SS Metallurg Anosov

The SS Metallurg Anosov (Russian: Металлург Аносов) was a merchant ship of Black Sea Shipping Company (Soviet Union). the ship was one of the project 567K Leninsky Komsomol class,[2] a multi-purpose tweendecker freighter with steam turbine engines. The ship takes its name from scientist and metallurgist Anosov Pavel Petrovich.

SS Metallurg Anosov during a cargo operation in Cuba, during the 1960s
History
Name:
  • Metallurg Anosov
  • (Russian: Металлург Аносов)
Namesake: Anosov Pavel Petrovich
Owner: 1962–1986: Black Sea Shipping Company, USSR
Operator: 1962–1986: Black Sea Shipping Company, USSR
Port of registry:
Route:
Builder: Kherson shipyard
Launched: July, 1962
Completed: 29 September 1962
Maiden voyage: Odessa-Nikolayev–Mariel, Cuba from 30 of September to 02 of November 1962
Renamed: Anosov in 1988
Identification:
Fate: Scrapped in May, 1986
General characteristics
Type: freighter, tweendecker
Tonnage:
  • 12,285 GT
  • 16216 winter DW
  • 16251 summer DW
Length: 587.3 ft (179.0 m)
Beam: 74 ft (22.6 m)
Height: 52.5 ft (16.0 m)
Propulsion: two steam turbine engines driving a single 6.3 m (21 ft) screw propeller
Speed: 20 knots in ballast condition, 24 knots in cargo condition.
Capacity: bale: 20220 cub.m.; grain: 23763 cub.m.[1]

Specifications

Project 567 was developed at the Central Design Bureau Chernomorsudoproekt (CDB ChSP) in Nikolayev.
The major designers were:

  • Bohonevich K.I. (until 1956);
  • Sidorov B.K. (1956–1961);
  • Sibir' F.V. (from 1961 to project completion).

Modifications

The SS Metallurg Anosov was one of the four Leninsky Komsomol-class cargo ships specially equipped for troop and weapon transportation. The overall length of these transports was increased by 9.1 metres (30 ft), along with size increases to the cargo hold widths, depths, and bay doors. These modifications allowed the class to be used as a missile carrier.

Engines

The main engines were made at the Kirov Plant (Leningrad, USSR), and were installed in the Kherson shipyard. The engines produced 13000/14300 horsepower at 1,000rpm, allowing the ship to achieve a ballasted speed of 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph). The ship was equipped with a steam turbine turbo gear unit, the "ТС-1" consisting of double-case turbine and gear fed by two fuel oil boilers, with a steam capacity of 25 tons per hour, at pressure of 42 atmospheres and temperature of 470 °C. The gearbox lowered the output rpm to 100, and fed the power to the main propeller, a single four-bladed bronze propeller with a diameter of 6.3 metres (21 ft) in an automated process.

Self-defence

In the event of mobilisation, the ship could mount several anti-aircraft guns on the rotary turrets where the cargo cranes were mounted.

Record of service

After the completion of construction in Kherson shipyard, the ship passed sea trials for three days in September 1962. The ship was commissioned by Black Sea Shipping Company on 29 September 1962. At the time, the turbine-runner Metallurg Anosov was the fastest merchant vessel in the Soviet Union. The ship's dimensions: length overall 179 m, width - 22.6 m, moulded depth - 16 m, speed - 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).[3]

After the signing of the act of acceptance, the ship was moved to Odessa. Hold number 4 was converted for troop transportation by the dock workers, allowing for up to 1,600 soldiers to be bunked aboard. The vessel also took on fuel, food, fresh water, and other marine supplies before moving to Mykolaiv for the loading of its main cargo, a set of missiles.[3] Russian seamen often called the missiles "special cargo" for secrecy.

Maiden voyage

The maiden voyage of Metallurg Anosov occurred during the Cuban blockade, the most stressful period of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The ship was initially loaded in Nikolayev port by distinguished harbor master Nickolai Movchan with missiles of an unknown type, though special containers for rocket fuel were lashed onto the main deck.[3]

A large number of troops from the 51st Missile Division, 664th Missile Regiment, including the regiment headquarters, combat support, and service subdivisions were housed in hold number 4 at 23.00 LT on 3 October 1962.[4][5] At the time, only the commanding officer knew that the destination was Cuba. Before launching, General Degtyarev, who was in charge of the Defence Ministry at the time, held a briefing. The general handed a secret package, marked "To be opened four days after the passage of the Strait of Gibraltar", to the master of the ship at Babienko N.Z. on 4 October. Later that day, at 02:00 4 October 1962, the ship unmoored and began its maiden voyage to the Strait of Gibraltar.[3]

Turkish warships met the ship close to the Bosphorus. After quarantine formalities, the warships accompanied the SS Metallurg Anosov through the Bosphorus, the Marmara Sea and Dardanelles to access the Aegean Sea.[3]

During transit through the Bosphorus, a barge without any illumination or signal lights appeared beside the Metallurg Anosov at night. The ship took evasive action, avoiding a collision with the barge by 10 metres (33 ft). Russian officials theorized that the Turks would have used a collision as pretext to storm the vessel, exposing the secret shipment.[3]

A man aboard a similar ship taking the same route, the Divnogorsk, recounted the voyage:

... the bunk beds were equipped for the personnel. They were allowed to let out on the open deck at night only and not more than four persons on the open deck... We were escorted by NATO ships, planes and helicopters ... Once day the captain of ship together with the commander of echelon climb down into the hold to us and said that NATO troops tried to stop the previous ship, it is why we need to be ready for anything. He said: "You are like the agricultural specialists and carrying farm machinery, but do not forget who you are." Then orders were given to petty officers to hand tommy-guns with a clear mission to prevent entering the hold for everybody. The tommy-guns were stored under the bed mattress ...[6]

Combined with the difficulties of transporting a large number of people on a vessel not designed for such, several difficulties were encountered with the ship's cargo. Primarily, the refueling tracks, tanks, and containers produced toxic fumes, and the containers themselves were volatile at high temperatures. The fuel could become toxic to people in the surrounding area, and there was a risk of explosion during the hot weather. Over these fuel tanks and containers, seawater was poured almost 24 hours per day to avoid an explosion from overheating. Living conditions of the people who accompanied the cargo were difficult. They breathed toxic substances, were irradiated, and accordingly became sick.[7]

The rocket fuel "heptyl" was carried in special containers which were not present in the holds of the most common commercial vessels.

Four days after passing through the Gibraltar Strait the captain opened the secret package in the presence of the pompolit and the commander, Colonel Sergei Verenik. The package contained only a single line: "Turbine-runner 'Metallurg Anosov' has to sail to the Cuban port Camañas."[3] After it was read, the orders were burned.

Soldiers and officers came out at night only to breathe the ocean air, and to be away from the fumes below. Lessons on Cuban culture were taught during the voyage systematically. Soldiers and officers familiar with the history, economy, customs, and traditions of Cuba taught them to those that were not.[3]

As the ship approached Cuba, it had several encounters with NATO forces. U.S. submarines were spotted floating in front of the ship, in an attempt to provoke a collision, or to send the ship off course. Additionally, several U.S. Navy airplanes repeatedly flew close over the ship, sometimes coming close to crashing into the ship's superstructure.[3]

On 22 October, Metallurg Anosov arrived at the port of Camañas. The first rank captain and two colonels met the ship at the pier. There the ship received a new order: to proceed to Mariel Bay and receive a new order from the Soviet ambassador to Cuba, Alexandr Alexeyev. One general and several colonels of General Staff met the ship in the specified bay.[3]

A Department of Defense photo shows Soviet missiles being loaded on the ship Metallurg Anosov at port in Mariel port
The Metallurg Anosov, carrying eight missile transporters with canvas-covered missiles
A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3A-20-LO Orion (BuNo 150497) of Patrol Squadron VP-44 flies over the Metallurg Anosov and destroyer USS Barry (DD-933) during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

On 25 October, the Soviet government issued a statement of protest following the United States' blockade of Cuba as an illegal action under maritime law. Captains of Soviet vessels received an order to not obey commands from US ships forbidding them from entering Cuban waters. On the day of the announcement of the Cuban blockade the position of the Soviet merchant vessels that made voyages to Cuba was as follows:

  • 9 Soviet vessels on the way to the ports of Cuba
  • 25 Soviet vessels at the ports of Cuba
  • 37 Soviet vessels from Cuba followed to Soviet Union ports.

On 29 October 1962 the U.S.S.R. decided to take the missiles and other offensive weapons out of Cuba. Nine vessels, including the Metallurg Anosov, were allocated to the task.

The ship was quickly unloaded, and as soon as the last cargo was ashore, the captain of the ship, N.Z. Babienko, received an order for the ship to return to Soviet Union. However, right before ship's departure a general came aboard for inspection. He immediately halted ship's departure. It would later be revealed that the First Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Mikoyan had flown to Cuba on 2 November 1962, prompting the move.[3]

Removing missiles from Cuba

The Metallurg Anosov was one of the nine Soviet freighters involved in returning Soviet missiles and their launchers to the U.S.S.R. from Cuba. The loading of the missiles and their launchers was carried out in Mariel Bay, from 2 November through 7 November 1962. During the loading, NATO aircraft flew over the port and took photos. The Metallurg Anosov sailed from Mariel on 7 November 1962.

USS Barry was ordered to investigate a Soviet merchant ship, and proceeded to her station on 9 November, sighting the merchant ship that evening. The Barry closed to within 400 yards (370 m) of the Metallurg Anosov's starboard quarter, illuminated the ship's quarter and bow, and identified her. Trailing astern, the Barry followed the merchant ship, heading east away from the blockade zone, until morning. After dawn, the destroyer closed on the merchant, in order to "obtain photographs of deck cargo", until late morning when she changed course for the aircraft carrier USS Essex for refueling and to transfer the photographs.

USS Barry and a Patrol Squadron of VP-44 escorted this ship on the 10 of November, 1962. The VP-44 patrol squadron achieved international recognition of sorts when an aircraft photographed the deck while flying close surveillance over the Metallurg Anasov. The Metallurg Anasov was the only Russian vessel refusing to uncover all of the missiles lashed to the deck. The squadron verified that eight large oblong objects, which appeared to be missiles, were located on its deck and the ship was allowed to proceed. The Utica Observer-Dispatch newspaper reported on 11 November 1962:

When the destroyed Barry inspected the freighter Anosov at dawn yesterday the Soviet skipper refused repeated requests to completely uncover missiles lashed to the deck. But there seemed no doubt that they were rockets and the Pentagon said the count was carried out "without incident".[8]

The Metallurg Anosov arrived at its destination port in the Black Sea after 20 November and was probably unloaded before 1 December 1962.

From December 1963 to August 1964

In December 1963 motorman Nikolay joined the ship Metallurg Anosov. His previous ship was the steamer Karaganda. He was married to a daughter of Grigory Zhukovsky family and lived on M. Raskova (Kartamyshevskaya before) street 26 in Odessa. His son was born in delivery date of this ship to the Black Sea Shipping Company, on 29 September 1962. Soon Nikolay became a senior motorman of this ship. He was later promoted to rank of Motorman of the Soviet Union.

After December 1962, the Metallurg Anosov performed voyages to Cuba and Angola under the command of Captain Babienko N.Z.[3]

First circumnavigation
Certificate of circumnavigation «Металлург Аносов»

The first circumnavigation of the world for the Metallurg Anosov occurred from 4 August to 16 December 1963.

Ports of call, main straits and canals during the circumnavigation:

Tap dance on the Soviet steamship Nezhin. Photo dated 1960 or first part of January 1961.

Australian voyage

Ships of Black Sea Shipping Company rarely made call in Australian. This time the Metallurg Anosov made port in Australia, hence on this voyage the crew called it the "Australian voyage". The captain during this voyage was Babiyenko Nikolay Zakharovich. His executive officer was V.I. Titov. Y.N. Malin was political officer.

The Metallurg Anosov sailed from the Black Sea through the Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Suez Canal entered the Red Sea and then to the final destination in the Far East.

Call to Nakhodka

The ship arrived at Nakhodka port in Russia early in 1964 to take in bunker and supply. One of three verses was written in a song written by the crew on sailing from Nakhodka. The verse is called Call to Nakhodka. Here is that verse, and its translation:

On Russian languageOn English
Пароход пришваровался,
Экипаж в кабак подался,
С голодухи заторчали.
По две курицы сожрали,
Те, кто сильно окосел,
Танцевали "Сорок Семь".		The steamer moored,
In the pub ship's crew moved.
Due to hunger, they stunned then,
Each gobbled two chicken,
Those, who were cockeyed heavily,
Danced "Forty-Seven" extremely.
Crew members of mv Metallurg Anosov in Japan

"Forty-Seven" is Odessa city national dance.

Call in Japan

The crew members went ashore in Japan and took photos dated March 1964.

In March 1964 the ship sailed from Japan, crossed the equator at longitude 154° 00' E on 14 March 1964, before proceeding to their destination port of Sydney, Australia.

The ship «Металлург Аносов» at Sydney in 1964. There is the Sydney port bridge over the entrance to the port. Photo made by photocamera - the best modes of Soviet photocameras in the second part of 1950s and in 1960s.

Call in Sydney

Upon arrival at Sydney, the ship dropped anchor at an outer anchorage, and awaited free berth for loading. The ship Metallurg Anosov proceeded to the berth for mooring on 4 April 1964. The cargo for loading was grain. After completion of loading crew members were placed in a private hotel, the "Mansion House", for three days before the ship exited port. The ship briefly appears in 1966 NFSA Life in Australia series, Episode 12, Life in Sydney.[9]

Crew-members of the Metallurg Anosov and their families in a Soviet Black Sea ports, after the Australian voyage.

Voyage from August 1964 to January 1965
US Navy P-2 Neptune over the ship Металлург Аносов close to Cuba in September or November 1964.
US Navy P-2 Neptune over the bow of the ship Metallurg Anosov close to Cuba in September or November 1964.
US Navy P-2 Neptune over the stern of the ship Metallurg Anosov close to Cuba in September or November 1964.

The ship sailed from the Black Sea to Japan through the Suez Canal in August 1964. From Japan, the Metallurg Anosov passed to Cuba through the Panama Canal. From Cuba, the ship went back to Japan through the Panama Camal to discharge a cargo of sugar in Japan. Then the vessel ran to Singapore to load caoutchouc. The captain Stadnichyenko S.M. was a junior deck officer on the Metallurg Anosov between August 1964 and 1967 during this period.

After Singapore, the ship returned to the Black Sea and discharged cargo in Illichivsk port in January 1965.

Service from 1965 to 1967

For its next voyages, of Metallurg Anosov went between the Black Sea and Cuba.

The ship also visited Alexandria and Algeria between 1965 and 1967.

During its voyages to Algeria, the ship carried military cargo. The sea captain Stadnichenko, recalled when he was the junior mate of the ship Metallurg Anosov, said of the events in port:

When the ship Metallurg Anosov was moored alongside the berth it was necessary to work periodically by propeller ahead and then back to avoid diver's actions against the ship. Also Algerian soldier with automatic gun was on board. One time the crew members heard the shots of automatic gun. The soldier was on main deck and heard the breathing from water. He fired into water and a dolphin was killed.

Crewmembers and their families on the upper bridge deck of «Металлург Аносов» in summer 1966 or 1967.

Chief motorman Nikolay said that official military motorboat ran around the ship, while the ship stayed in Algeria, and periodically dropped underwater explosives to prevent divers from coming aboard.

Around Africa from 1967 to 1969

During the Six-Day War in June 1967 Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula, and as such the Suez Canal was closed for shipping between 1967 and 1975.

Therefore, the Metallurg Anosov was forced to go around Cape Horn from 1967 to 1975, visiting South African ports for bunkering for voyages from the Black Sea to Asian ports in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. During its trip, the ship crossed the equator at longitude 009° 30' W on 24 of July 1967, and the crew received Equator Line Crossing Certificates.

Circumnavigation including equatorial crossing (1969-1970)
Yuriy-Grigoriy Vladimirovich Andropov-Fyodorov in 1967.

According to another certificate of equatorial crossing, the Metallurg Anosov again circumnavigated the globe when she sailed from Odessa to Cuba. After leaving port in Cuba in late 1969 or early January 1970, the ship passed through the Panama Canal and steamed to Japan. The equator was crossed in the Atlantic Ocean in March 1970. The ship then passed around Africa and received bunker and other ship's supply in a South African port.

Around Africa from 1971–1975

The ship was in a Black Sea Soviet port in February 1971, for a change of crew.

The Metallurg Anosov skirted the epicenter of a cyclone with a strength of 8 points on the Beaufort scale, when she came back from Cuba in 1971.[10]

The ship visited Qatar once, sometime between 15 April 1971 and February 1973.

The ship visited Ceylon in the second part of January 1973.

The ship was in Cuba at the end of March and in May 1973. After Cuba the ship was loaded in the United States and proceeded to Beirut for discharge. After Beirut the ship went back to the USSR.

During the next voyage from the USSR, the ship arrived at Cuba in the second part of September, and sailed from Havana on 7 October 1973 to Canada. During voyage, ship was repeatedly buzzed by American planes. The ship was loaded with grain in Canada, before sailing to Odessa in the second part of November 1973, and finally on to Novorossiysk port.

The ship was docked in Cuba at the end of March and in April 1975.

The ship docked in Haiphong port, Vietnam, in the second half of June, and in the first half of August 1975.[11]

In October 1975 the ship visited Japan. It is confirmed by attached photo, on which crew members of Metallurg Anosov and the tour guide M. Hamano at the tour bus depicted during the tour in Kioto, old capital of Japan. Very interesting history happened during this tour. This history has to be describer i the separate chapter.

The tour in Kyoto

"The teacher of Russian language" and the Japanese connoisseur of the Russian language.
During the cargo operations in Japan, some crew members of the ship Matallurg Anosov were taken for tour in Kyoto, old capital of Japan. The tour guide was Mr. M. Hamano, a Japanese. Mr. Hamano had very good knowledges in Russian language and wished to improve it. It is why he often asked a seaman of the ship about correct and proper pronunciation and understanding some of the words. Soon he stopped to ask questions to the seaman and commenced to ask to Nikolay. When the ship back in Odessa, Nicholay received a letter from Mr. Hamano and told his son:

The Japanese had very good knowledge in Russian language and he was a professor of Russian language in a University. He ask me a question about the correct pronunciation and the use of Russian words. I was puzzled often due to his knowledges in Russian had sometimes better then my knowledges in Russian language includes Ukrainian words and Ukrainian pronunciation. I am Ukrainian. I understood that another seaman redirected Mr. Hamano to me and asked that seaman after the tour. he is tired of questions from the Japanese and said to Mr. Hamano that Nikolay is a teacher of Russian language. It is why Nikolay was interviewed with the addiction regarding Russian language and was forced to give his address for correspondence letters.

When the ship Matallurg Anosov back in home port Odessa, Nikolay received the letter from Mr. Hamano:

Dear comrade (surname of Nikolay)!

Good day!

I am sending the photo to You, as it promised You.

I will very glad? if You will familiarize me with the reality of the language life of Odessa citizens. I hear often that your Odessa is a melting pot of different nationalities peoples. I would like to know about this increasingly and detailed.

I wish the best desires to You and your family.

With salutation

M. Hamano.

The photo, letter and envelope attached here. Due to the son of Nikolay collected the envelope is without postal stamps.

Is this event in Kyoto and the letter were an attempt to make contact for the extraction of information about the exploration, which began with the tower muffler on Karamyshevskoe street in Odessa? Or it was a result of another seaman joke? It was Soviet Union period. Nikolay did not reply this letter due to:

  • any correspondence with foreigners could serve as the basis for closure of the visa and job loss in the seas;
  • any correspondence with foreigners could serve as basis for prison sentence;
  • Nikolay was not a teacher of Russian language and did not want to deceive the Japanese.

New words of Odessa melting pot.
In 1960s and 1970s the ship Metallurg Anosov visited Japanese ports often. Also the above described tour in Kyoto gave a reason for inventing new words during a partying of the seamen on this ship. After Nikolay said to the son this new words, which were a seamen joke:

  • Question: How the word a "she-secretary" is translated on Japanese? Response: Takasuka.
  • Question: How the word a "wife" is translated on Japanese? Response: Takasama.
  • Question: How the word a "flat" is translated on Japanese? Response: Nakhuyata Hata.

Really this words are the fusions of normally Ukrainian words and obscene jargon of Russian, Ukrainian and Odessa languages ("takasuka" on English is "such a bitch") except the word "takasama", which has translation on English "the same". This worlds are for a men partying mostly.

One more word from this collection of the words was used by Nikolay, and could be it was his invention. Every family has "Mata Hari". The wife paused and grinned as if it was a compliment. Son heard this phrase for the first time and didn't understand why his mother was delighted. He asked the father later about the meaning of used phrase and receives reply: "It is means shut up!" A little later, the son learned that Mata Hari is the name of a famous female spy and it does not mean "shut up".

In future the son of Nikolay used only one word from above mentioned collection of new words. It was the word "takasama". The son did not like to use obscene jargon and he could to describe a woman by the word "takasama", which means "the same as the takasuka". Other words the son did not use and did not invented similar world due to it is needs a time to think about the meaning of invented word. If the person, whose thoughts are readable by the Intelligence subdivisions, will think about any phrase before the talk, the secret of the talk can be decoded easy. It is why he used another style of the talk and another code system. Are You able to message a secret information in case you are equipped with the chip, which permits to read your thoughts by others? But one of the way to teach the basics codification was through the ship, which crew members were changed often.

From 1976 to 1986
From: representative of Black Sea Shipping Company
To: ship Metallurg Anosov in Illichevsk Shipyard, captain Babiyenko.
"In honour of the Day of Sea Workers and as per Decree of the Head of Shipping Company dated 23 of June 1976 it is declared a gratitude to Nicholay (surname is closed). Congratulations to the awarded crew members, we wish success in your works. ChZM Lisyuk".
The telegram was sent on 2 July and received on 3 July 1976.

Metallurg Anosov visited Angola once, in 1976. The ship brought in military cargo to Luanda.

The ship was under repair in Ilyichevsk Shipyard in the summer of 1976.

Metallurg Anosov arrived in Odessa from Rijeka on 19 of February, 1977.

The ship was on Cuba in the first part of May 1979, again to deliver missiles and other military cargo.

Final journey and scrapping

Metallurg Anosov was sold for scrap on 21 March 1986 and renamed Anosov.[1] The ship's home port and flag were changed to George Town, Cayman Islands. The ship arrived in China in May 1986. Anosov proceeded to Qinhuangdao and scrapped on 22 May 1986.[12]

Stamps

The SS Metallurg Anosov was featured on a postage stamp issued in 2008,[13] and another issued in 2013.[14]

This was the only Soviet ship mentioned in Cuban Missile Crisis and Cold War stamps, as it was involved in both the Cuban Missile Crisis and other Cold War operations.

See also

References
  1. "Anosov – Проект 567, 567К, тип Ленинский комсомол — Водный транспорт". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  2. "Проект 567, 567К, тип Ленинский комсомол — Водный транспорт". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  3. Group, Kabba Design. "Вечерний Николаев газета Николаев Украина Лики ИСТОРИИ - Вкус морской воды". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  4. СССР в строительстве ВМС Кубы. 8. Советские суда участвовавшие в переброске войск в ходе операции «Анадырь».
  5. "Суда торгового, речного и рыбного флота / Цусимские форумы". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  6. "Кубинцы приветствовали нас словно космонавтов. - Сайт ветеранов ГСВСК". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  7. "Дипломатические Комментарии-Самая большая переброска войск в истории человечества". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  8. Newspaper "Utica Observer-Dispatch", Sunday Morning, November, 11, l962. Page 2a. Article: "41 of 42 Cuba Missiles Believed Russia-Bound V".
  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUdeLgfWgUM?t=615
  10. ""Герои-панфиловцы" и "Командарм Федько" — суда нового поколения (ч.2) - Мой город - Херсон". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  11. Металлург Аносов in ballast condition.
  12. "shipstamps.co.uk • Search". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  13. http://www.shipstamps.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=7471
  14. The stamp issued in 2013
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