Paleobiota of the Ciechocinek Formation

The Ciechocinek Formation is a Jurassic (lower to middle Toarcian) geologic formation which extends across the Baltic coast from Grimmen, Germany, to Nida, Lithuania, with its major sequence in Poland and boreholes in Kaliningrad. Dinosaur species uncovered here include the Thyreorporan Emausaurus and others with an unclassified genus.

Terrestrial environment of Łęczna (Lublin, Poland), based on Bogdanka Coal Mine flora. Dinosaurs are based on material found in the formation.

In Poland, the main basin lacks marine microfauna. The Ciechocinek Formation in the Częstochowa-Zawiercie area reveals the remains of a wide range of prehistoric environments; the Fore-Sudetic Monocline region must have been an extensive bay similar to Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. The basin's shore zone was a flat, muddy, marshy coastal plain.

The region has the remains of the Wrêczyca River, which was active for most of the Pliensbachian/Toarcian period. At the Brody-Lubienia borehole (Lubienia), which once formed part of the river's east side, an alluvial system ended at a delta and discharged into a shallow marine bay and lagoon. A number of phyllopods and fossilized plant roots have been found here, where they were discharged by the river. Paleosol indicates that the lagoon had a maximum depth of about 6 metres (20 ft).

Foraminifera

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Ammobaculites[1]	Ammobaculites vetusta Ammobaculites linea	Mechowo 1 Borehole	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Ammomarginulininae inside Lituolidae.
Placopsilina[1]	Placopsilina complanata	Mechowo 1 Borehole	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Lituoloidea inside Lituolida.
Haplophragmoides[1][2][3]	Haplophragmoides tryssa Haplophragmoides platus Haplophragmoides sp.	Aleksandrów I Borehole Gorzów Wiepolski Mechowo 1 Borehole Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Lituoloidea inside Lituolida.
lnvolutina[1]	lnvolutina silicea	Aleksandrów I Borehole Krzyzskie	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Ammodiscinae inside Ammodiscina.
Ammodiscus[4][5][2][3]	Ammodiscus glumaceous Ammodiscus orbis Ammodiscus cf. orbis	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Ammodiscinae inside Ammodiscina. Benthic foraminiferal successions heavily dominated by Ammodiscus and Trochammina are known from several Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic sediment packages along the Atlantic margin of northwestern Europe.[6]
Glomospira[4][5][2][3][7]	Glomospira sp	Boża Wola Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Usbekistaniinae inside Ammodiscidae.
Trochammina[4][5][2][3][7]	Trochammina sp Trochammina? sp	Pabianice Łutowiec Boża Wola Żarki Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Trochammininae inside Trochamminina. Small-sized Ammodiscus–Trochammina assemblages are found associated with delta-influenced shelf environment, where biota would have been stressed by intermittent periods with moderate hypoxia combined with lowered salinity and storm impacts.[6]
Lagenammina[4][5]	Lagenammina sp.	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Saccamminidae inside Astrorhizacea. Sometimes confused with the genus Arlagenammum.[6]
Saccammina[4][5]	Saccammina? sp	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Saccamminidae inside Astrorhizacea. Sometimes confused with the genus Arsaccammum or called Saccamina.[6] The Local specimens are rather rare, incomplete and complicate to identify.
Crithionina[1]	Crithionina sp.	Aleksandrów I Borehole Gorzów Wiepolski Mechowo 1 Borehole	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Saccamminidae inside Astrorhizacea.
Lenticulina[2][3][7]	Lenticulina sp.	Boża Wola Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Vaginulinidae inside Nodosarioidea.
Citharina[2][3][7]	Citharina sp.	Boża Wola Gorzów Wiepolski	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Vaginulininae inside Nodosarioidea.
Ophtalmidium[2][3][7]	Ophtalmidium sp.	Boża Wola	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Ophthalmidiidae inside Cornuspiroidea.
Dentalina[4][5][8]	Dentalina sp.	Pabianice Łutowiec Żarki Dobbertin	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, member of the family Nodosariidae inside Nodosariinae.
Lingulina[9][8]	Lingulina sp.	Dobbertin Grimmen	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Lingulininae inside Nodosariinae.
Bolivina[9][8]	Bolivina sp.	Dobbertin Grimmen	Cunchs	A marine Foraminiferan, type member of the family Bolivinidae inside Bolivinoidea.

Dinoflagellates

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Nannoceratopsis[10]	Nannoceratopsis senex Nannoceratopsis triceras Nannoceratopsis raunsgardii Nannoceratopsis ridingii	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Dinocysts	A marine Dinophyceae Dinoflagellatan, type member of the family Nannoceratopsiaceae inside Nannoceratopsiales. The large amount of Cysts of the genus point to more diversified marine palaeoenvironments. N. senex is the most abundant. Locally Nannoceratopsis recovers series of marine transgressions and regressions, pointing to the presence of interbedding marine and brackish sediments.
Luehndea[10]	Luehndea spinosa	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Dinocysts	A marine Dinophyceae Dinoflagellatan, type member of the family Luehndeoideae inside Mancodiniaceae. Presence of Luehndea spinosa suggests Late Pliensbachian–earliest Toarcian age of studied assemblages. The marine dinoflagellate cyst Luehndea spinosa and foraminiferal linings were found only in the lower half of the Kozłowice succession.

Fungi

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Xylophagous Fungi[11]	Morphotype A (Aseptae) Morphotype B (Sphaerical) Morphotype C (Sack-shaped) Morphotype D (Transverse septa)	Brody-Lubienia borehole.[11] Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores Hyphae-like attachments	Saprophyte fungal Spores from Marine and Deltaic Settings associated with wood and Litter.[11] The frequency of fungal spores on the Polish basin on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition is correlated with negative C isotope peaks and enhanced cuticular plant litter accumulation, pointing to the climate-driven enhanced decomposition of wood and rapid destruction of terrestrial carbon, which may have played an important role in the aggravation of the Jurassic Greenhouse disaster.[11] Associated with a high rate of organic burial, the presence of Fungal Matter increased on the Uppermost layers of the Drzewica Formation, with a continued deposition between the T-OAE extinction, and several ups and downs on the Ciechocinek Formation, related with local climate and humidity changes. This is rather a reflection of the efficiency of terrestrial biodegradation.[11] Measured increasing of temperature favored local fungal-mediated decomposition of plant litter, specifically of normally resistant wood.[11] Observed fungal spores represent various morphotypes and resemble superficially other palynogenic detritus, such as spherical Prasinophyceae.[11] In some cases spherical fungal spores show structures related to Hyphae attachments.[11]	Spores found on the Polish are mostly from Saprophyte (wood decomposers) fungi, resembling the extant genera like Scutellinia, which are probably the main origin for the Fungal Spores found on the Ciechocinek Formation
Amerospores[11]	Morphotype E (Amerospore)	Brody-Lubienia borehole.[11] Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores	A Saprophyte fungus, member of the family Sordariomycetes inside Ascomycota.[11] Non-filamentous spores with no septations and with no projections longer than the spore body. Related with the extant genus Poronia. Fungal spore peaks linked to a relative and absolute loss of wood suggest a prominent role of fungal wood decomposers.[11]	Poronia punctata, an extant saprophyte fungus with Amerospores. Similar fungi probably liberated this spores on the Ciechocinek Formation
Phragmospores[11]	Morphotype F (Phragmospores)	Brody-Lubienia borehole.[11] Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores	A Saprophyte fungus, member of the family Dothideomycetes or Sordariomycetes inside Ascomycota.[11] Spores with two or more transverse septa. Related with the extant genus Acanthostigma, facultative pathogen, or beneficial partner of many plant species. Local humidity, though sufficiently high for fungal development throughout the whole T-OAE interval, is therefore thought to have been of a lesser significance for dynamics of fungal decomposition than elevated temperature.[11]	Leptosphaeria acuta, an extant wood fungus with phragmospores
Dictyosporiaceae[11]	Morphotype G (Dictyospores)	Brody-Lubienia borehole.[11] Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Fungal Spores	A freshwater anamorphic fungus, member of the family Pleosporales inside Pleosporomycetidae.[11] Multicellular spore with septations that intersect in more than one plane. Characterized by being mostly aquatic lignicolous species with cheiroid, digitate, palmate, and/or dictyosporous conidia. Related with the extant genus Dictyosporium, recorded worldwide from dead wood, decaying leaves, and palm material.	Lophiostoma compressum, an extant wood fungus with dictyospores
Sporonites[12]	Sporonites neddenii	Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole Blanowice Coals	Fungal Spores	A True Fungus, member of the family Eumycota inside Eumycetes. It is found associated with Wood Cuticles, Pollen and Spores, interpreted as some sort of parasitism. This genus is found mostly associated with the Blanowice Brown Coals, especially on associated Boreholes.	Sporonites was probably related with a plant parasite fungus or a litter fungus, such as Dicranophora

Invertebrates

Ichnofossils

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Taenidium[13][14]	Taenidium serpentinum	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Unlined meniscate burrows	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Taenidium is a meniscate backfill structure, usually considered to be produced by an animal progressing axially through the sediment and depositing alternating packets of differently constituted sediment behind it as it moves forward.
Chondrites[13][14]	Chondrites bollensis	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Small branching burrows	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Interpreted as the feeding burrow of a sediment-ingesting animal.[15] A more recent study has found that Scoloplos armiger and Heteromastus filiformis, occurring in the German Wadden Sea in the lower parts of tidal flats, make burrows that are homonymous with numerous trace fossils of the ichnogenus.[16]	Illustration of Chondrites bollensis
Planolites[17]	Planolites montanus Planolites beverleyensis	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Cylindrical or elliptical curved/tortuous trace fossils	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Planolites is really common in all types of the Ciechocinek Formation deposits. It is referred to vermiform deposit-feeders, mainly Polychaetes, producing active Fodinichnia. It is controversial, since is considered a strictly a junior synonym of Palaeophycus.[18]	Example of Planolites fossil
Palaeophycus[17]	Palaeophycus tubularis	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Straight or gently curved tubular burrows.	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Palaeophycus is less common than Planolites in deposits of the Ciechocinek Formation. On the Kozlowice outcrop however there are numerous specimens occur, interpreted as the result of passive filling of polychaete burrows.[17]	Example of Palaeophycus fossil
Helminthopsis[17]	Helminthopsis isp.	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Simple, unbranched, horizontal cylinder traces	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. There are a few specimens in the Kozlowice outcrop. It is interpreted as a grazing trail or Fodinichnia, produced at shallow depth in sediment by Polychaetes and Priapulids.[17]	Example of Helminthopsis fossil
Gyrochorte[17]	Gyrochorte isp.	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Winding, horizontal, double ridge burrows, separated by a median groove.	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. On the Kozlowice strata, only a few specimens were observed. Gyrochorte is interpreted as a result of active digging on the sediment by a deposit-feeding worm-like animal, probably Annelid or similar kinds of creatures.[17] Some modern species such as the Polychaete Pectinaria and some Scaphopoda mollusks let similar traces on the sand. Is a genus fond mostly on moderate to moderately high energy environments, including bars, shorefaces of beach complexes, storm-dominated shelves, and embayment areas?[19]
Protovirgularia[17]	Protovirgularia isp.	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard	Bilobate trace fossil	Saltwater/Blackish and Freshwater bottom Trace Fossils. Protovirgularia is a Repichnia form, ascribed to the activity of Bivalves, leaving a trace due to the rhythmic action of a foot.[17]
Spongeliomorpha[17][20]	Spongeliomorpha isp.	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Pawłowice 40 Borehole	Horizontal and subhorizontal, branching tunnels,cylindrical or elliptical in cross-section, displaying elongated striation on exterior of burrow casts	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. On the Kozłowice section a series of sand-filled tunnels of Spongeliomorpha are preserved as Endichnia within mudstone, preserved as Tubular Tempestites (Storm-burrow filling), open tubes produced by animals burrowing in a stable, stiff or firm sub strate.[20] Here the tubes occur in one ho rizon with thin sandy laminae and lenses that represent isolated Starved Ripples carried on the muddy sea-floor by storm-generated Traction power network.[20]Spongeliomorpha is believed to come from the domicile of Crustaceans: Anomuras (Probably Eocarcinoidea) and Decapodas (Probably Glypheidae), created as they dig in a firm, semiconsolidated substrate.[17] Local Spongeliomorpha could point to a transgressional Sea water impulse following a short episode of regression.[17]
Teichichnus[21]	Teichichnus isp.	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Vertical to oblique, unbranched or branched, elongated to arcuate spreite burrow	Saltwater/Blackish burrow-like ichnofossils. Is common on the Pomerania Region. The overall morphology and details of the burrows, in comparison with modern analogues and neoichnological experiments, suggest Echiurans (spoon worms) or Holothurians (sea cucumbers) with a combined suspension- and deposit-feeding behaviour as potential producers.	Teichichnus burrows
Diplocraterion[17]	Diplocraterion parallelum	Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Parkoszowice 58 BN borehole Żuki ul. 88-2 Borehole Gorzków BN Borehole Bobolice 68-km Borehole Choroń 31-BN Borehole	"U"-shaped burrows	Marine-Mangroove Vertical, U-shaped, single-spreite Burrows; unidirectional or bidirectional spreite, generally continuous, rarely discontinuous.[22] Most Diplocraterion show only protrusive spreit, like the local ones, produced under predominantly erosive conditions where the organism was constantly burrowing deeper into the substrate as sediment was eroded from the top. "U"-shaped burrows, such as Diplocraterion, can be constructed by a wide variety of creatures: Polychaeta annelids (Axiothella, Abarenicola and Scolecolepis), Sipunculans (Sipunculus), Enteropneustans (Balanoglossus) and Echiurans (Urechis).[23]	Diplocraterion parallelum diagram

Annelida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Dictyothylakos[24]	Dictyothylakos pesslerae Dictyothylakos "sp. Sing.1964"	Brody-Lubienia borehole Wolin IG-1 borehole Kaszewy 1 borehole Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Cocoons	Freshwater Clitellata Cocoons (Oligochaeta and Hirudinea), identified with palynological residues, and through to be tridimensional nets of probable algal origin.[25] Fragmentary mesh-like networks of happiness threads composed of homogenous translucent material. They show the outer wall (hapsine) construction specific to clitellate annelids and lack an alytine (inner) layer. A disorderly meshwork of the hapsine layer and hapsine fibers of unequal thickness, are diagnostic of the type species Dictyothylakos pesslerae. The cocoons Dictyothylakos pesslerae resemble specially those of modern Leechs, and are common on flooded basin sediments, which implies not only the presence of parasitic leeches, but also the presence of large hosts nearby, as has been confirmed on the case of the Ciechocinek Formation, thanks to the presence of not only dinosaurs but also Dipnoi and other freshwater taxa.	Example of leech cocoon Placobdella, example of leech

Brachiopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Discina[26][8]	Discina cornucopiae Discina papyracea	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Saltwater Brachiopodan, member of Discinidae inside Discinida. The classification of the Discinidae is rather treated with confusion, due to the description and the identification of either extinct and extant genera and species. The Shells of this genus are abundant on the German Realm of the formation.

Bivalvia

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Steinmannia[27][28][8]	Steinmannia bronni Steinmannia radiata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Cunchs	A Saltwater Oyster, member of "Posidoniidae" inside Ostreoida. A genus classified under "Posidonia bronni".
Stalagmina[26][8][28]	Stalagmina koeneni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Saltwater Clam, member of Inoceramidae inside Myalinida. This genus resemble the Modern Pearl Oysters, although it was more likely a clam. The specimens are rather complete.
Parainoceramya[26][8][27]	Parainoceramya dubia	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Saltwater Clam, member of Inoceramidae inside Myalinida. Pseudomytiloides dubius is a possible junior synonym. This genus resembles the Modern Pearl Oysters, although it was more likely a clam. The specimens are rather complete. It is the most common bivalve found locally.	Parainoceramya
Lucina[26][8]	Lucina plana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Saltwater Clam, member of Lucinidae inside Lucinida. Very abundant on the layers	Lucina
Goniomya[26][8]	Goniomya rhombifera	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Saltwater Clam, member of Pholadomyidae inside Pholadomyida. Rather common, but less abundant than other local genera
Cuspidaria[29][30][26][8]	Neaera (=Cuspidaria) kayseri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A Saltwater Clam, member of Cuspidariidae inside Anomalodesmata. Marginal Marine to Mangrove swamp mollusk fauna, present on a rather large degree of salinities.
Macoma[30][31][32]	Macoma sp.	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A saltwater Clam, member of the family Tellinidae inside Cardiida. Thousands of individuals were found associated with the same level.	Example of extant specimen of Macoma
Cytherea[29][30][31][32]	Cytherea? sp.	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A saltwater Clam, member of the family Veneridae inside Venerida. A lump was found containing numerous fauna of clams belonging to the genus Cytherea. Is now believed that the liasic forms defined by him as Cytherea they are of completely different kinds.
Callista[29][30][31][32]	Eocallista (Callista) sp.	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A saltwater Clam, member of the family Veneridae inside Venerida.	Example of extant specimen of Callista
Nuculana[32]	Nuculana zieteni	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A saltwater Pointed Nut Clam, type member of the family Nuculanidae inside Protobranchia.
Meleagrinella[26][8][33]	Meleagrinella substriata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin clay pit Kozłowice Clay Pit "Boroszów" Brickyard Lubenia Brody Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A Saltwater Scallop, member of Oxytomidae inside Pectinida. Depositional environments in the Polish Basin at this time did not host organisms normally associated with well-oxygenated marine conditions. Meleagrinella substriata is the most common bivalve found on the Toarcian Polish Basin, linked with all the marine Deposits.	Meleagrinella
Pseudomonotis[34]	Pseudomonotis substriata	Kołobrzeg Gryfice Swidwtin	Cunchs	A Saltwater Scallop, member of Pseudomonotidae inside Pectinida. The deposition of the specimens, on the East shore of the marine Toarcian transgression, suggests a mass mortality event of bivalves.
Modiolus[2][3]	Modiolus sp.	Wyżyna Krakowsko Częstochowska	Cunchs	A Saltwater Mussel, member of Mytilidae inside Mytilida. Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska there is abundant the microfauna represented by foraminifers along with also mussels, unfortunately, due to the poor state of preservation not determinate (Probably Modiolus sp.).	Example of extant specimen of Modiolus
Unio[31][32][35]	Unio minutus	Lubienia Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A Freshwater Mussel, type member of the family Unionoida inside Palaeoheterodonta. The Only major Freshwater Bivalve recovered on the Formation.	Example of extant specimen of Unio

Gastropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Coelodiscus[27][28][8][36]	Coelodiscus minutus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Cunchs	A holoplanktonic Snail, type member of the family Coelodiscidae inside Prosobranchia. This is the oldest known holoplanktonic gastropod, thanks to bilateral symmetrical shells as an adaption to active swimming. Also the most common of the sea snails on the Clay Pit of Dobbertin, where is one of the most varied in size terms, with some of the biggest specimens of this snail from the Lower Toarcian know.[36] It has been related to large floating driftwood as one of the primary settlers.[36]
Cerithium[29][30][26][8][37]	Cerithium armatum Cerithium roeceri Cerithium quadrilineatum Cerithium pentacostae Cerithium tuberculatum Cerithium abscisum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Cerithiinae inside Caenogastropoda. The main recovered gasteropod from the Green Series. Extant genus.	Cerithium
Procerithium[29][26][8]	Procerithium quadrilineatum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Procerithiidae inside Caenogastropoda.
Rhynchocerithium[37]	Rhynchocerithium sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Procerithiidae inside Caenogastropoda. The local assigned Francocerithium? sp and Francocerithium kochi from the older Pliensbachian strat can be all Rhynchocerithium sp.
Ptychomphalus[37]	Ptychomphalus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Eotomariidae inside Pleurotomarioidea. The species may be identical to the questionable "Ptychomphalus" theodorii.
Katosira[26][8]	Katosira periniana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin Braunschweig	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Settsassiidae inside Hypsogastropoda. Turriculate, slender shells.
Maturifusus[37]	Maturifusus grimmensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, type member of Maturifusidae inside Hypsogastropoda. Limited to the Grimmen Clay Pit
Cylindrobullina[37]	Cylindrobullina pseudmoorei Cylindrobullina concavata Cylindrobullina domeria	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Clay Pit	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, type member of Cylindrobullinidae inside Architectibranchia. Diversified through the Polish realm, but more common on Grimmen.
Ovactaeonina[29][30][37]	Ovactaeonina kalchreuthensis Ovactaeonina franconica Ovactaeonina abdominiformis Ovactaeonina pommerana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Clay Pit Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A Sea Snail, member of Acteoninidae inside Prosobranchia. The most diverse on the Polish realm, also the most common.
Levipleura[29][30][37]	Levipleura blainvillei	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Police Trzebawie	Cunchs	A sea Snail, member of Zygopleuridae inside Murchisoniina. More abundant on the German Realm
Falsoebala[29][30][31][37]	Falsoebala liassica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Police Trzebawie	Cunchs	An opisthobranch sea Snail, member of Murchisonellidae inside Pyramidelloidea. Trend to be limited to northern deposits
Kalchreuthia[37]	Kalchreuthia frankei	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cunchs	A minute sea Snail, member of Iravadiidae inside Truncatelloidea. This Genus is abundant on Pomerania, but trends to be absent on mostly of the Grimmen Pit strata.
Tricarilda[37]	Tricarilda? sp	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cunchs	A minute sea Snail, member of Mathildidae inside Allogastropoda. The Tricarilda? sp. of Grimmen is maybe the same as the assigned specimens Tricarilda? sp. of Reinberg
Lewisiella[37]	Lewisiella nuda	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cunchs	A Sea false top Snail, member of Ataphridae inside Trochoidea. Lewisiella nuda is also known from Franconia, with only 10 specimens from Grimmen.
Viviparus[31][35][32]	Viviparus sp. A Viviparus sp. B Cf.Viviparus sp.	Lubienia Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Cunchs	A river or "mystery" Snail, type member of the family Viviparidae inside Viviparoidea. In the area of the northern and north-western edge of the Swiętokrzyskie Mountains, the sea fauna has been found sporadically, but there are several finds of freshwater forms. Viviparus main identified snail on the Formation, and a typical form associated with Deltaic-Fluvial Deposits. The major Toarcian concentration of this genus is found on Gorzków.	Example of extant specimen of Viviparus

Cephalopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Eleganticeras[38][39][40][41]	Eleganticeras elegantulum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Hildoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Eleganticeras
Tiltoniceras[8][42]	Tiltoniceras antiquum Tiltoniceras sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Hildoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Tiltoniceras
Grammoceras[42][38][8][41]	Grammoceras thouarcense Grammoceras striatulum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Hildoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Grammoceras
Phylloceras[42][38][8][41]	Phylloceras heterophyllum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Phylloceratidae inside Ammonoidea. Among the largest ammonites found on the Green Series, with specimens over 60 cm	Phylloceras
Lobolytoceras[43][44]	Lobolytoceras siemensi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Lytoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Lobolytoceras
Lytoceras[42][38][8]	Lytoceras siemensi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Lytoceratidae inside Ammonoidea.	Lytoceras
Pseudolioceras[42][38][8]	Pseudolioceras lythense	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Harpoceratinae inside Ammonoidea.	Pseudolioceras
Dactylioceras[45][42][38][8][41]	Dactylioceras athleticum Dactylioceras temperatum Dactylioceras attenuatum Dactylioceras tenuicostatum Dactylioceras semicelatum Dactylioceras cf. aequistriatum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, type member of the family Dactylioceratinae inside Ammonoidea. Most common ammonite found on the Green Series and the different erratic boulders, as is the most common on the German realm, on the north and the south, with several specimens of different sizes.	Dactylioceras
Peronoceras[42][38][8][41]	Peronoceras fibulatum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Thüringen Brandenburg Braunschweig Boulder from Ahrensburg	Shells	An Ammonite, member of the family Dactylioceratinae inside Ammonoidea.
Parapassaloteuthis[26][42][38][8]	Parapassaloteuthis zieteni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Belemnoidean. member of the family Passaloteuthididae inside Belemnitida.
Cuspiteuthis[26][42][38]	Cuspiteuthis acuaria	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Belemnoidean. member of the family Megateuthididae inside Belemnitida.
Acrocoelites[26][42][38]	Acrocoelites pyramidalis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Belemnoidean. member of the family Megateuthididae inside Belemnitida.	Acrocoelites
Beloteuthis[26][42][38]	Beloteuthis schubleri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Mesoteuthoidean, member of the family Beloteuthidae. Is a relatively small genus.	Beloteuthis
Teudopsis[26][42][38][46]	Teudopsis bollensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Vampire Squid, member of Teudopsidae inside Vampyropodan. Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis.	Teudopsis
Jeletzkyteuthis[47][48]	Jeletzkyteuthis coriaceus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Multiple Specimens.	A Loligosepiidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha). Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Gladii of Loligosepia can be distinguished from Jeletzkyteuthis by the transition lateral field/hyperbolar zone. Described originally as Belopeltis bollensis.

Echinodermata

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Ophiuroidea[27][28][8][49][50]	Ophiuroidea Indeterminate A Ophiuroidea Indeterminate B Ophiuroidea Indeterminate C	Clay Pit of Dobbertin	Disc Scales Radial Shields Arm Portions	A Brittle Star, member of Ophiuroidea inside Echinodermata.
Paleocoma[27][28][8][50]	Palaeocoma milleri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Middle arm section	A Brittle Star, member of Ophiuroidea inside Echinodermata. It is relatively less abundant than in coeval strata.	Palaeocoma
Ophioderma[27][28][8][50]	Ophioderma? dentata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Central Ambulacral System Radicle	A Brittle Star, member of Ophiodermatidae inside Echinodermata. Still alive today. On the Green Series, is related to deep basinal deposits.	Ophioderma
Archastropecten[27][28][8][50]	Archastropecten hastingiae	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Fragments of Arms Tentacle pore	A Sea Star, member of Astropectinidae inside Asteroidea. Related to freshwater debris, that probably caused changes to salinity and mass mortality of Echinoderms.	Archastropecten
Chladocrinus[27][28][8][50]	Chladocrinus basaltiformis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Stems Fragments of Arms	A sea lily, member of Isocrinidae inside Crinoidea.
Pentacrinites[27][28][8]	Pentacrinites quenstedti Pentacrinites fossilis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Stems	A sea lily, member of Pentacrinitidae inside Isocrinida. A pelagic Sea lilly, related with floating logs.	Pentacrinites
Echinoidea[27][28][8][50]	Echinoidea Indeterminate A Echinoidea Indeterminate B	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Spines	A Sea Urchin, member of Echinoidea inside Echinodermata.
Holothuriida[27][28][49][8][51][52]	Holothuriida Indeterminate A Holothuriida Indeterminate B Holothuriida Indeterminate C Holothuriida Indeterminate D	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Ring Element Sclerites Holothurian Wheels	A sea Cucumber, member of Holothuriida inside Holothuroidea. Sea cucumbers from marginal marine settings.
Uncinulina[51][52]	Uncinulina polymorpha	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Sclerites Holothurian Wheels	A pelagic sea Cucumber, member of Elasipodida inside Holothuroidea. Open pelagic settings sea cucumbers probably washed to nearshore deposits
Ancistrum[51][52][53]	Ancistrum issleri Ancistrum nicholsoni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Sclerites Holothurian Wheels	A sea cucumber, member of the family Synaptidae inside Apodida. Due o the similarity of the fossils of this genus with the fishing hooks of some extant Synaptidae (exmpl. Chirodota japonica) is assumed that Ancistrum is a synaptid holothurian.
Cibrum[52][53]	Cibrum longipontinum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Sclerites Holothurian Wheel	A sea Cucumber, probably a member of the family Synaptidae inside Apodida. The systematic position of the fossil is uncertain. It has been seen an "Ankerplatten" on the holotype, that is derived from Synaptids.
Chirodota[52][53]	Chirodota heptalampra Chirodota mesoliassica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Sclerites Holothurian Wheel	A sea Cucumber, type member of the family Chiridotidae inside Apodida. It has an edge of the wheel rim with numerous sharp teeth. Also a conical shape on the outside of the wheel. The "cogs" of Chirodota - like on the genus Myriotrochus- precisely taken are very flat, round cups that are so in the skin of the animal is oriented so that its concavity points towards its surface.	Extant Chirodota
Crux[51][52][53]	Crux bartensteini	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Clay pit of Dobbertin	Holothurian Wheel	A sea Cucumber, member of the family Dendrochrotae inside Dendrochirotida. It isn't comparable to none of the modern sea Cucumbers. It has, however, lamellas like the ones found on species of the genus Echinocucumis, and also the genus Cucumaria.	Extant Cucumaria, Crux may have been similar in appearance

Crustacea

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Palaeopagurus[31][35]	Palaeopagurus morincus	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Chelae	A marine Hermit Crab, member of the family Paguridae inside Decapoda. It has been found on deposits with marginal marine to Mangroove influence.
Posidinia[54][42][38][8]	Posidinia opalina	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig Lubienia	Various specimens.	A Marine Decapodan, probably a member of Eocarcinoidea inside Anomura. It is among the oldest found Crabs worldwide. The genus is known locally mostly due to fragmentary specimens, related to less saline conditions.
Glyphea[42][38][8][54]	Glyphea liasina Glyphea muensteri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Braunschweig	Various specimens.	A Marine Decapodan, type member of the family Glypheidae inside Decapoda. The most complete Crustacean found on the formation	Glyphea
Proeryon[55]	cf. Proeryon sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Single specimen with preserved upper thorax and chelae	A Marine Decapodan, member of the family Proeryoninae inside Polychelida. Resemble Proeryon hartmani show less adaptations to hunt for small nectobenthic preys than other relatives, being abundant on Oyster-filled waters. There is a relative abundance of the genus in deep-water settings from the Toarcian onward.[56]	Proeryon
Palaeestheria[1][2][3][20][57]	Palaeestheria minuta Palaeestheria brodieana Palaeestheria sp.	Lubienia Kozlowice Boroszów Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice Żarnów Warsaw Płońsk Boża Wola Lidzbark Warmiński Polessk Zakościele Dąbrówka Zakościtel Sielec Studzianna Przysucha	Cunchs	A Freshwater Clam shrimp (Phyllopodan) of the family Lioestheriidae. They fed on detritus, being very small slow moving, nektonic organisms that filter fed as they floated. The specimens are numerous here and form thin layers, being the most abundant invertebrate recovered on all the formation. The presence of Palaeestheria marks the appearance of less saline conditions, as this is a mostly freshwater genus. The local Phyllopods are related with a great amount of freshwater debris (especially plants), and suggest seasonal changes on the rivers on the Toarcian Polish Basin. On Kozłowice, there is an association of the ichnogenus Planolites and phyllopods of this genus, which reflects a gradual decline in water salinity during a sea level high standard regression.	Palaeestheria
Liasina[5][20]	Liasina lanceolata Liasina vestibulifera Liasina sp. A Liasina sp. B Liasina sp. C	Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Pontocyprididae. Small marine ostracods related with abundant Green Algae environments
Ambigocythere[58]	Ambigocythere concentricostata	Brandenburg	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan with incertade Sedis assignation. The specimens of this genus are rather fragmentary.
Infracytheropteron[59]	Infracytheropteron supraliasicum	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protostomia. The specimens of this genus are rather fragmentary and of uncertain nature.
Ogmoconchella[60][61][62]	Ogmoconchella adenticulata Ogmoconchella aequalis Ogmoconchella secunda	Dobbertin Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. This genus is the main reported on the marine facies of the Dobbertin Clay Pit.
Ogmoconcha[63]	Ogmoconcha amalthei	Dobbertin Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. Is probably present on all the clay pits, although the other locations specimens were not published.
Ledahia[64]	Ledahia conviniens	Dobbertin Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. One of the genera that reflect better the migration patterns of ostracodans on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary.
Pseudohealdia[64]	Pseudohealdia pseudoespina	Dobbertin Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. The genus is rare on the layers.
Hermiella[61]	Hermiella circumvallata Hermiella intercedens	Brandenburg	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida. This genus is the main reported on the marine facies of the Dobbertin Clay Pit.
Cytheropteron[65]	Cytheropteron diversum	Grimmen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida. Is rare and the specimens found are rather incomplete.
Nanacythere[65]	Nanacythere (D.) firma Nanacythere (D.) fissicosta Nanacythere (G.) minor Nanacythere (N.) simplex	Grimmen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida. The most abundant genus on the Grimmen Clay Pit.
Procytherura[66]	Procytherura suebica	Grimmen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida. A genus with well preserved specimens locally.
Gramannicythere[67][68]	Gramannicythere bachi Gramannicythere coniuncta	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protocytheridae inside Podocopida. Common, and associated with benthonic deposits. This genus maybe was able to resist relative changes in salinity.
Kinkelinella[58]	Kinkelinella procera	Grimmen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protocytheridae inside Podocopida. A genus related with fish fossils and anoxic bottoms.
Bairdia[69][70]	Bairdia donzei Bairdia guttulae Bairdia michelseni Bairdia praehilda	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. Abundant and diverse, is found associated with Ammonite shells.
Bairdiacypris[69][70]	Bairdiacypris anisica brevis Bairdiacypris triasica postera	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. Less abundant than the genus Bairdia, is present on layers where wood debris is more abundant.
Fabalacypris[69][70]	Fabalacypris symmetrica	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. Know only from the Green Series, is a rather unusual and complex genus.
Isobythocypris[69][70]	Isobythocypris cylindrica	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea. It is a relatively abundant genus, but based on incomplete material.
Polycope[59]	Polycope tenuireticulata	Thüringen	Valves	A Marine Ostracodan of the family Polycopidae inside Cladocopina. Scarce but well preserved specimens.

Arachnida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Seppo[71]	Seppo koponeni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Single Incomplete Specimen.	A spider, possible member of the superfamily Palpimanoidea.[71] It is the first confirmed spider from the lower Jurassic, and a rare find, probably washed to the sea due to a hard wind related to hurricane action, present due to the measured monsoonal conditions of the formation, as on the rest of the Lower-Middle Toarcian strata. Probably a ground-dwelling predator that hunted the abundant insect fauna present on the layers.[71] With a robust and well-armed legs I, directed forwards give the suggestion that they were preycapture appendages, a morphology typical of a sit-and-wait predator, while the short legs III are more typical on web spiders, especially Orbweavers, but also found on Palpimanoids, but not on that that are common substrate dwellers, that had legs more equal.[71] Seppo was probably not a habitual ground dweller, with armoured front legs related to capturing dangerous prey, such as many palpimanoids today are Araneophagous, for example.[71]	Seppo koponeni reconstruction on a Tree, as suggested for its Leg III morphology

Insecta

Insects are a common terrestrial animals that were probably drifted to the sea due to Moonsonal conditions present on the Ciechocinek Formation.[72]

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Eolepidopterigidae[73]	Eolepidopterigidae indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Wing Scales	A Moth, member of the family Eolepidopterigidae inside Lepidoptera. They are essential fossils for the Development of the color on Lepidopterans.
Zalmonites[74]	Zalmonites geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, Incertade Sedis inside Orthoptera.
Panorpidium[75][76]	Panorpidium geinitzi Panorpidium magna Panorpidium minima Panorpidium media Panorpidium reticulata Panorpidium mesostena	Grimmen (Krempien collection) Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection) Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Breslau Museum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, member of the family Elcanidae inside Orthoptera. The species P. magna is among the largest Orthopterans of the Jurassic, while P. minima is among the smallest.
Parelcana[74][77][78]	Parelcana tenuis	Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, member of the family Elcanidae inside Orthoptera.
Synelcana[75][78]	Synelcana muelleri	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, member of the family Elcanidae inside Orthoptera.
Locustopsis[75][78]	Locustopsis gyra Locustopsis bernstorffi Locustopsis sippeli ?Locustopsis dubia Locustopsis bernstorffi Locustopsis nana Locustopsis reducta Locustopsis elongata Locustopsis elegans Locustopsis pulchella Locustopsis lacera Locustopsis procera Locustopsis mecklenburgica Locustopsis maculosa Locustopsis sp 1 Locustopsis sp 2 Locustopsis sp 3 Locustopsis sp 4	Grimmen (Krempien collection) Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection) Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, type member of the family Locustopsidae inside Orthoptera.
Plesioschwinzia[78][79]	Plesioschwinzia thalassophila	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, member of the family Locustopsidae inside Orthoptera.
Schwinzia[75][78]	Schwinzia sola	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, type member of the family Locustopsidae inside Orthoptera.
Locustophanes[75][78]	Locustophanes rhipidophorus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Locust, type member of the family Locustidae inside Orthoptera.
Protochaeta[75][78]	Protochaeta masculina Protochaeta lanceolata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Grasshopper, member of the family Regiatidae inside Orthoptera.
Protogryllus[77][78]	Protogryllus dobbertinensis Protogryllus germanicus Protogryllus sp. Protogryllus vicinus Protogryllus liadis Protogryllus major Protogryllus stenobasis Protogryllus femina Protogryllus acutipennis Protogryllus minor Protogryllus irregularis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (BMNH collection) Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cricket-like Grasshopper, type member of the family Protogryllidae inside Orthoptera.
Griphopteron[80]	Griphopteron molle	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cricket-like insect, member of the family Blattogryllidae inside Eoblattida.
Durnovaria[80]	Durnovaria cf. parallela	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Stick Insect, member of the family Aerophasmidae inside Phasmatodea.
Aenne[81]	Aenne liasina	Schönenwald railway cutting, Grimmen Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	The oldest known non biting Midge (Chironomidae) inside Diptera
Oryctochlus[81]	Oryctochlus toarciensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	The oldest known non biting Midge (Chironomidae) inside Diptera
Podonomius[81]	Podonomius tumidus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	The oldest known non biting Midge (Chironomidae) inside Diptera
Dobbertiniopteryx[82]	Dobbertiniopteryx capniomimus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A small winter Stonefly, member of the family Capniidae inside Plecoptera.
Mesotipula[83][84]	Mesotipula siggiae Mesotipula vicina Mesotipula cf. vicina Mesotipula mirabilis Mesotipula curvata Mesotipula geinitzi Mesotipula minuta Mesotipula lapidaria Mesotipula parva	Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae inside Diptera.
Architipula[83][77][78]	Architipula stigmatica Architipula latipennis Architipula elegans Architipula seebachi Architipula nana Architipula pusilla Architipula pulla Architipula debilis Architipula simplex Architipula intermedia Architipula obliqua Architipula areolata Architipula maior Architipula conspicua Architipula clara Architipula dubia	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae inside Diptera. A. nana can be the smallest Crane fly of the Jurassic.
Eotipula[74]	Eotipula defuncta Eotipula mortua Eotipula coarctata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae inside Diptera.
Phryganidium[74]	Phryganidium minimum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Crane Fly, member of the family Limoniidae inside Diptera.
Grimmenia[83]	Grimmenia prima Grimmenia secunda	Lehmhagen, near Grimmen (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Crane Fly of the family Limoniidae inside Diptera.
Rhaetomyia[80]	Rhaetomyia herrigi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Phantom midge of the family Chaoboridae inside Diptera.
Grimmyia[80]	Grimmyia baltica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Snipe Fly, member of the family Rhagionidae inside Diptera.
Liassobrachyceron[85]	Liassobrachyceron kotejai	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Snipe Fly, member of the family Rhagionidae inside Diptera.
Palaeobrachyceron[80]	Palaeobrachyceron willmanni	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Snipe Fly, member of the family Rhagionidae inside Diptera.
Antefungivora[80]	Antefungivora germanica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Fly, type member of the family Antefungivoridae inside Diptera.
Archibio[80]	Archibio mycetophilinus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Antefungivoridae inside Diptera.
Pleciofungivora[80]	Pleciofungivora liassica	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Pleciofungivoridae inside Diptera.
Archirhyphus[80]	Archirhyphus geinitzi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Protorhyphidae inside Diptera
Protorhyphus[77]	Protorhyphus simplex	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, type member of the family Protorhyphidae inside Diptera
Protobrachyceron[86]	Protobrachyceron liasinum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Protobrachyceridae inside Diptera
Heterorhyphus[80]	Heterorhyphus triangularis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, type member of the family Heterorhyphidae inside Diptera
Eoditomyia[80]	Eoditomyia primitiva	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Eoditomyidae inside Diptera
Archipleciomima[80]	Archipleciomima sp. Archipleciomima germanica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Fly, Incertade sedis inside Diptera
Protoplecia[80]	Protoplecia klafacki Protoplecia liasina	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Fly, member of the family Protopleciidae inside Diptera.
Mailotrichocera[87]	Mailotrichocera mikereichi Mailotrichocera variabilis Mailotrichocera zessini	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Winter Crane Fly, member of the family Trichoceridae inside Diptera.
Nannotanyderus[88]	Nannotanyderus grimmenensis Nannotanyderus krzeminskii	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A primitive Crane Fly, member of the family Tanyderidae inside Diptera.
Praemacrochile[88]	Praemacrochile decipiens Praemacrochile dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A primitive Crane Fly, member of the family Tanyderidae inside Diptera.
Eoptychoptera[77][89]	Eoptychoptera simplex Eoptychoptera eximia	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Phantom crane fly, member of the family Ptychopteridae inside Diptera.
Eolimnobia[77][89]	Eolimnobia geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Phantom crane fly, member of the family Ptychopteridae inside Diptera.
Crenoptychoptera[87][89]	Crenoptychoptera dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Phantom crane fly, member of the family Ptychopteridae inside Diptera.
Tanypsycha[88]	Tanypsycha connexa	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Moth fly, member of the family Psychodidae inside Diptera.
Liassopsychodina[88]	Liassopsychodina pommerana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Moth fly, member of the family Psychodidae inside Diptera.
Mesorhyphus[86]	Mesorhyphus nanus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Wood Gnat, member of the family Anisopodidae inside Diptera.
Metatrichopteridium[90]	Metatrichopteridium confusum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A rare Fly, member of the family Hennigmatidae inside Diptera.
Orthophlebia[77]	Orthophlebia germanica Orthophlebia elongata Orthophlebia fuscipennis Orthophlebia limnophila Orthophlebia cf. limnophila Orthophlebia radialis Orthophlebia liadis Orthophlebia maculata Orthophlebia vicina Orthophlebia brunsvicensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Breslau Museum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A hangingfly, type member of the family Orthophlebiidae inside Mecoptera.
Mesopanorpa[77]	Mesopanorpa maculata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A hangingfly, type member of the family Orthophlebiidae inside Mecoptera.
Neorthophlebia[77]	Neorthophlebia maculipennis Neorthophlebia megapolitana Neorthophlebia pallida Neorthophlebia debilis Neorthophlebia simillima Neorthophlebia medialis Neorthophlebia stigmatica Neorthophlebia acutipennis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A hangingfly, member of the family Bittacidae inside Mecoptera.
Parabittacus[91]	Parabittacus analis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A hangingfly, member of the family Bittacidae inside Mecoptera.
Mesobittacus[77]	Mesobittacus minutus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A hangingfly, member of the family Bittacidae inside Mecoptera.
Pseudopolycentropus[74]	Pseudopolycentropus triangularis Pseudopolycentropus perlaeformis Pseudopolycentropus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A scorpionfly, type member of the family Pseudopolycentropodidae inside Mecoptera.
Mesochorista[74]	Mesochorista sinuata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Scorpionfly, member of the family Permochoristidae inside Mecoptera.
Liasocoris[92]	Liasocoris hainmuelleri	Schwinzer brickyard, near Goldberg	Specimens	A True bug, Incertade sedis inside Hemiptera.
Fulgoridium[80][77]	Fulgoridium egens Fulgoridium lapideum Fulgoridium dubium Fulgoridium latum Fulgoridium venosum Fulgoridium pallidum Fulgoridium geinitzi Fulgoridium spilographum Fulgoridium oligoneurum Fulgoridium regulare Fulgoridium graphipterum Fulgoridium inconspicuum Fulgoridium quadrisignatum Fulgoridium breviradiatum Fulgoridium modestum Fulgoridium anale Fulgoridium marginepunctatum Fulgoridium picturatum Fulgoridium anomalum Fulgoridium stigmaticum Fulgoridium punctatum Fulgoridium mortuum Fulgoridium alatum Fulgoridium nodosum Fulgoridium megapolitanum Fulgoridium pulchrum Fulgoridium remotum Fulgoridium multivenosum Fulgoridium debile Fulgoridium trifurcatum Fulgoridium litorale Fulgoridium parvispilum Fulgoridium retractum Fulgoridium polyneurum Fulgoridium oligospilum Fulgoridium nubeculum Fulgoridium obtusum Fulgoridium grave Fulgoridium fenestratum Fulgoridium breve Fulgoridium dilutum Fulgoridium multipunctatum Fulgoridium ampliatum Fulgoridium clavatum Fulgoridium nebulosum Fulgoridium vicinum Fulgoridium curvipenne Fulgoridium elegantulum Fulgoridium defunctum Fulgoridium plicatum Fulgoridium exhumatum Fulgoridium angulosum Fulgoridium acutum Fulgoridium rotundatum Fulgoridium ancylla Fulgoridium bifurcatum Fulgoridium inaequale Fulgoridium brachyptilum Fulgoridium intercalatum Fulgoridium balticum	Grimmen (EMAU collection) Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Breslau Museum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Planthopper, the type genus of the family Fulgoridiidae inside Hemiptera. The colossal abundance of the genus maybe it's related to a preference for seashore habitats. Some specimens are indentinguible, making possible some species synonymous.
Metafulgoridium[77]	Metafulgoridium spilotum Metafulgoridium ampliatum Metafulgoridium graptum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Planthopper, member of the family Fulgoridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Margaroptilon[77]	Margaroptilon germanicum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Planthopper, member of the family Fulgoridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Cixiites[77]	Cixiites liasinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Planthopper, member of the family Fulgoridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Procercopis[77]	Procercopis alutacea Procercopis coriacea Procercopis liasina Procercopis similis Procercopis jurassica	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Froghopper, type member of the family Procercopidae inside Hemiptera.
Liadopsylla[93]	Liadopsylla geinitzi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A jumping plant louse, member of the family Liadopsyllidae inside Hemiptera.
Hadrocoris[86]	Hadrocoris scutellaris	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Hadrocoridae inside Hemiptera.
Acromocoris[94]	Acromocoris similis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A water boatman, member of the family Corixidae inside Hemiptera.
Progonocimex[86]	Progonocimex jurassicus Progonocimex liasinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Moss bug, type member of the family Progonocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Eocercopis[77]	Eocercopis ancyloptera Eocercopis similis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Moss bug, member of the family Progonocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Archicercopis[77]	Archicercopis falcatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Moss bug, member of the family Progonocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Probascanion[94][77]	Probascanion megacephalum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Specimens	A Coleorrhynchan, member of the family Probascanionidae inside Hemiptera.
Archegocimex[74]	Archegocimex geinitzi Archegocimex primitiva Archegocimex liadis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A shore bug, member of the family Archegocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Progonocoris[86]	Progonocoris pictus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A shore bug, member of the family Archegocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Anosmus[77]	Anosmus spilopterus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A shore bug, member of the family Archegocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Diatillus[93]	Diatillus debilis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A shore bug, member of the family Archegocimicidae inside Hemiptera.
Pachymeridium[13]	Pachymeridium dubium	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Sisyrocoris[93]	Sisyrocoris rudis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Hypocimex[77]	Hypocimex membranaceus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Apsicoria[77]	Apsicoria semideleta	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Cathalus[77]	Cathalus alutaceus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Psychrocoris[86]	Psychrocoris cuneifera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Pachymeridiidae inside Hemiptera.
Cuneocoris[86]	Cuneocoris geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A true Bug, member of the family Cuneocoridae inside Hemiptera.
Apopnus[93]	Apopnus magniclavus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A creeping water bug, member of the family Naucoridae inside Hemiptera.
Aphlebocoris[74]	Aphlebocoris punctata Aphlebocoris nana	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A creeping water bug, member of the family Naucoridae inside Hemiptera.
Archijassus[74][95]	Archijassus heeri	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A leafhopper, type member of the family Archijassidae inside Hemiptera.
Mesoledra[74][95]	Mesoledra pachyneura	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin (Naturkundemuseum Coll.) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A leafhopper, type member of the family Archijassidae inside Hemiptera.
Ardela[80][95]	Ardela grimmenensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A leafhopper, member of the family Archijassidae inside Hemiptera.
Liassocercopis[80][95]	Liassocercopis schnicki	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A cicadomorphan, member of the family Hylicellidae inside Hemiptera.
Toarcopsyllidium[80][95]	Toarcopsyllidium ernsti	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Sternorrhynchan, member of the family Protopsyllidiidae inside Hemiptera.
Archiconiopteryx[96]	Archiconiopteryx liasina	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Stemorrhynchan, type member of the family Archiconiopterygidae inside Hemiptera.
Aphidulum[80][95]	Aphidulum ciliatum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Sternorrhynchan, member of the family Protopsyllidiidae inside Hemiptera.
Grimmenaphis[80][95]	Grimmenaphis magnifica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	An aphid, member of the family Oviparosiphidae inside Hemiptera.
Liassochrysa[97]	Liassochrysa stigmatica	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Neuropteran of the family Mantispidae. It is the earliest know Chrysopid
Prohemerobius[98]	Prohemerobius prodromus Prohemerobius ovatus Prohemerobius anomalus Prohemerobius costalis Prohemerobius persimilis Prohemerobius geinitzi Prohemerobius liasinus Prohemerobius major Prohemerobius parvulus Prohemerobius geinitzianus Prohemerobius dilaroides Prohemerobius chryseus Prohemerobius latus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, type member of the family Prohemerobiidae inside Neuroptera.
Actinophlebia[98]	Actinophlebia megapolitana Actinophlebia aenea Actinophlebia parallela	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, type member of the family Prohemerobiidae inside Neuroptera.
Mesosmylina[99]	Mesosmylina falcifera	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A lance lacewing, member of the family Osmylidae inside Neuroptera.
Polyosmylus[80]	Polyosmylus excelsus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A lacewing, Incertade sedis inside Neuroptera.
Mesoleon[80]	Mesoleon dobbertinianus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, Incertade sedis inside Neuroptera.
Loxophleps[77][80]	Loxophleps costalis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, Incertade sedis inside Neuroptera.
Melaneimon[77][80]	Melaneimon dubium	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, Incertade sedis inside Neuroptera.
Melamnous[77]	Melamnous indistinctus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, Incertade sedis inside Neuroptera.
Dobbertinia[77]	Dobbertinia reticulata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	An alderfly, member of the family Sialidae inside Megaloptera.
Mesotrichopteridium[80]	Mesotrichopteridium intermedium	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Metarchitaulius[80]	Metarchitaulius longus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Parataulius[80]	Parataulius jurassicus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Nannotrichopteron[80]	Nannotrichopteron gracile	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Trichopteridium[80]	Trichopteridium gracile	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Necrotaulius[80]	Necrotaulius parvulus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, type member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Epididontus[80]	Epididontus geinitzianus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Archiptilia[80]	Archiptilia ovata	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Paratrichopteridium[80]	Paratrichopteridium efossum Paratrichopteridium costale	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Pararchitaulius[80]	Pararchitaulius ovalis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Palaeotaulius[80]	Palaeotaulius vicinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Pseudorthophlebia[80]	Pseudorthophlebia platyptera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A caddisfly, member of the family Necrotauliidae inside Trichoptera.
Liadotaulius[80]	Liadotaulius maior	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A finger-net caddisfly, member of the family Philopotamidae inside Trichoptera.
Solenoptilon[77]	Solenoptilon kochi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, type member of the Family Solenoptilidae inside Neuroptera.
Epigambria[77]	Epigambria longipennis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A lacewing, member of the Family Epigambriidae inside Neuroptera.
Apeirophlebia[77]	Apeirophlebia grandis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A silky lacewing, member of the Family Psychopsidae inside Neuroptera. An unexpected giant Silky lacewing, with a size up to 7 cm.
Magnasupplephlebia[100][101]	Magnasupplephlebia kallweita Magnasupplephlebia intercalaria	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata. Very large dragonfly, with a wingspan of 13 cm
Liadothemis[77]	Liadothemis hydrodictyon Liadothemis major Liadothemis geinitzi Liadothemis insignis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Petrothemis[77]	Petrothemis singularis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Parelthothemis[77]	Parelthothemis dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Anomothemis[77]	Anomothemis brevistigma	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Rhabdothemis[77]	Rhabdothemis strigivena	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Temnostigma[77]	Temnostigma singulare	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Pycnothemis[77]	Pycnothemis densa	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, Incertade sedis inside Odonata.
Archithemis[77]	Archithemis brodiei	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Archithemistidae inside Odonata.
Heterothemis[102]	Heterothemis brodiei	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection) Boulder from Ahrensburg	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Liassogomphidae inside Odonata.
Anisozygopteron[77]	Anisozygopteron geinitzianum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Myopophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Selenothemis[77]	Selenothemis liadis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, type member of the family Selenothemistidae inside Odonata.
Dialothemis[103]	Dialothemis dubia	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Selenothemistidae inside Odonata.
Eosagrion[86]	Eosagrion risi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Eosagrionidae inside Odonata.
Turanopteron[80]	Turanopteron pommerana	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Asiopteridae inside Odonata. "Sphenophlebia pommerana" is a junior synonym.
Grimmenopteron[80]	Grimmenopteron elegantulum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Liassophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Trigonophlebia[80]	Trigonophlebia zessini	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Heterophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Heterophlebia[80]	Heterophlebia buckmani	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Dragonfly, member of the family Heterophlebiidae inside Odonata.
Grimmaratavites[104]	Grimmaratavites mirabilis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Wood Wasp, member of the family Karatavitidae inside Hymenoptera.
Liadobracona[105]	Liadobracona raduhna	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A Wasp, member of the family Ephialtitidae inside Hymenoptera.
Brigittepterus[105][106]	Brigittepterus brauckmanni	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Wasp, member of the family Ephialtitidae inside Hymenoptera.
Xyelula[105][106]	Xyelula benderi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll)	Specimens	A stem Sawfly, member of the family Sepulcidae inside Hymenoptera.
Mesoblattina[107]	Mesoblattina protypa	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, type member of the family Mesoblattinidae inside Blattodea.
Caloblattina[107][108]	Caloblattina mathildae	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, type member of the family Caloblattinidae inside Blattodea.
Liadoblattina[107][109]	Liadoblattina blakei	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, type member of the family Raphidiomimidae inside Blattodea.
Eublattula[77][107]	Eublattula crassivena	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Cockroach, member of the family Blattulidae inside Dicondylia.
Blattula[102][107]	Blattula langfeldti Blattula dubia	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection) Boulder from Ahrensburg	Specimens	A Cockroach, type member of the family Blattulidae inside Dicondylia. Member of an extinct cockroach-like family which was widely distributed around the world and lasted from Late Triassic to Cretaceous.
Dicronemoura[80]	Dicronemoura furcata	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A stonefly, member of the family Perlariopseidae inside Plecoptera.
Liassopsocus[80]	Liassopsocus lanceolatus	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Paraneopteran, member of the family Psocidiidae inside Permopsocida.
Archipsylla[80]	Archipsylla primitiva	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Paraneopteran, member of the family Archipsyllidae inside Permopsocida.
Undacypha[80]	Undacypha europaea	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	A Primitive Winged insect, Dicondylian of uncertain Placement.
Liadoptilia[80]	Liadoptilia misera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Primitive Winged insect, Dicondylian of uncertain Placement.
Trichorthophlebia[80]	Trichorthophlebia pilifera	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Primitive Winged insect, Dicondylian of uncertain placement.
Obotritagrion[80]	Obotritagrion tenuiformum Obotritagrion petersi	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection)	Specimens	A Primitive Winged Insect, member of the family Protomyrmeleontidae inside Dicondylia.
Protomyrmeleon[80]	Protomyrmeleon brunonis Protomyrmeleon quadriordinum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Zessin collection) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Ansorge coll) Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Primitive Winged Insect, member of the family Protomyrmeleontidae inside Dicondylia. "Zirzipanagrion quadriordinum" is a junior synonym.
Parnidium[74]	Parnidium frechi Parnidium geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Polypamon[110]	Polypamon byrrhoides	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Bathygerus[110]	Bathygerus bellus Bathygerus divergens	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Plastonebria[110]	Plastonebria scudderi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Plastobuprestites[110]	Plastobuprestites elegans	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Nannoodes[110]	Nannoodes pseudocistela	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Pseudocyphon[110]	Pseudocyphon geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Keleusticus[110]	Keleusticus zirkeli	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Allognosis[110]	Allognosis nitens	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Enamma[110]	Enamma striatum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Pseudoprionites[110]	Pseudoprionites liasinus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Nebrioides[110]	Nebrioides dobbertinensis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Paracurculium[110]	Paracurculium punctatum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Apioderes[110]	Apioderes punctatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Bareus[110]	Bareus strigipennis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Anypostatus[110]	Anypostatus taurus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Periboloptera[110]	Periboloptera rotunda	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Clinomerus[110]	Clinomerus laticollis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Anomerus[110]	Anomerus punctifer	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Masselytron[110]	Masselytron quinquestriatum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Oxytoroptera[110]	Oxytoroptera mediocris	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Ecthlimma[77]	Ecthlimma forficuloides	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Onkedodimus[77]	Onkedodimus discicollis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Apsychus[77]	Apsychus alutaceus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Gyrinulopsis[77]	Gyrinulopsis nanu	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Anancaeon[77]	Anancaeon microcephalum	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, Incertade sedis inside Coleoptera.
Hydrobiites[77]	Hydrobiites dobbertinensis Hydrobiites punctatostriatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (NHMW collection)	Specimens	A Beetle, member of the family Permosynidae inside Coleoptera.
Thoracotes[74]	Thoracotes dubius	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A bark gnawing beetle, member of the family Trogossitidae inside Coleoptera.
Eurynucha[74]	Eurynucha pseudobuprestis	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A jewel beetle, member of the family Buprestidae inside Coleoptera.
Coptogyrinus[74]	Coptogyrinus scutellatus	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A whirligig beetle, member of the family Gyrinidae inside Coleoptera.
Carabites[74]	Carabites dubius Carabites geinitzi	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A ground beetle, member of the family Carabidae inside Coleoptera.
Nele[80]	Nele jurassica	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Specimens	An ice crawler, member of the family Bajanzhargalanidae inside Grylloblattodea. One of the main Floor insects found.
Prosepididontus[80]	Prosepididontus calopteryx	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A winged insect, member of the family Geinitziidae inside Reculida.
Geinitzia[80]	Geinitzia schlieffeni Geinitzia debilis Geinitzia minor	Dobbertin, Mecklenburg (Greifswald collection)	Specimens	A winged insect, member of the family Geinitziidae inside Reculida.

Vertebrates

Actinopteri

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Teleostei[4][5]	Teleostei "Type A" Teleostei "Type B" Teleostei "Type C" Teleostei "Type D Teleostei "Type E"	Boroszów Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice Pomerania	Teeth Scales Possible fragment of operculum Possible Fin spines Inconclusive remains	Freshwater/Brackish/Marine Osteichthyes, incertade sedis inside Teleostei. Inconclusive remains of fish (mostly teeth) are found mostly on Częstochowa-Wieluń region. The Remains of fish are rather rare on the Polish Realm of the Formation, and found related with the Silesian coast, where embayments and lagoons were formed. The remains were not compared. The lack of typical marine fauna indicates that the Toarcian sea transgression did not cause the development of normal-marine conditions in the Polish Basin. "Type A" and "Type B" includes fragmentary remains that resemble the genera Dapedium and andya, with rounded teeth. "Type C" is more similar to the genus Ptycholepis. Finally, "Type D" & "Type E" resemble the Amiiformes and Osteoglossiformes.
Pteroniscus[1]	Pteroniscus sp.	Aleksandrów I Borehole	Teeth	A marine/brackish Osteichthyes, member of Palaeonisciformes inside Chondrostei. Fish tooth remains of this genus are found mostly in Kujawy (Aleksandrów I), along with marine foraminifers of the genus Haplophragmoides sp., which indicates a marine deposition. It represents a relict genus and resembles the Late Jurassic Pteroniscus turkestanensis
Saurorhynchus[111][112]	Saurorhynchus hauffi Saurorhynchus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin	Diganostic Incomplete skull Incomplete skull	A marine/brackish Osteichthyes, the youngest representative of the family Saurichthyidae inside Chondrostei. Distinctive for its large jaws, similar to modern Belonidae, it is a genus known from several locations across Europe on the Lower-Middle Jurassic.	Saurorhynchus
Saurichthys?[21]	Saurichthys sp	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Teeth	A Freshwater/brackish/marine Osteichthyes, type member of the family Saurichthyidae inside Chondrostei. This genus is known mostly from the late Triassic deposits on Europe, making its appearance on Toarcian strata superficially dubious. It can be a member of the genus Saurorhynchus, although this last one has never been found on Brackish-Prodeltaic Strata.	Saurichthys
Gyrosteus[113]	Gyrosteus mirabilis	Ahrensburg erratic assemblage	GPIH 4864, Hyomandibula	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the Chondrosteidae inside Acipenseriformes. This find, which probably originates from the western Baltic basin between Bornholm Island (Denmark) and northeastern Germany, markedly expands the known range of this chondrosteid taxon across the northern part of the strait connecting the Boreal Sea with the Tethys Ocean during the Early Jurassic.[113] The relatively small size of the hyomandibula compared to the largest English material (ca. 40% smaller) may be related to a younger ontogenetic stage of the individual.[113]	Gyrosteus
Grimmenichthys[114]	Grimmenichthys ansorgei Cf. Grimmenichthys ansorgei	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Articulated, but incompletely preserved specimen	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pholidophoriformes inside Teleostei. Found Exclusively on the Green Series, this genus was a small ‘pholidophoriform’ teleost. The total length remains unknown due to poor preservation, but probably does not exceed 100 mm.
Pholidophoriformes[32][114]	Pholidophoriformes indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Isolated skull roof with articulated ethmoid region, parasphenoid, and partial braincase	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pholidophoriformes inside Teleostei. Resmble Pholidophoroides crenulata and P. limbata.
Pholidophorus[115][32][116][112]	Pholidophorus sp.	Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[116]	5 Fishes, complete and Incomplete Assigned Fragmentary remains	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pholidophoriformes inside Teleostei.	Pholidophorus
Pachycormiformes[114]	Pachycormiformes indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Unknown, only cited.	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Pachycormiformes inside Teleostei. The first find of the group in the region.
Leptolepis[117][118][112]	Leptolepis coryphaenoides Leptolepis normandica Leptolepis jaegeri Leptolepis sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin clay pit Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[116]	Slightly disarticulated, incomplete head; Subadult, almost complete; fragmentary head; isolated head with pectoral girdle; incomplete head	A marine Osteichthyes, type member of the family Leptolepidae inside Teleostei.	Leptolepis
Leptolepidae[117]	Indeterminate	Former clay pit of Dobbertin	Isolated head with missing postcranial bones Assigned Teeth	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Leptolepidae inside Teleostei.
Proleptolepis[117][112]	Proleptolepis sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	MV 202612, fragmentary head .[117] Assigned Teeth	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Leptolepidae inside Teleostei. Proleptolepis in the lower Toarcian of Grimmen suggests that this genus might have had a much wider palaeobiogeographical and temporal distribution, since specimens attributed to Proleptolepis have previously been reported only from the Sinemurian of western Europe.
Tetragonolepis[112]	Tetragonolepis semicincta	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Incomplete specimen	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Semionotidae inside Semionotiformes. Dapedium and Tetragonolepis may have used alternative strategies in order to partition food resources efficiently and avoid direct competition.	Tetragonolepis
Lepidotes[119]	Lepidotes elvensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[116]	Various specimens	A marine Osteichthyes, member of the family Semionotidae inside Neopterygii. Stomach content is also preserved on a specimen from Dobbertin, and is composed by arthropod cuticles.[120]	Lepidotes
Grimmenodon[112][121]	Grimmenodon aureum	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Almost complete left prearticular with dentition	A marine Osteichthyes, Member of the family Pycnodontiformes inside Neopterygii. Is of comparatively small size, suggesting a hypothetical small standard length of the fish of about 7–10 cm at the time of death.[121] It is a taxon that shows clear adaptations to durophagy, inferring a predominant diet of especially hard food items.[121]
Dapedium[122][112]	Dapedium pholidotum	Dobbertin	Incomplete skull	A marine Osteichthyes, type member of the Dapediidae inside Neopterygii.[112]	Dapedium
Lepisosteidae[123][124]	Lepisosteidae Indeterminate	Grimmen	GG 439/4-7 scales	The oldest confirmed true Gar, member of the Lepisosteidae inside Lepisosteiformes. The oldest reliable lepisosteiform remains.	Lepisosteus extant example of Gar

Chondrichthyes

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Hybodus[112][21]	Hybodus hauffianus Hybodus sp.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Ahrensburg erratic assemblage[116] Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Fragmentary Fin spine Supposed coprolithes Teeth	A marine Shark, member of the Hybodontiformes. Related to Hybodus hauffianus and other genera from the south of Germany
Selachimorpha[4][5]	Selachimorpha Indeterminate	Boroszów Żuki Gorzków Choroń Bobolice Pomerania	Teeth Possible Dorsal Spine	Marine/Brackish/Freshwater Sharks, incertade sedis inside Selachimorpha. Related with the local marine Transgression, the fossils are recovered mostly from an embayment-derived environment. It superficially resembles some Hybodontiformes members (specially Acrodontidae). Together with the rather poor fauna recovered on the main part of the region, the transgression spread out over Mudflats and alluvial Floodplains, to which small amounts of sand were still sporadically supplied during stronger floods.

Sarcopterygii

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Ceratodus[21]	Ceratodus sp.	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 borehole	Isolated tooth plates	A freshwater Lungfish, type member of the Ceratodontidae inside Ceratodontiformes. Can be related with Polish Triassic genus Ceratodus silesiacus (Roemer, 1870), that has been known by several isolated tooth plates have been found in the lacustrine Triassic horizon of Krasiejów. Several Impressions of scales found in other Boreholes can belong also to Lugfish. The Tooth plates were found at +819 m depth on Pomerania, on a layer with gray-green mudstone, lenticular lamination and siderite concretions. The abundance of Megaspores indicate a Deltaic or Brackish Environment.	Ceratodus reconstruction

Ichthyosaurs

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Stenopterygius[125][112]	Stenopterygius cf. quadriscissus	Clay pit of Dobbertin	Posterior left half of the cranium.	An Icthyosaur of the family Stenopterygiidae inside Thunnosauria. A common Toarcian Ichthyosaur, present on multiple layers. The rather exquisite level of preservation has led to know even the coloration.	Restoration
Neoichthyosauria[126]	Neoichthyosauria indet.	Clay Pit of Dobbertin	Four articulated tail vertebrae.	An indeterminate ichthyosaur, has been assigned to the species Stenopterygius longifrons
Ophthalmosauridae[127][128][129]	Ophthalmosauridae indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Partial skull and associated postcranial elements preserved in a concretion	An indeterminate ichthyosaur. It has an expanded basipterygoid process on the basisphenoid, only currently known in members of the Ophthalmosauridae
Ichthyosauria[112]	Ichthyosauria indet.	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Presacral centrum 2 ?sacral centrum	An indeterminate ichthyosaur.
Temnodontosaurus?[130][131][132]	Temnodontosaurus cf. platyodon	Ahrensburg Erratic Boulders	Skull Coracoid Associated rib fragment	An Icthyosaur, type member of Temnodontosauridae inside Neoichthyosauria. Assigned to Ichthyosaurus sp., but also suggested affinities to "Leptopterygius" (= Temnodontosaurus) platyodon.	Restoration

Sauropterygia

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Plesiosauria[112][133]	Plesiosauria indeterminate A Plesiosauria indeterminate B Plesiosauria indeterminate C Cf. Plesiosauria indeterminate	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Dobbertin, falciferum zone	Three caudal vertebrae and other postcranial elements Gastralia Phalanx Cervical rib and other postcranial elements	A marine plesiosaur, member of the family Plesiosauria inside Sauropterygia. Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genera from the Posidonia Shale
Plesiosauroidea[112][133]	Plesiosauroidea indeterminate A Plesiosauroidea indeterminate B	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cervical centrum Caudal centrum	A marine plesiosaur, member of the family Plesiosauria inside Sauropterygia. Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genera from the Posidonia Shale
Microcleididae[133]	Microcleididae indeterminate	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Isolated tooth crown Isolated cervical vertebrae	A marine plesiosaur, member of the family Plesiosauridae inside Plesiosauroidea. Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genus Microcleidus or to Seeleyosaurus, both know from Toarcian strata.
Seeleyosaurus?[133]	Seeleyosaurus? sp.	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Three articulated dorsal vertebrae	A marine plesiosaur, member of the family Microcleididae inside Plesiosauroidea. Non assigned to a concrete genus, probably are related to the Plesiosaurian genus Microcleidus	Seeleysaurus
Meyerasaurus?[133]	Meyerasaurus sp.	Vierbergen near Ahrensburg	Incomplete coracoid Associated rib	A marine pliosauroid, member of the family Rhomaleosauridae inside Pliosauroidea. The genus is known from the Toarcian of southern Germany.	Meyerasaurus

Crocodyliformes

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Goniopholididae?[112]	Goniopholididae indeterminate	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Cervical vertebra	A freshwater Crocodrilian, member of the family Goniopholididae inside Neosuchia. Non assigned to a concrete genus, originally labeled as Mesoeucrocodylia indet. can be the earliest representative of the group on Europe. Is considered to come from an osteologically immature individual.
Thalattosuchia[112]	Thalattosuchia indet	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen Vierbergen near Ahrensburg	Partial rostrum with teeth	A marine Crocodrylomorph, member of the family Thalattosuchia inside Neosuchia. Probably related to Pelagosaurus. The tooth morphology and the internal rostral anatomy indicate that it can be positively referred to a longistrine thalattosuchian crocodyliform. The size of PLM uncatalogued, as compared to the corresponding portions of the rostra of other Toarcian thalattosuchians, is indicative of a juvenile individual.
Macrospondylus[134][112][135]	Macrospondylus bollensis	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Incomplete skull and associated osteoderm	A marine Crocodrylomorph, member of the family Machimosauridae inside Teleosauroidea. A marine crocodylomorph with a diet probably based on fish.[136] It was identified as Steneosaurus. Although highly incomplete, the preserved maximum antorbital width of about 50 mm demonstrates that GG 422/6 can be clearly referred to an immature individual.	Macrospondylus

Theropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Orionides?[137][138]	Orionides? Indeterminate	Forst Hagen gravel pit	Dorsal Vertebrae	A Saurischian, member of the family Orionides inside Tetanurae. The affinities of the Specimen aren't clear due to its fragmentary nature. Has been classified as Saurischia indeterminate, although shows clearly characters of the Orionides group (concave articular surfaces and a dished lateral pleurocoel, remnants of the neural arch and postzygapophyses).[137] The vertebrae centrum measures 80 mm, implying a medium-sized theropod (~5 m long).[137] Can be related with Yunyangosaurus.	Marshosaurus, example of basal Orionides

Sauropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Gravisauria[138][112][139][140]	Gravisauria Indeterminate[140]	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Iliac preacetabular process Distal right pubis Proximal left ischium Proximal right ischium	A Saurischian, member of the family Gravisauria inside Sauropoda. The specimen is believed to be a juvenile, based on the ossification and unfused spine. Has affinities with the genus Tazoudasaurus and it is clearly distinctive form the also Toarcian Ohmdenosaurus, who is thought to be more basal.[140] The pelvic girdle elements can be clearly placed among the Sauropoda, on account of the presence of an elongated and strongly dorsally expanded iliac preacetabular process a possible relative.[140] The ischia GG411/3-4 resemble those of Tazoudasaurus in exhibiting a subtriangular iliac peduncle which create a short anteriorly directed expansion to reach the medial acetabular rim, and are slightly less developed than the Genus Barapasaurus.[140]	Barapasaurus can be a close relative of the Grimmen Sauropod
Gravisauria[138][112][139][140]	Gravisauria Indeterminate[140]	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Single dorsal neural spine	A Saurischian, member of the family Gravisauria inside Sauropoda. The specimen is believed to be a juvenile (its comparatively small size is indicative of belonging to a not fully grown individual) and probably related to the Asian genus Zizhongosaurus, as shares characters with the neural spine V9067.1.[140] GG412 within Gravisauria is indicated by the presence of a well-developed spinodiapophyseal lamina.[140]

Thyreophora

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Emausaurus[141][142][112][139]	Emausaurus ernsti	Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen	Right side of the skull, the right lower jaw, caudal vertebrae, neural arches, a radius, a metatarsal, a claw, fragments of ribs, scutes and plates.[141]	An Ornithischian, basal member of Thyreophora inside Genasauria. Its juvenile status makes controversial its phylogeny, being considered a relative of the also Early Jurassic Genus Scelidosaurus.[141] The compacted pile of disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements of the basal thyreophoran Emausaurus has been suspected to be a Speiballen (i.e., a compacted mass of indigestible stomach contents) regurgitated by a large marine reptile.[141]	Emausaurus attacked by a theropod

Plantae

Coals

Evidence of wildfires increases in the upper part of the formation.

The Łęka Coal Basin has been known since 1800 for its abundant deposits; younger material has been suggested as redeposited from the Paleozoic, but the basin primarily yields a series of Pliensbachian-Toarcian coals.[143] In the Early Jurassic the Blanowice Formation was surrounded by land on the north, east and south, the source of sediment which was deposited as nearshore coal.[143][144] This coal is abundant in the upper part of the formation, dominated by alluvial and lacustrine sand and coal-bearing sediments.[145] Organic matter associated with the coal includes the oldest known biomolecules (in the Mrzygłód clay-pit), composed of labdanoic acid, ferruginol, sugiol and 7-oxototarol.[145] The extracted samples were recovered at the Wysoka Lelowska 47Ż and Jaworznik 124Ż boreholes; five core samples were taken from the Żarki 90Ż core, the latter from an approximately 1.5-metre (4 ft 11 in) coal seam.[145] The random reflectance (%Rr) of the coals is 0.47–0.56, indicating sub-bituminous coal.[145] The geochemical data suggest low-maturity sediments,[145] and hopane isomers are relatively high in all samples.[145] This is confirmed by unstable biomolecules in the coal samples, including labdanoic acid, ferruginol, sugiol, oxototarol, beta-sitosterol and cholesterol.[145]

The coals are generally dominated by vitrinite macerals, except for a high percentage of inertinite. This indicates wildfires or peat fires, confirmed by charcoal fragments.[145] Sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, common in conifers, angiosperms and bryophytes, were also recovered from the coal.[146] Vitrinite has a reflectance value of 0.49-0.56 %Ro. The cupressaceae and podocarpaceae families are considered the main peat-forming plant species, due to the presence of phenolic abietanes and dehydroabietic acids.[145] Lignite indicates significant benzohopane derivatives in the surrounding sandstones, probable differences in biodegradation, and a typically-low coalification range.[147] Later, larger studies note the influence of fires on the region.[148]

The Kaszewy coals, found in an approximately 150-metre (490 ft) section of terrestrial and marine siliciclastic sediments in the Kaszewy-1 and Niekłan PIG-1 boreholes, are the Ciechocinek Formation's major coals.[148] This section was in a nearshore-deltaic setting, with increased terrestrial and marine organic matter reflecting increased weathering and transport of terrestrial matter.[148] Abundant fossil charcoal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been found. The number of coarse fossil charcoal particles (larger than 125 micrometers) in the Pliensbachian-Toarcian sections of the Kaszewy-1 core is very low (0-15 particles/10 g sediment), and fine charcoal particles (<125 μm) are more abundant (~12,000–256,000 particles/10 g sediment); there are also more non-charcoal particles.[148] There are more fine charcoal particles at the beginning of the Toarcian, reflecting environmental changes. In the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the pyrolytics (benz-anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, phenanthrene and pyrene) were detected in a wide variety of samples; phenanthrene is the most abundant component and coronene the least, suggesting the burning of organic matter.[148] Petrogenics are more abundant on the coal samples than pyrolytics, suggesting low wildfire activity.[148] Although the Kaszewy-1 borehole did not indicate increased wildfire activity, the fine fossil-charcoal abundance and pyrolytic concentration indicate regional wildfires.[148] Pyrolytics indicating the increased wildfire activity match the beginning of the Toarcian anoxic event, with intervals of fewer wildfires.[148] Wildfire changes match the Lower Toarcian negative carbon-isotopes emissions measured on the, which probably promoted a rise in atmospheric oxygen. Some questions remain; the climate was warmer and wetter (which can suppress wildfire activity), and wildfires persisted in the Kazewy-1 borehole wildfire activity was successfully sustained.[148] Wildfires may have subsided due to a lack of suitable fuel.[148]

Chlorophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Annulina[1]	Annulina metensis	Mechowo 1 borehole	Cysts	A marine Green Algae, member of the family Cladophoraceae inside Ulvophyceae. A genus found related with a high diversity of marine Foranimifers, and mostly linked with the pomeranian deposits. It was the only identified Algae, and its fossils were confused with calcareous Foranimifer cunchs.	Extant Chaetomorpha, the typical example of the Cladophoraceae. Annulina probably come from a similar Green Algae, tougth it may have also come from microscopic specimens

Megaspores

Polish Lower Toarcian palynology is assigned to the Paxillitriletes phyllicus (Ph) level (Isoetales), due to the abundance of this genus.[149] The lower part of the Toarcian level has numerous occurrences of this species, sometimes before the genera Erlansonisporites sparassis (Selaginella-like) and Minerisporites volucris (Isoetaceae) in the Gorzów Wlkp. IG 1 borehole.[149] The upper part contains less of the genus.[149] The most common species found on Poland in this era include Erlansonisporites sparassis, E. excavatus, Minerisporites volucris and Biharisporites scaber (Lycopodiopsida); Aneuletes potera and Trileites murrayi (both Selaginella) are found on the upper levels.[149] The Toarcian disturbance of the carbon cycle recorded on the Ciechocinek Formation, coincides roughly with the appearance of Paxillitriletes phyllicus. The type of dominant palynomorphs recovered changed from pollen grains during the Upper Pliensbachian to megaspores, indicating a climatic change from moderate and relatively dry to warm and humid in the early Toarcian.[149] This shift in local climate correlates with a global maritime transgression in which volcanism in the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous provinces raised the global temperature and disrupted the carbon cycle, creating a major greenhouse effect.[149] The prevalence of megaspore Paxillitriletes phyllicus correlate with warmth and humidity; the flora, dominated by the family Isoetaceae, requires standing water to reproduce.[149] The megaespore Paxillitriletes phyllicus then drops significantly, indicating a return to a more moderate climate during sedimentation of the younger Borucice Formation.[149]

Bryophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Rogalskaisporites[12][150]	Rogalskaisporites cicatricosus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Sphagnopsida inside Sphagnales. Spores nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern moss genus Sphagnum. Moss related to high humid environments.	Extant Sphagnum, the typical example of the Sphagnales. Rogalskaiporites probably come from a similar Plant
Cingulatisporites[151]	Cingulatisporites floridus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Anthocerotaceae ( specially Phaeoceros, Megaceros) inside Bryophyta. Moss spores from humid settings	Extant Phaeoceros, whose spores are similar to the extinct Cingulatisporites
Cirratriradites[151]	Cirratriradites punctatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Anthocerotaceae inside Bryophyta. Moss spores from humid settings	Extant Anthoceros, the typical example of the Anthocerotaceae. Cirratriradites probably come from a similar Plant

Lycophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Bacutriletes[152][153]	Bacutriletes spicatus Bacutriletes clavatus	Helenow Beds Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. A relative abundant genus, specially on deltaic deposits. Low herbaceous Lycophyte flora.	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycophyta. Bacutriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Acanthotriletes[154]	Acanthotriletes levidensis Acanthotriletes minor Acanthotriletes osmundiformis Acanthotriletes rarispinosus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. These spores, rather abundant are correlated with humid settings, and come from mostly herbaceous-arbustive plants.	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycophyta. Acanthotriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Hughesisporites[154][24]	Hughesisporites pustulatus Hughesisporites stillarus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Spores from low herbaceous flora, linked mostly to humid environments with abundant freshwater.	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycophyta. Hughesisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Eehitriletes[152][153][155][156][157]	Eehitriletes hispidus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Low herbaceous flora from humid envrironments	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycophyta. Eehitriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Thuringiasporites[152][153][155][156][157]	Thuringiasporites laevigatus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole	Spores	Affinities with Lycophyta inside Tracheophyta. Rather rare than other similar genera, found mostly on deltaic facies.	Extant Austrolycopodium, typical example of Lycophyta. Thuringiasporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Trachytriletes[154][158]	Trachytriletes dichotomus Trachytriletes filiciformis Trachytriletes lineatus Trachytriletes rugosus	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Represents herbaceous Lycophytes of small to medium size (10–40 cm), that are found mostly on deltaic deposits.	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycopodiaceae. Trachytriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Raistrickia[154][158]	Raistrickia retica	Brody-Lubienia borehole. Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida.	Extant Diphasiastrum, typical example of Lycopodiaceae. Raistrickia probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Lycopodiumsporites[154][158]	Lycopodiumsporites gristhorpensis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Resemble spores of the modern genus Lycopodium. If it belongs to a similar genus, represent low herbaceous flora spores.	Extant Lycopodium, typical example of Lycopodiaceae. Lycopodiumsporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Reticulatisporites[154][158]	Reticulatisporites triangulus Reticulatisporites flavus Reticulatisporites pallidus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopodiopsida. Resembles the modern genera Lycopodiella and Huperzia, characteristic small to medium (20–90 cm) herbaceous Lycopites, found on environments with abundant water.	Extant Huperzia, typical example of Lycopodiaceae. Reticulatisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Biharisporites[152][153][155][156][157]	Biharisporites scaber Biharisporites scabrus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Lycopodiopsida inside Lycophyta. Lycophyte spores of rather uncertain affinities, are more common on fluvial deposits.	Extant Huperzia, typical example of Lycopodiaceae. Biharisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Paxillitriletes[158][159]	Paxillitriletes phyllicus	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 Borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Brody-Lubienia borehole	Spores	Affinities with the Isoetales inside Lycophyta. Spores related to modern Isoetes, representing Small plants related to water bodies.[160] It comprises the main Megaspore zonation of the Toarcian of Poland, being the most abundant spore found on the Ciechocinek Formation, and the genus that marks the start of the strata. The Abundance of this genus along with Minerisporites institus points to very humid conditions during almost the entire T-OAE, upwards from CIE step 2 of the carbon isotope curves.	Extant Isoetes, typical example of Isoetales. Paxillitriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Minerisporites[159][24][158]	Minerisporites institus Minerisporites volucris Minerisporites richardsoni[152]	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Isoetaceae inside Lycopsida. Related to plant similar to Isoetes lacustris, present on flooded basins, and other ecosystems with relative abundant water supply.[161] Minerisporites institus is the second most abundant genus of spore found on the Ciechocinek Formation.	Extant Isoetes, typical example of Isoetales. Minerisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Echitriletes[162][155]	Echitriletes hispidus Echitriletes sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Isoetaceae inside Lycopsida.	Extant Isoetes, typical example of Isoetales. Echitriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Erlansonisporites[159][24][158][152]	Erlansonisporites sparassis Erlansonisporites excavatus Erlansonisporites retieulatus Erlansonisporites sparassis Erlansonisporites reticulatus Erlansonisporites tegimentus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the genus Selaginella inside Selaginellaceae. Herbaceous Moss.[163] Relatively abundant Pollen Genera	Extant Selaginella. Erlansonisporites spores are similar to the ones on this genus
Aneuletes[152][153][155][156][157]	Aneuletes patera	Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. A genus more common on younger strata, relatively more abundant than similar genera, found mostly on deltaic facies.	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Aneuletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Horstisporites[152][158]	Horstisporites areolatus Horstisporites planatus Horstisporites puteus Horstisporites foveatus Horstisporites pustulatus Horstisporites reticulatus Horstisporites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Less abundant than othe Lycophite Spores, its abundance increases near Deltaic deposits.	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Horstisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Hymenozonotriletes[152][158]	Hymenozonotriletes platychilus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida.	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Hymenozonotriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Trileites[152][158][24][155]	Trileites turbanaeformis Trileites ales Trileites mesozoicus Trileites murray Trileites calvus Trileites candoris Trileites pyramidalis Trileites solitus Trileites usitatus Trileites pinguis Trileites utilis Trileites aerolatus Trileites phyllicus Trileites reticulatus Trileites usitatus Trileites sp.1 sp. nov. Trileites sp.2 sp. nov. Trileites sp.3 sp. nov. Trileites sp.4 sp. nov. Trileites sp.5 sp. nov. Trileites sp.6 sp. nov.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. The most diverse palynological residue on the formation, the 3rd most abundant genera of Spore present on the Formation and one of the most abundant on the south of Fennoscandia	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Trileites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Triletes[152][158][24][155]	Triletes reticulatus Triletes datura Triletes litchi Triletes phyllicus Triletes retiarius Triletes richardsoni Triletes sparassis Triletes utilis Triletes wicheri	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Among the most abundant genera of Pollen present on the Formation and the south of Fennoscandia	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Triletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Lagenicula[152][158][24][155]	Lagenicula agnina	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Among the most abundant genera of Pollen present on the Formation and the south of Fennoscandia	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Lagenicula probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Valvisisporites[155][158]	Valvisisporites auritus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. This herbaceous Lycophyte flora appears more on the southern boreholes, linked to large wood debris. Resemble extant Selaginella erthropus	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Valvisisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Maexisporites[155][158]	Maexisporites planatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Herbaceous flora spores linked to deltaic facies. Resemble extant Selaginella erthropus	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Maexisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Striatriletes[155][158]	Striatriletes reticulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Resemble extant Selaginella erthropus	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Striatriletes probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Foveosporites[158][154]	Foveosporites canalis Foveosporites ovatus Foveosporites cavernatus Foveosporites polymicroforatus Foveosporites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Selaginellaceae inside Lycopsida. Less abundant than other similar spores, found on a few samples on all the boreholes. Altrougth is quite diverse.	Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae. Foveosporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Nathorstisporites[152][153][155]	Nathorstisporites hopliticus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Pleuromeiales inside Lycophyta. The Plueromeiales were tall Lycophites (2 to 6 m) common on the Trassic. Probably come from a relict genus.	Reconstruction of the extinct genus Pleuromeia, typical example of Pleuromeiales. Nathorstisporites probably come from a similar or a related Plant
Margaritatisporites[151]	Margaritatisporites regalis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Pleuromeiales inside Lycophyta.
Bacutriletes[151]	Bacutriletes clavatus Bacutriletes hamatus Bacutriletes tylotus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Pleuromeiales inside Lycophyta.
Crassispora[151]	Crassispora spongius	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Sigillariaceae inside Lycophyta. Arboreal Lycopites

Equisetidae

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asterocalamotriletes[151]	Asterocalamotriletes glabratus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Asterocalamitopsida inside Equisetopsida. Is related with the Palaeozoic horsetails Asterocalamites and Stigmatocanna. Tall Horsetails of up to 4 m.
Equisetum[151]	Equisetum sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Equisetopsida inside Equisetopsida. Typical Horsetail Spores.	Extant Equisetum, the typical example of the Equisetopsida. The "Equisetum Spores" are pretty similar to the extant ones found on this genus
Florinisporites[151]	Florinisporites ovatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Equisetopsida inside Equisetopsida. Found only on Poland.	Extant Equisetum cone, the typical example of the Equisetopsida. Florinisporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones
Irrimales[151]	Irrimales laevis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Equisetopsida inside Equisetopsida. Found only on Poland.	Extant Equisetum cone, the typical example of the Equisetopsida. Irrimales spores are pretty similar to the extant ones

Gymnospermopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Perinopollenites[154][158]	Perinopollenites elatoides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Gymnospermopsida inside Tracheophyta. Pollen that resemble those of paleozoic genera such as Gangamopteris, with arboreal built.
Zonalapollenites[154][158]	Zonalapollenites aporosus Zonalapollenites dampieri Zonalapollenites segmentatus Zonalapollenites trilobatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Gymnospermopsida inside Tracheophyta. Pollen that resemble those of paleozoic genera such as Gangamopteris, with arboreal built.
Patinasporites[154][158]	Patinasporites toralisides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Gymnospermopsida inside Tracheophyta. Pollen that resemble those of paleozoic genera such as Gangamopteris, with arboreal built.

Filicopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Corrugatisporites[152][153][155][156][157]	Corrugatisporites amplectiformis Corrugatisporites scanicus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Filicopsida inside Monilophyta. Fern spores of uncertain placement
Triancoraesporites[152][153][155][156][157]	Triancoraesporites communis Triancoraesporites reticulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Filicopsida inside Monilophyta. Fern spores of uncertain placement
Ischyosporites[152][153][155][156][157]	Ischyosporites variegatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Polypodiidae inside Filicopsida. Fern spores of uncertain placement.
Leiotriletes[152][153][155][156][157]	Leiotriletes mecklenburgensis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Polypodiidae inside Filicopsida. Fern spores of uncertain placement
Klukisporites[154][158]	Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus Klukisporites variegatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Represents large spores from herbaceous ferns, that are more abundant on the south of the Toarcian polish basin than on the north.	Extant Schizaea, typical example of the Schizaeaceae. Klukisporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Carnisporites[152][153][155][156][157]	Carnisporites granulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Cynepteridaceae inside Schizaeaceae. Related to Ferns similar to Cynepteris, from the late triassic of North America.
Reticulatisporites[150][158]	Reticulatisporites arcuatus Reticulatisporites ornatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with Lygodiaceae inside Schizaeales. Spores nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern moss genus Lygodium. Arboreal moss related to high humid environments, being major fuel for peat fires.	Extant Lygodium, typical example of the Lygodiaceae. Reticulatisporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Asplenium[151]	Asplenium sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Aspleniaceae inside Filicopsida.	Extant Asplenium, typical example of the Aspleniaceae
Laevigatosporites[151]	Laevigatosporites laevis Laevigatosporites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Blechnaceae inside Filicopsida.	Extant Sadleria, typical example of the Blechnaceae. Laevigatosporites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Dennstaedtiites[151]	Dennstaedtiites confragosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Dennstaedtiaceae inside Pteridophyta. Floor Herbaceous ferns, probably from covered forest areas.	Extant Pteridium aquilinum, typical example of the Dennstaedtiaceae. Dennstaedtiites spores are pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus
Onychium[151]	Onychium amplectiformis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Dennstaedtiaceae inside Pteridophyta.	Extant Onychium. Some local spores are similar to the ones found on this genus
Baculatisporites[151]	Baculatisporites fuscus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Osmundaceae (specially Osmunda and Leptopteris) or Hymenophyllaceae (specially Hymenophyllum cruentum) inside Pteridophyta.	Extant Hymenophyllum, typical example of the Hymenophyllaceae. Baculatisporites may have come from a similar genus. Alternatively it can be spores from an Osmundaceae fern
Todites[151]	Todites hartzi Todites undans Todites goeppertianus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Osmundaceae (specially Leptopteris) inside Pteridophyta. The most abundant Fern Spore found on all the Formation	Extant Leptopteris, typical example of the Osmundaceae. Todites may have come from a similar genus
Osmundacidites[12][158]	Osmundacidites wellmanii	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Osmundaceae inside Pteridophyta. Spores nearly identical to that one found associated with the modern fern genus Osmunda. Members of the genus Osmunda have been found on coeval age strata on Sweden.	Extant Osmunda, typical example of the Osmundaceae. Osmundacidites may have come from a similar genus
Crybelosporites[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Crybelosporites stylosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Marsileaceae inside Salviniales. Represents spore from fully acuatic ferns, found associated with fluvial or deltaic deposits, where probably formed large underwater colonies.	Extant Marsilea, typical example of the Marsileaceae. Crybelosporites may have come from a similar genus
Gleicheniidites[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Gleicheniidites carinatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Gleicheniaceae inside Polypodiidae. Resemble the modern Gleichenia Spores, and proably represent a similar genus or a member of it. Fern related to large colonies, found mostly on humid environments.	Extant Unidentified Gleicheniaceae. Gleicheniidites may have come from a similar genus
Marattisporites[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Marattisporites scabratus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Marattiaceae inside Polypodiidae. Resemble the modern Marattia spores, probably belonging to a similar genus, related with large sized herbaceous ferns of humid environments.	Extant Marattia, typical example of the Marattiaceae. Marattisporites may have come from a similar genus
Camptotriletes[154][158]	Camptotriletes labyrinthus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Marattiaceae inside Polypodiidae.	Extant Marattia, typical example of the Marattiaceae. Camptotriletes may have come from a similar genus
Matonisporites[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Matonisporites phlebopteroides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Spores	Affinities with the Matoniaceae inside Polypodiidae. The so-called comb-ferns, found forming large colonies on humid settings.	Extant Matonia, typical example of the Matoniaceae. Matonisporites may have come from a similar genus
Cyathidites[12][150][158]	Cyathidites minor	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Spores	Affinities with Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Cyathidites minor almost certainly belong to well known Mesozoic species Coniopteris hymenophylloides and to other fossil cyatheaceous or dicksoniaceous ferns such as Eboracia lobifolia and Dicksonia mariopteri.	Extant Cyathea, typical example of the Cyatheaceae. Cyathidites may have come from a similar genus

Cycadeoidophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Bennettitinae[151]	Bennettitinae forma i sp. nov. A Bennettitinae forma i sp. nov. B	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Bennettitinae the inside Bennettitales. Very abundant Pollen.
Psophosphaera[154][158]	Psophosphaera coniferoides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. Pollen identified originally coming from Pinaceae Conifers, was later proved to come from Bennetites.
Tricolpites[162][158]	Tricolpites troedssonii Tricolpites gorzowiensis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales.
Bennettistemon[152][153][155][156][157][151]	Bennettistemon bursigerum	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Williamsoniaceae the inside Bennettitales. Very abundant Pollen.	Reconstruction of Williamsonia, typical example of the Williamsoniaceae. Bennetistemon Pollen is considered to come from a similar genus
Chasmatosporites[12][150][158]	Chasmatosporites apertus Chasmatosporites major	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Named originally Pollenites apertus, they resemble pollen grains of the genus Cycas. Later works refer them to modern pollen grains that proper of wrote that resemble ?Cycadopsida (?Cycadales). Alternatively, can be Pollen from members of Ginkgopsida (?Gnetales).[164]	Extant Encephalartos, typical example of the Cycas. Chasmatosporites Pollen is pretty similar to the extant ones of this genus. Alternatively, it maybe come from Ginkos or Gnetales

Gnetophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Clavatipollenites[154][158]	Clavatipollenites hughesii	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Gnetopsida and probably Gnetophyta. Has Been considered Pollen of Chloranthaceae. However, it is to old for belonging to advanced Angiosperms. It probably comes from cones related to the Genera Piroconites kuesperti from the Lowermost Jurassic of Germany, resembling pollen of extant Ephedra and Welwitschia.	Closer Look of Ephedra cones, a common Gnetal. Clavatipollenites maybe come from a related plant
Ephedripites[151]	Ephedripites tortuosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Chlamydospermae inside Gnetales. Identified originally as Pollen coming from the extant Ginkgo biloba, was later found to be misidentified. It was latter foun that Aphlebia lautneri from the Hettangian of Franken (Germany) has microsporophylls covered on one surface with synangia consisting of three adnate pollen sacs, yielding Ephedripites pollen.[165]	Extant cones of Ephedra, example of the Gnetales. Ephedripites Pollen has been found on identical cones from relatives of this genus
Eucommiidites[158]	Eucommiidites troedssonii	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Type Pollen of the Erdtmanithecales, that can be related with the Gnetales. Thick tectum, infratectum of small granules, indistinct or absent foot layer. Originally was thought to come from Angiosperms, latter reports suggest it come from arbustive Bennetites.[166] It was recently found to come from Eucommiitheca, member of the enigmatic Erdtmanithecales, reinterpreted as an unusual gymnosperm grain with a single distal colpus flanked by two subsidiary lateral colps.[167] Is very similar to the Pollen of the extant Ephedra and Welwitschia (mainly on the granular structure of the exine).[168]

Coniferophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Pseudowalchia[154][158]	Pseudowalchia biangulina	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Voltziales inside Coniferae. Primitive Conifer and possible relict taxon
Walchiapites[154][158]	Walchiapites sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Voltziales inside Coniferae. Primitive Conifer and possible relict taxon
Paleoconiferus[154][158]	Paleoconiferus asaccatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Paleoconiferae inside Coniferae. Primitive Conifer and possible relict taxon
Protoabies[151]	Protoabies sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Protoconiferae inside Coniferae.
Abies[151]	Abies? sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Abietoideae inside Coniferae.	Extant Abies Cone, example of the Abietoideae. Some Pollen recovered on the Breholes of the formation is similar to the one found on this genus
Cerebropollenites[152][153][155][156][157]	Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Abietoideae inside Coniferae. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants, resembling the pollen of the modern genus Tsuga. The differences observed between Cerebropollenites and Tsuga are no greater than the differences observed between the pollen of the two Sections of Tsuga, Hesperopeuce and Micropeuce.	Extant Tsuga Cone, example of the Abietoideae. Cerebropollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Tsugapollenites[12][150][158]	Tsugapollenites macroserratus Tsugaepollenites macroverrucosus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Abietoideae inside Coniferae. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants, resembling the pollen of the modern genus Tsuga	Extant Tsuga Cone, example of the Abietoideae. Tsugaepollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus, hence the name
Inaperturopollenites[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Inaperturopollenites laevis Inaperturopollenites turbatus Inaperturopollenites elatoides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae.	Extant Pinus cembra Cone, example of the Pinidae. Inaperturopollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Ovalipollis[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Ovalipollis breviformis Ovalipollis ovalis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae.	Extant Pinus Cone, example of the Pinidae. Ovalipollis is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Rotundipollenites[154]	Rotundipollenites laevis Rotundipollenites lineatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae.	Extant Pinus Cone, example of the Pinidae. Rotundipollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Pityosporites[152][153][155][156][157][158]	Pityosporites haploxylon Pityosporites minimus Pityosporites alata Pityosporites alatipollenites Pityosporites silvestris	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae. Resemble modern Pinus Pollen, probably belonging to a similar Genus.	Extant Pinus Cone, example of the Pinidae. Pityosporites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Quadraeculina[150][158]	Quadraeculina anellaeformis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants, resembling the modern genus Picea	Extant Pinus Cone, example of the Pinidae. Quadraeculina is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Sciadopityspollenites[12][150][158]	Sciadopityspollenites serratus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Sciadopityaceae inside Coniferae. This pollen resembles the present on the modern Cupressaceae Sciadopitys	Extant Sciadopitys Cone, example of the Sciadopityaceae. Sciadopityspollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Pseudopodocarpus[152][153][155][156][157]	Pseudopodocarpus sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants	Extant Podocarpus Cone, example of the Podocarpaceae. Pseudopodocarpus is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Pristinuspollenites[12][150][158]	Pristinuspollenites sulcatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants. Pollen that resemble the Pollen of the extant genus Prumnopitys taxifolia	Extant Prumnopitys Cone, example of the Podocarpaceae. Pristinuspollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Classopollis[152][153][155][156][157]	Classopollis torosus Classopollis classoides	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferae. Is very abundant on hot and dry settings, found specially on the Brody-Lubienia Borehole.
Cupressacites[152][153][155][156][157]	Cupressacites minor Cupressacites subgranulatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Cupressaceae inside Coniferae. The Pollen from this genus is similar to the present on the modern Fitzroya and Calocedrus.	Extant Calocedrus Cone, example of the Cupressaceae. Cupressacites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Applanopsipollenites[152][153][155][156][157]	Applanopsipollenites dampieri Applanopsipollenites trilobatus Applanopsipollenites segmentatus	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Araucariaceae inside Coniferae. Resemble the pollen from the modern genus Agathis.	Extant Agathis Cone, example of the Araucariaceae. Applanopsipollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus
Agathis[151]	Agathis ovata Agathis sp.	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds	Pollen	Affinities with the Araucariaceae inside Coniferae. Resemble the pollen from the modern genus Agathis.	Extant Agathis. Some Pollen recovered on the Boreholes is similar to the one found on this genus
Araucariacites[12][150][158]	Araucariacites australis	Ciechocinek 58 Borehole Gorzow Wielkopolski borehole Mechowo borehole Parkoszowice borehole Cerpol-Kozlowice Borehole Boroszów Borehole Helenow Beds Blanowice Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Araucariaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants	Extant Araucaria Cone, example of the Araucariaceae. Araucariacites is similar to the pollen found on this genus

Fossil wood

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Baieroxylon[11][33][57]	Baieroxylon cf. lindicianum	Kierszula coal Kozłowice Clay Pit Kaszewy-1 borehole Niekłan PIG-1 borehole Brody-Lubienia borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Wood Cuticles Wood fragments Woody organic matter Phytoclasts	Affinities with the family Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoopsida. It is scarce, and shows characters similar to the Baieroxylon specimens found on coevel strata from France and Germany. Represents wood from Arboreal Ginkgo-like plants. The upper part of the Carbon deck at Kierszula is characterized by large lignites, where it is thicker (0.9–4.6 cm) streaks or lenses often show clear structural features of wood on the surfaces perpendicular to the stratification.
Protocupressinoxylon[11][33][57]	Protocupressinoxylon sp. A Protocupressinoxylon sp. B Cf Protocupressinoxylon sp. Cf Protocupressinoxylon? sp.	Kierszula coal Kozłowice Clay Pit Kaszewy-1 borehole Niekłan PIG-1 borehole Brody-Lubienia borehole. Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole Mechowo Borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Wood Cuticles Wood fragments Woody organic matter Phytoclasts	Affinities with the family Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferales. Generally, the most abundant Genus of Wood recovered locally on the Formation. Most of the wood studied from the Lower Toarcian of Poland, recovered on the Gorzów Wielkopolski Borehole come from this genus, that has revelated the effect of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic event over the local wood, where the more humid local climate led this genus of wood to grow on restricted nearshore marine through to barrier-lagoon environments, hence the abundance of trunks.[33]
Simplicioxylon[11][33][57]	Simplicioxylon cf. hungaricum Simplicioxylon sp. Cf. Simplicioxylon sp.	Kierszula coal Kozłowice Clay Pit Kaszewy-1 borehole Niekłan PIG-1 borehole Brody-Lubienia borehole. Parkoszowice borehole	Wood Cuticles Wood fragments Woody organic matter Phytoclasts	Affinities with the family Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferales. It is locally the second most abundant genus of Wood, widespread across Europe on the Lower Jurassic.[33] Some Cuticles resemble the structure seen on the invalid species Brachyoxylon rotnaense (Syn. of Simplicioxylon), present on the Lower Liassic of Denmark. This genus is known from abundant Xylogic Material from Coeval deposits of Hungary.
Agathoxylon[11][33][57]	Agathoxylon sp. Cf. Agathoxylon sp.	Kierszula coal Kozłowice Clay Pit Kaszewy-1 borehole Niekłan PIG-1 borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Wood Cuticles Wood fragments Woody organic matter Phytoclasts	Affinities with the family Araucariaceae inside Coniferales. Represents the major type of Wood found on the Kierszula coals (up to 55%). This genus is also widely populated by different sorts of parasite fungus, specially on Wood cuticles found after the Toacian Anoxic event boundary.[11]
Xenoxylon[11][33][57][169]	Xenoxylon phyllocladoides Xenoxylon sp. Cf. Xenoxylon sp.	Kierszula coal Kozłowice Clay Pit Kaszewy-1 borehole Niekłan PIG-1 borehole Parkoszowice borehole	Wood Cuticles Wood fragments Woody organic matter Phytoclasts	Affinities with Coniferales, that can be a member of the extinct family Miroviaceae. Was found to be close to the Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae and in a lesser extent to the Cheirolepidiaceae. Xenoxylon co-occurred with Sciadopitys-like foliages in Siberia (Tritaenia and Sciadopityoides, typical Miroviaceae), and the type genus Mirovia szaferi is known from the Bathonian of Poland.[170] This genus is marker for a cold and/or humid climate, being probably the main reason is mainly absence on mostly of the Wood samples, being rather rare, as the Ciechocinek Formation deposited on Humid and Hot climate.[169]

Megaflora

The Lublin upland fluvial sandstones contain diverse fossil flora, associated genera and species with Lower Jurassic sediments. Carboniferous flora, similar to that of Jurassic formations, appeared in boreholes near the planned Bogdanka Coal Mine.[171] The age of the plant material was not determined until 2020, when it was identified as Lower Toarcian (with some Late Pliensbachian strata).[172] The Brody-Lubienia borehole is abundant in terrestrial palynomorphs and aquatic biomass.[172] The sediments from Brody-Lubienia have a more-terrestrial character, indicated by the frequent occurrence of plant roots and paleosol horizons;[172] moisture was probably fresh (not saline) water.[172] The environment was probably dry, developing flora near freshwater inflow from the east.[172]

The Lublin lias is dominated by cycads and Bennetites Ginkgoales. Ferns occur sporadically in the bottom of the Toarcian, where deposits are filled with coal, mudstone, sandstone and clay siderite (reworked from the Carboniferous) and pebbles from Devonian limestones.[173] Similar boreholes and nearby deposits indicate the end of a river which transported Devonian-Carboniferous deposits from the northeast to the aquatic inland environment.[173] Vegetation grew primarily outside the sedimentation area, on shores and in shallow water.[174]

Equisetopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Equisetites[175][176][177]	Equisetites gracilis Equisetites cf. beanii	Grimmen Clay Pit Dobbertin Clay Pit	Stems	Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetales. Equisetalean Stems, related that are also found on the Hettangian strata along Skane, Sweden. The washed Equisetalean stems are the most abundant flora recovered on the German Realm of the Formation.
Schizoneura[176][177][178]	Schizoneura kuhni Schizoneura sp.	Dobbertin Clay Pit Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Stems Cuticles	Affinities with Equisetales inside Equisetopsida. This genus is rather scarce compared with other coeval Equisetalean fossils
Neocalamites[178]	Neocalamites sp.	Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Cuticles	Affinities with Calamitaceae inside Equisetopsida. A common horsetail on the Liassic of Europe. .
Lobatannularia[176][177]	Lobatannularia sp.	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Leaf Whorls	Affinities with Equisetales inside Equisetopsida. Only a few fragmentary leaf whorl impressions of Equisetalean plants have been discovered, its description is nearly impossible as are not complete enough for a concrete diagnosis.

Selaginellaceae

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Selaginellites[179]	Selaginellites? "sp. 1"	Przysucha	Leafy Branch	Affinities with Selaginellaceae inside Selaginellales. A Fragmentary Specimen was recovered, but its status is rather controversial. It comes from a series of laminated Sandstone/Mudstone levels on the profil of Przysucha with numerous clusters of muscovite and cletrite and other charred plants, probably derived from a freshwater setting.

Pteridospermatophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Pachypteris[171][174][180]	Pachypteris lanceolata Pachypteris rhomboidalis	Lublin Coal Basin	Pinnae	Affinities with the Peltaspermales inside Pteridospermatophyta. Bipinnate leaves, rachis longitudinally striated, with a long petiole and secondary rachises inserted oppositely to suboppositely on the upper side of the primary rachis. This Leaves belong to large Aboreal Ferns related with dry environments.
Stenopteris[171][174][180]	Stenopteris (Rhaphidopteris?) duetschii	Lublin Coal Basin	Pinnae	Affinities with the Umkomasiaceae inside Pteridospermatophyta. Is very similar to Rhaphidopteris, characterized by usually bi-tripinnate, coriaceous leaves with narrow segments. It belongs to Large (up to 25 m tall) arboreal Fern-like plants.
Caytonia[171][180]	Caytonia sp	Lublin Coal Basin	Ovulate Structure	Affinities with the Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Represents the Ovulate organs or large Tree ferns, and is related with the middle Jurassic flora of United Kingdom.
Sagenopteris[174][180]	Sagenopteris sp	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Caytoniaceae inside Caytoniales. Sagenopteris is most likely the Pinnae of the Tree Fern that also contain Caytonia.

Bennettitopsida

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Anomozamites[174][180]	Anomozamites cf. gracilis	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. Anomozamites is characterised by slender, (almost) completely and regularly segmented leaves whose leaflets are generally as long as broad or, at maximum, two times as long as broad. This genus is related with more arboreal Bennetitalean flora. Shows coriaceous leaves and is a genus linked more with dry climates.
Otozamites[174][180]	Otozamites beani Otozamites graphicus	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. A more arbustive type of Bennetite, abundant on the Pliensbachian-Toarcian strata along Eurasia, related to rather dry climates.
Nilssoniopteris[171][174][180]	Nilssoniopteris major Nilssoniopteris vittata	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. This Bennetite has a leaf similar to Nilssonia, large, lanceolate in outline with coriaceous structure, like the modern angiosperm Philodendron. Is related with rather Dry-hot environments, with less Fern flora.
Nilssonia[171][174][180]	Nilssonia compta Nilssonia orientalis Nilssonia polymorpha Nilssonia sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. The most abundant plant macrofossil locally, and the most diverse found on the Lublin coals. It represents a Cycad Like plant with Coriaceous leaves. Is related by some botanists with the Bennetite branch that led to Angiosperms.
Weltrichia[171][180]	Weltrichia spectabilis	Lublin Coal Basin	Bennetite "Flower"	Affinities with the Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. The Bennetite flowers are the main organ that links this relatives with the Cycas with modern Angiosperms. Probably the Pollen assigned to Angiosperms come from plants with this "Flowers".
Pterophyllum[171][174][180]	Pterophyllum sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Pinnae	Affinities with the Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitopsida. Leaves from Arboreal Bennetites, similar to the modern Cyca Encephalartos woodii, with robust Trunks, built for Dry and hot climates.

Ginkgoidae

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Baiera[174][180]	Baiera digitata	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Leaves	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Linked to the Hettangian-Sinemurian flora from Greenland and Skane, but also with coeval flora from the Sorthat Formation. Is the main Tree flora recovered locally.
Ginkgoites[178]	Ginkgoites sp.	Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Cuticles	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Associated with relatively warmer and humid conditions.
Sphenobaiera[178]	Sphenobaiera cf.spectabilis	Kaszewy 1 Borehole	Cuticles	Affinities with the Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoidae. Associated with relatively warmer and humid conditions.

Coniferophyta

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Cycadocarpidium[176][177]	Cycadocarpidium redivivum	Dobbertin Clay Pit	Cone Scales	Affinities with the Cycadocarpidiaceae inside Pinales. The only non Equisetalean plant megafossil from the German realm, is represented by a few cone scales and related with the Lower Jurassic Flora of Scania. Ulmatolepis bears a striking resemblance to Cycadocarpidium, and correlates this flora with the Shasonggang of Jilin in the Northern Palaeofloristic Province of China.
Hirmeriella[174][180]	Hirmeriella sp.	Borehole L-95 near Łęczna (Lublin Coal Basin)	Ovuliferous cones	Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. The type Leave from the Cheirolepidaceae family (as Cheirolepis, the genus that give name to the family, is a junior synonym), appears to be linked with Hot climates, able to survive in dry, extreme conditions, and been fire tolerant.

Footnotes

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