0%)

  Other (7.1%)

Legislative Election 2008: New Territories East[3]
List		Candidates	Votes	%	±
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah, Chan Hak-kan Mok Kam-kwai, Wong Pik-kiu, Chan Kwok-kai, Lau Kwok-fan, Calvin Lin Chor-keung	102,434	28.38 (14.29+14.09)	+6.26
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	44,763	12.40	−1.74
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi Mok Siu-lun	44,174	12.24	N/A
	Democratic	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Yam Kai-bong, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Leung Li, Kwan Wing-yip, Michael Yung Ming-chau, Frankie Lam Siu-chung	41,931	11.62	N/A
	Civic	Ronny Tong Ka-wah Tsang Kwok-fung, Tsang Kin-chiu	39,957	11.07	N/A
	Frontier	Emily Lau Wai-hing Ricky Or Yiu-lam	33,205	9.20	N/A
	Liberal	James Tien Pei-chun, Terry Kan Wing-fai, Christine Fong Kwok-shan	28,875	8.00	−7.91
	Independent	Scarlett Pong Oi-lan	20,455	5.67	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Alvin Lee Chi-wing	4,007	1.11	N/A
	Party for Civil Rights and Livelihood	Siu See-kong, David Yung Chiu-wing	1,129	0.31	N/A
Total valid votes			360,930	100.00
Rejected ballots			2,029
Turnout			362,959	44.25	–12.17
Registered electors			820,205

↓

1

1

1

1

1

2

Vote share

  7.1 United Front (39.2%)

  DAB (22.1%)

  Liberal (15.9%)

  April Fifth Action (14.1%)

  Progressive Alliance (3.3%)

  Other (5.4%)

Legislative Election 2004: New Territories East[4]
List		Candidates	Votes	%	±
	7.1 United Front	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo, Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ronny Tong Ka-wah Wong Sing-chi, Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Ricky Or Yiu-lam	168,833	39.17 (14.29+14.29+10.59)	N/A
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah, Li Kwok-ying Mok Kam-kwai, Chan Kwok-tai, So Sai-chi, Wong Pik-kiu, Chan Hak-kan	95,434	22.14 (14.29+7.85)	+0.39
	Liberal	James Tien Pei-chun	68,560	15.91	+10.89
	April Fifth Action	Leung Kwok-hung	60,925	14.14	+8.22
	Nonpartisan	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	23,081	5.36	−10.64
	Progressive Alliance	Tso Wung-wai	14,174	3.29	+0.42
Total valid votes			431,007	100.00
Rejected ballots			3,745
Turnout			434,752	56.42	+11.64
Registered electors			770,590

↓

1

2

1

1

Vote share

  Democratic (24.4%)

  DAB (21.6%)

  Frontier (20.7%)

  April Fifth Action (5.9%)

  Liberal (5.0%)

  Progressive Alliance (2.9%)

  New Forum (2.2%)

  Other (17.3%)

Legislative Election 2000: New Territories East[5]
List		Candidates	Votes	%	±
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah Wan Yuet-kau, Wong Mo-tai, Wan Chung-ping, Li Kwok-ying	66,943	21.75 (20+1.75)	+4.58
	Frontier	Emily Lau Wai-hing Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong	63,541	20.64 (20+0.64)	−10.17
	Democratic	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip	49,242	16.00	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	44,899	14.59	+1.16
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi Chow Wai-tung, Wong Leung-hi	25,971	8.44	N/A
	April Fifth Action	Leung Kwok-hung	18,235	5.92	N/A
	Liberal	Lau Hing-kee, Leung Chi-wai, Susana Ho Shu-tee	15,450	5.02	−5.23
	Progressive Alliance	Choy Kan-pui, Ling Man-hoi, Cheng Chun-wo, Ho Sau-mo	8,835	2.87	N/A
	Nonpartisan	Brian Kan Ping-chee	7,945	2.58	+0.57
	New Forum	Law Cheung-kwok	6,774	2.20	N/A
Total valid votes			307,835	100.00
Rejected ballots			2,112
Turnout			309,947	44.78	–11.1
Registered electors			692,164

1990s

↓

2

1

1

1

Vote share

  Frontier (30.8%)

  Democratic (25.6%)

  DAB (17.2%)

  Liberal (10.3%)

  Citizens (0.7%)

  Other (15.4%)

Legislative Election 1998: New Territories East[6]
List		Candidates	Votes	%	±
	Frontier	Emily Lau Wai-hing, Cyd Ho Sau-lan	101,811	30.81 (20+10.81)
	Democratic	Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Wong Sing-chi, Lam Wing-yin, Ho Suk-ping	84,629	25.61 (20+5.61)
	DAB	Lau Kong-wah Cheung Hon-chung, Chan Ping, Wan Yuet-kau, Wong Mo-tai	56,731	17.17
	Independent	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	44,386	13.43
	Liberal	Allen Lee Peng-fei, Wong Yiu-chee, Cheng Chee-kwok	33,858	10.25
	Nonpartisan	Brian Kan Ping-chee	6,637	2.01
	Citizens	Lui Yat-ming	2,302	0.72
Total valid votes			330,434	100.00
Rejected ballots			2,260
Turnout			332,694	55.88
Registered electors			595,340

1995 Constituencies

New Territories North

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories North[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	DAB	Cheung Hon-chung	17,026	50.07
	Democratic	Wong Sing-chi	16,978	49.93
Majority			48	0.14
Total valid votes			34,004	100.00
Rejected ballots			368
Turnout			34,372	34.60
Registered electors			99,352
	DAB win (new seat)

New Territories North-east

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories North-east[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Allen Lee Peng-fei	15,216	34.82
	DAB	Cheung Hok-ming	12,256	28.04
	Democratic	Cheung Wing-fai	11,507	26.33
	United Ants	Law Yuk-kai	4,723	10.81
Majority			2,960	6.78
Total valid votes			43,702	100.00
Rejected ballots			478
Turnout			44,180	39.29
Registered electors			112,444
	Liberal win (new seat)

New Territories South-east

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories South-east[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	23,666	47.83
	United Ants	Harold Ko Ping-chung	13,828	27.95
	DAB	William Wan Hon-cheung	11,987	24.23
Majority			9,838	19.88
Total valid votes			49,481	100.00
Rejected ballots			755
Turnout			50,236	33.94
Registered electors			147,995
	Independent win (new seat)

New Territories East

Legislative Election 1995: New Territories East[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Emily Lau Wai-hing	39,265	58.51
	Civil Force	Lau Kong-wah	27,841	41.49
Majority			11,424	17.02
Total valid votes			67,106	100.00
Rejected ballots			432
Turnout			67,538	40.90
Registered electors			165,127
	Independent win (new seat)

1991 Constituencies

Dual-seat constituency dual vote system was used with two seats to be filled in each constituency.

New Territories North

Legislative Election 1991: New Territories North

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Democrats	Fung Chi-wood	23,267	27.3
	Meeting Point	Tik Chi-yuen	21,702	25.5
	LDF	Cheung Hon-chung	16,221	19.1
	LDF	Johnny Wong Chi-keung	15,350	18.0
	ADPL	Ronald Chow Mei-tak	7,117	8.4
	Independent	Tong Wai-man	1,449	1.7
Turnout			46,644	38.2
	United Democrats win (new seat)
	Meeting Point win (new seat)

New Territories East

Legislative Election 1991: New Territories East

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Emily Lau Wai-hing	46,515	26.3
	Independent	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	39,806	22.5
	Independent	Tony Kan Chung-nin	37,126	21.0
	United Democrats	Lau Kong-wah	26,659	15.1
	United Democrats	Johnston Wong Hong-chung	26,156	14.8
	Independent	Sunny Choi Man-hing	348	0.2
	Independent	Leung Ka-ching	306	0.2
Turnout			96,637	49.0
	Independent win (new seat)
	Independent win (new seat)

1985–88 Electoral College

New Territories (East)

Legislative Election 1988: New Territories (East)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	30	54.55	-0.85
	Meeting Point	Michael Lai Kam-cheung	25	45.45
	Nonpartisan hold		Swing

Legislative Election 1985: New Territories (East)

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Nonpartisan	Andrew Wong Wang-fat	29	53.70
	Nonpartisan	Pang Hang-yin	25	46.30
	Nonpartisan	Liu Ching-leung	0	0
	Nonpartisan	Wong Yuen-cheung	0	0
	Nonpartisan	Wai Hon-leung	0	0
	Nonpartisan win (new seat)

See also

• List of constituencies of Hong Kong

References

1. "Election Result - New Territories East". Electoral Affairs Commission.
2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
4. "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2002.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
6. http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199805/25/0525201.htm
7. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
8. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
9. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf
10. http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B35838851.pdf

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