Ptychoceratodus

Ptychoceratodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric sarcopterygians or lobe-finned fish originally named as a species of Ceratodus in 1837.[6][9][10] It was a lungfish from the Mesozoic era (Triassic-Cretaceous), and the only members of the family Ptychoceratodontidae.[11][12] One species, P. oldhami, was named in 2018 (final version published in 2020) based on remains from the Carnian-aged Tiki Formation (India).[5] The first named species, which is also the type species, is P. phillipsi, which was named in 1837 by Louis Agassiz as a species of Ceratodus and moved to a separate genus in 1926.[6]

Ptychoceratodus Temporal range: Early Triassic-Late Cretaceous ~251–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossilised scutes and jaw of Ptychoceratodus serratus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sarcopterygii
Subclass:	Dipnoi
Suborder:	Ceratodontoidei
Family:	†Ptychoceratodontidae
Genus:	†Ptychoceratodus Jaekel, 1926
Binomial name
†Ptychoceratodus phillipsi Agassiz, 1837
Species
†P. acutus Priem, 1924 (vide Martin, 1982)[1] †P. cionei Apestigua et al., 2007[2] †P. concinnus Meyer and Pleninger, 1844 (vide Martin, 1982)[1][3] †P. cuyanus Agnolin et al., 2017[4] †P. donensis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968 (vide Martin, 1982)[1] †P. gracilis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968 †P. oldhami Bhat & Ray, 2018[5] †P. ornatus Broom, 1908 (vide Martin, 1982)[1] †P. phillipsi Agassiz, 1837 (vide Martin, 1982)[1][6] †P. rectangulus Linck, 1936 (vide Martin, 1982)[1] †P. serratus Agassiz, 1838 (vide Apestigua et al., 2007)[2][7] †P. szecuhanensis Young, 1942 (vide Martin, 1982)[1][8] †P. viropa Oldham, 1859 (vide Martin, 1982)[1] †P. wichmanni Apestigua et al., 2007[2]
Synonyms
Ceratodus acutus Priem, 1924 Ceratodus concinnus Meyer & Pleninger, 1844 Ceratodus donensis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968 Ceratodus ornatus Broom, 1908 Ceratodus phillipsi Agassiz, 1836 Ceratodus rectangulus Linck, 1936 Ceratodus serratus Agassiz, 1838 Ceratodus szechuanensis Young, 1942 Ferganoceratodus szechuanensis Young, 1942 Ceratodus viropa Oldham, 1859

Fossil distribution

Fossils of Ptychoceratodus have been found in:[13]

Triassic

• Burgersdorp Formation, Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, Olenekian South Africa (?Ptychoceratodus sp.)
• Lipovskaya Formation, Olenekian European Russia (P. donensis)
• Erfurt Formation, Longobardian (Ladinian) Germany (P. serratus)
• Weser Formation, Carnian Germany (P. concinnus)
• Tiki Formation, Carnian India (P. oldhami)[5]
• Huai Hin Lat Formation, Norian Thailand (P. szechuanensis)
• Marnes de Châlins Formation, Norian France (P. rectangulus)
• Löwenstein Formation, Alaunian (Norian) Germany (P. concinnus)
• Grès à Avicula contorta Formation, Rhaetian France (P. philippsi)

Jurassic

• Kuangyuan Formation, Tithonian China (P. szechuanensis)

Cretaceous

• Paso del Sapo Formation, Maastrichtian Argentina (Ptychoceratodus sp.)

See also

• Sarcopterygii
• List of sarcopterygians
• List of prehistoric bony fish

References

1. M. Martin. 1982. Nouvelles données sur la phylogénie et la systématique des dipneustes postpaléozoïques [New data on the phylogeny and systematics of post-Paleozoic dipnoans]. Comptes Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Série II 294:611-614 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
2. S. Apesteguia, F. L. Agnolin, and K. Claeson. 2007. Review of Cretaceous dipnoans from Argentina (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) with descriptions of new species. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales nueva serie 9(1):27-40
3. H. v. Meyer and T. Plieninger. 1844. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Württemberg’s, enthaltend die Fossilen Wirbelthierreste aus den Triasgebilden mit Besonderer Rücksicht auf die Labyrinthodonten des Keupers [Contributions to the Paleontology of Württemberg, Including the Fossil Vertebrate Remains from the Triassic Formations with Special Regard to the Labyrinthodonts of the Keupers] 1-132
4. F. L. Agnolin, S. Bogan, F. Brissón Egli, F. E. Novas, M. P. Isasi, C. Marsicano, A. Zavattieri and A. Mancuso. 2017. A new lungfish (Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic of South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37(1):e1245665
5. Mohd Shafi Bhat; Sanghamitra Ray (2020). "A record of new lungfishes (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of India". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 32 (3): 428–437. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1499020. S2CID 92040062.
6. L. Agassiz. 1838. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 11). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 73-140
7. L. Agassiz. 1838. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 11). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 73-140
8. C.-C. Young. 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 22(-34):293-309
9. "Fossilworks: Ptychoceratodus". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
10. "FIGURE 2. Lower left tooth plate of Ptychoceratodus cuyanus (IANIGLA-PV..." ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
11. Skrzycki, Piotr (2015-09-03). "New species of lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic Krasiejów site in Poland, with remarks on the ontogeny of Triassic dipnoan tooth plates". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e964357. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.964357. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 83615924.
12. Cavin, Lionel; Longbottom, A. E.; Richter, Martha (2008). Fishes and the Break-up of Pangaea. Geological Society of London. ISBN 9781862392489.
13. [ Ptychoceratodus] at Fossilworks.org