SmarTrip

SmarTrip is a contactless stored-value smart card payment system managed by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) uses a compatible payment system called CharmCard. A reciprocity agreement between the MTA and WMATA allows either card to be used for travel on any of the participating transit systems in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Unlike traditional paper farecards or bus passes, SmarTrip/CharmCard is designed to be permanent and reloadable; the term "SmarTrip" may refer to both payment systems unless otherwise noted.

SmarTrip
LocationBaltimore–Washington metropolitan area
    LaunchedMay 18, 1999 (1999-05-18)
    Technology
    ManagerWashington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
    CurrencyUSD ($300 maximum load)
    Validity
    Retailed
    • Metro Sales Offices
    • Commuter Stores
    • Retail Outlets
    Variants
    • CharmCard
    Websitehttps://www.smartrip.com/rcsc.html

    WMATA began using SmarTrip for payment on Metrorail in 1999 followed shortly by Metrobus and Metro parking lots. It was later extended to other public transit systems throughout the region. Although WMATA initially drew criticism due to the limited number of SmarTrip sales locations, distribution has expanded to local convenience stores and supermarkets. By late 2012 all Metrorail stations were equipped with SmarTrip vending machines.[1]

    In October 2010, WMATA announced that it was working on a replacement system because the company that makes SmarTrip cards has since gone out of business.[2] However, the transit agency found an alternate manufacturer to produce additional cards until a new payment system is introduced.[3]

    Since March 6, 2016, SmarTrip cards are the only payment method accepted on Metrorail; paper farecards are no longer valid.[4]

    Overview
    SmarTrip Express Lane faregates at Vienna station. These gates are obsolete since 2016 when fare gates started only accepting SmarTrip cards.

    SmarTrip cards are 3⅜ by 2⅛ inches (85.7 mm × 54.0 mm), the same size as a credit card or driver's license. The card is brought into close proximity with a circular target on the top or side of each faregate rather than inserted into a slot. Because the card has a radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip inside, it needs not be touched directly to the target, just held near it; thus the card can be scanned while still inside a wallet or purse passed over the target, affording some speed and convenience over the paper farecards which were physically inserted into a slot. In the Metrorail system, using the card to activate the target by will display the value remaining as the faregate opens, both when entering and exiting. On Metrobuses, the farebox will audibly beep and display the remaining value. In all cases, the appropriate fare is deducted automatically, accounting for any applicable transfers and discounts.

    In an effort to reduce fraud and waste, Metro announced in October 2008 that it would be eliminating paper bus transfers effective January 4, 2009. All riders who wished to take advantage of reduced-fare transfers were required to pay using SmarTrip.[5] Paper bus passes were eliminated in January 2011 and passes are now only available on SmarTrip.[6]

    For SmarTrip, pass rules are different from CharmCard. All Metrorail passes are now available on SmarTrip. These include One-Day, 7-Day, and 28-Day fast passes valid for unlimited travel on Metrorail. A 7-Day Short Trip Pass is also sold, allowing unlimited off-peak rides, and unlimited peak rides for trips costing up to $3.50, with the difference in fare deducted from the stored value on the card if necessary. CharmCard allows a maximum of two of each pass to be stored, so two day passes and two monthly passes, plus cash, can be stored on the card.

    Metro also sells SmarTrip cards that are preloaded with a One-Day rail pass online for the same price as just the pass alone ($14 since July 1, 2012), including all of the commemorative SmarTrip cards issued since 2009.[7]

    SmarTrip vending machine at the Metro Center station.

    Standard cards can be purchased at vending machines within all Metrorail stations,[1] at Metro sales offices, selected retail stores, and online. The purchase price includes $2 for the card itself plus an initial fare value, which varies depending on where they are purchased: cards purchased at stations cost $10 ($2 for the card and $8 fare value), while those purchased online cost either $10 or $30 ($2 for the card and $8 or $28 fare value).[8] The cards can be reloaded using farecard vending machines or using cash at fareboxes onboard buses. Until 2016, riders could also add value to their SmarTrip cards by trading in paper farecards (a used farecard up to $20, or an unused farecard of any value).[9] There is a difference between SmarTrip and CharmCard on the maximum value that can be stored on the card: SmarTrip can store up to $300 in value, while CharmCard can store up to $200.

    SmarTrip and CharmCard have different qualifications for inter-system usage, e.g. using CharmCard on non-MTA providers, and using SmarTrip on MTA. Passes and non-cash loads (such as employee transit benefits) are stored on the card in a separate "purse" from cash loads. Purse benefits can only be used on the issuing system for that benefit, so a day pass issued by MTA on either a CharmCard or SmarTrip will only be valid on MTA, and a WMATA-issued monthly pass will not be valid on MTA even if it was loaded on a CharmCard. This does mean it is possible to have identical or different passes (like a monthly pass from one and a day pass from the other) from both WMATA and MTA simultaneously loaded on the same card. Monthly transit benefits provided by an employer will only be valid for whichever system the employer is registered with, so an employer who is registered to provide transit benefits with WMATA will only grant benefits usable on WMATA and Washington, DC-area transit providers, even if the benefits are loaded on a CharmCard. Cash loaded on either card is valid on both WMATA and MTA vehicles. This also means purse funds cannot be used for cash equivalents, so a person who is authorized for a monthly bus pass in employee benefits cannot use that benefit to pay for rail travel or a day pass.

    Discounted (half-fare) cards have different rules for SmarTrip and CharmCard. SmarTrip for seniors and the disabled may only be purchased in person from a Metro agent or authorized sales office, and the person must show ID and for a disabled rider, proof of disability (either WMATA Disabled ID or Medicare card.) CharmCard for seniors and disabled are only available from the MTA reduced fare office at 6 St. Paul Street in downtown Baltimore, with similar requirements (proof of age or disability). Also, while WMATA charges a $2 fee plus the amount to load in value for senior/disabled SmarTrip card, MTA merely requires at least $2 in value to be initially loaded onto a senior/disabled CharmCard; MTA waives any fee for the card.

    "Exit fare" machines (used with paper farecards) previously did not accept SmarTrip, and riders with insufficient value to pay their fare were allowed to exit the system with any negative balance. This negative balance must, however, be paid before the card may be used again to enter the system. In addition, the card must contain sufficient value to pay the full fee in order to exit a Metro parking lot. Since SmarTrip owners were allowed to exit the system with an unlimited negative balance, the Metro Board had previously rejected proposals to reduce the price of SmarTrip cards from $5 down to $2.50.[10] Starting September 1, 2012, Metro began offering $3 rebates to customers who registered their cards online after purchase. The cards still cost $5, but a $3 credit was refunded to the card five days after first use.[11] Also starting September 1, riders have been required to have a minimum balance of $1.20 on their SmarTrip cards (35¢ for half-fare senior/disabled cards) in order to enter the Metrorail system, which reduced the possible negative balance upon exit.[12] Effective October 1, 2013, the price of the card was reduced to $2, the rebate program was discontinued, and the maximum permitted negative balance upon exit was set at $1.50, with riders who would exceed this being required to use the Exitfare machines to add value to their cards.[13][14]

    SmarTrip cards comply with the ISO/IEC 14443 Type B standard.[15] A microchip contained within the card stores its value, as well as the rider's most recent entry and exit points, and a unique identifier. However, the unique identifier is not linked to a person's name or identity, unless one registers the card online. Registering SmarTrip cards allows riders to recover their remaining balance (minus a $5 replacement fee), should the card be lost, stolen, or damaged. The unique identifier also allows workers enrolled in the SmartBenefits program, which allows employers to subsidize employee transportation costs tax-free, to credit their monthly benefits to their cards.

    The SmarTrip system was built and designed by Cubic Transportation Systems, Inc., a subsidiary of San Diego-based Cubic Corporation. As of October 2010 Cubic is reportedly no longer producing the cards.[16] In December 2010, WMATA issued a request for proposals for a replacement system. The new payment system is expected to use federal employee badges and certain smart phones in addition to the stored value cards.[17] In January 2014 WMATA announced that the contract for the new system was awarded to Accenture.[18]

    In May 2012, the transit agency announced that it had found a replacement manufacturer for SmarTrip cards to avoid shortages until a new payment system goes into place. Customers will likely not notice any differences except that the new cards are slightly thinner and cheaper to produce.[3]

    History

    SmarTrip was the first contactless smart card for transit in the United States[19] when WMATA began selling SmarTrip cards on May 18, 1999.[20] By 2004, 650,000 SmarTrip cards were in circulation.[21] On November 12, 2002, the first SmarTrip readers were used on Metrobuses.[20] In May 2004, SmarTrip readers were introduced at parking garage gates.[20] In December 2010, 1,800,000 SmarTrip cards were in use.[22] In February 2011, WMATA replaced the antennas on all Metrorail faregates to improve the speed and range of its faregates' SmarTrip processing.[23] On September 1st, 2020, Apple and WMATA enabled SmarTrip cards to be added to Apple Pay through the Wallet app.[24]

    Kids Ride Free

    DC One Card

    In May 2011, WMATA and the District of Columbia Department of Transportation started a pilot project to give students in the DC Public Schools "DC One Cards" which are SmarTrip compatible. The new cards serve as both a student identification card and provide reduced or free Metro fares during student commuting hours. The cards are intended to address youth behavior problems in Metrorail stations.[25]

    SmarTrip Card

    In the summer of 2018, the DC One Card Kids Ride Free program was replaced by the SmarTrip Kids Ride Free Program due to difficulties in activating the DC One Cards. All students who live in the District of Columbia, attend a public, charter, or private school in the District of Columbia, and are between the ages of 5 and 21 are eligible for a Kids Ride Free SmarTrip Card. The Kids Ride Free Card, a normal SmarTrip card with a large silver Kids Ride Free sticker on it, allows students to ride the Washington Metro, Metrobus, and the DC Circulator for free. The DC One Card Program officially terminated on October 1, 2018.[26]

    Design

    On the front of the standard SmarTrip card is a stylized picture of a Metrorail car and Metrobus in front of representations of the Washington Monument, United States Capitol, and stylized versions of classical architecture found in Washington, D.C. The Metro logo appears in the bottom left. A "Senior" SmarTrip is also available that automatically calculates applicable discounted fares for senior citizens (age 65+). The design is identical to the standard SmarTrip except that the card is printed in shades of bright yellow and brown, instead of blue and green. Since the Senior SmarTrip allows for discounted fares, the card may only be purchased in person with a valid ID from a Metro sales office or authorized vendor.[27]

    On March 27, 2016, Metro unveiled a new Smartrip card design, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Metrorail system opening.

    Beginning November 2016, Metro Access cards, which permit use of Metro Access Paratransit and free trips on Metrobus and Metrorail, were replaced with a special personalized SmarTrip card with the user's photograph and the Metro Access logo appearing on the front of the card. A companion SmarTrip card is included to allow a companion to also ride free along with the disabled person.

    Promotional designs

    The first two promotional SmarTrip cards were issued in 2008 to commemorate the opening of the newly built stadium of the Washington Nationals, Nationals Park. Special SmarTrip cards commemorating the inauguration of President Barack Obama were issued in January 2009 and 2013.[28] In July 2013, a special July 4 commemorative SmarTrip card was introduced.

    In June 2014, Metro celebrated the 125th anniversary of the National Zoo by issuing commemorative SmarTrip cards featuring "popular zoo baby residents." [29]

    In July 2014, a commemorative SmarTrip card was issued to celebrate the opening of the Silver Line.[30]

    Criticism
    Farecard vending machines at Morgan Boulevard station, equipped with SmarTrip targets.

    An early criticism of the SmarTrip cards had been that they were only sold at suburban Metrorail stations, online, a few selected retailers, and Metro sales offices. However, in 2008, Metro reached an agreement with CVS/pharmacy to sell the cards at 187 DC-area locations in an effort to increase SmarTrip use.[31] The SmarTrip cards are also sold at area grocery store chains.[32] In late 2012 WMATA installed SmarTrip vending machines at all Metrorail stations.[1]

    A number of SmarTrip features that were supposed to be introduced in 2005 by SmarTrip's creator, Cubic Transportation Systems, were not fully implemented until 2012.[33] Initially, riders could only add value to a SmarTrip card at Metrorail stations or by using cash while boarding a Metrobus. In November 2008, after years of delays, WMATA announced that customers would have the ability to add funds to their SmarTrip cards online by September 2009, but that deadline was missed.[34] WMATA did launch SmarTrip's online reload feature in September 2011.[35] WMATA allowed customers to load a seven-day unlimited Metrorail pass to their SmarTrip cards in April 2012.[36]

    All trips made with a SmarTrip card, with the exception of bus transfers and passes, are charged as individual one-way fares. WMATA offers discounted rail and bus passes to customers who make several trips in one day, or many trips, or many short trips, in a seven-day period or calendar month; however, SmarTrip users must manually load each transit pass onto their SmarTrip cards or sign up for an autoload of the pass in advance.[36] This is in contrast to the Oyster card system on the London Underground, for example, where fares are automatically capped to ensure that customers never pay more than the cost of a one-day pass each day.[37]

    There have been complaints when customers' cards cease to work as a result of placing the card in proximity to metal or physically damaging the card. In such cases Metro guarantees that the fund balance on the card will be transferred to a new card. However, customers have complained that WMATA has not been processing such balance transfers promptly.[38]

    Parking

    In a controversial move, WMATA announced that as part of a new cashless parking payment system, SmarTrip would be the only way to pay for parking at Metro-operated garages and lots effective June 28, 2004, after reports of widespread theft by Metro's parking contractor, Penn Parking.[39]

    The decision prompted complaints that Metro was inconveniencing its many customers, including tourists and other infrequent users, who did not own a SmarTrip card. In April 2007, WMATA began testing the use of credit cards to pay for parking at six Metro stations, avoiding the need to pay for parking with SmarTrip cards at those stations. The sites are Anacostia on the Green Line, Shady Grove on the Red Line, Vienna and New Carrollton on the Orange Line, and Franconia-Springfield and Largo Town Center on the Blue Line.[40] One exit lane at each station accepts credit card payments through a reader next to the existing SmarTrip card target.[41] WMATA has since announced that it will make at least one credit card exit lane available at all Metro pay-on-exit parking facilities.[42]

    Participating systems

    The following is a list of transit systems that accept the SmarTrip card for payment. The Maryland Transit Administration's CharmCard uses a compatible payment system from the same manufacturer. A reciprocity agreement allows patrons to use either payment card to travel on any of the participating systems throughout the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area.[43]

    System[44] Transit authority Service area
    Washington Metro WMATA Washington Metropolitan Area
    Metrobus WMATA Washington Metropolitan Area
    DC Circulator DC government, WMATA, First Transit Washington, D.C.
    Arlington Transit (ART) Local government Arlington County, Virginia
    CUE Bus Local government City of Fairfax, Virginia
    DASH Bus Alexandria Transit Company Alexandria, Virginia
    Fairfax Connector Local government Fairfax County, Virginia
    Loudoun County Commuter Bus Local government Loudoun County, Virginia *
    OmniRide, OmniLink, OmniMatch PRTC Prince William County, Virginia, Manassas, Virginia, and Manassas Park, Virginia
    Ride On Local government Montgomery County, Maryland
    TheBus Local government, Transdev Prince George's County, Maryland
    Baltimore Metro Subway Maryland Transit Administration Baltimore Metropolitan Area
    Baltimore Light Rail Maryland Transit Administration Baltimore Metropolitan Area
    MTA Maryland bus service Maryland Transit Administration Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area

    * Virginia Regional Transit (VRT), a separate bus service which also serves Loudoun County, does not participate in SmarTrip.

    Transfers
    Cost of bus fare using SmarTrip
    From to Local Buses[Note 1] to Express Buses[Note 2]
    (Metrobus, Fairfax Connector, or Ride-On)    		 to PRTC routes
    Washington Metro $2.00[45] $4.25[45] $4.75 to PRTC OmniRide (full SmarTrip fare)
    $2.40 to PRTC MetroDirect (full SmarTrip fare)
    Metrobus:
    All local routes    		 Free $2.25 $3.50 to PRTC OmniRide
    $1.15 to PRTC MetroDirect
    Arlington Transit (ART)
    Connect-A-Ride
    DASH
    Fairfax Connector
    (except routes 393, 394, 395, 480, 599, 698, and 699)
    Ride-On (except route 70)
    		 Free $2.25 N/A
    Fairfax Connector routes 393, 394, 395, 480, 599, 698, and 699
    Ride-On route 70
    Metrobus express routes
    PRTC OmniRide    		 Free Free N/A
    The Bus
    CUE    		 Free $2.25 N/A

    NOTES:

    1. Local Buses: Metrobus local routes, Ride-On (except route 70), The Bus (Prince George's County), DC Circulator, Fairfax Connector (except Routes 393, 394, 395, 480, 599, 698, and 699), Connect-A-Ride, Fairfax CUE, DASH and Arlington Transit.
    2. Express Buses: Metrobus express routes, PRTC OmniRide, PRTC MetroDirect, Ride-On route 70, Fairfax Connector routes 393, 394, 395, 480, 599, 698, and 699.

    References
    1. Lazo, Luz (November 6, 2012). "All Metro stations now have SmarTrip vending machines". Washington Post.
    2. David Schultz (October 15, 2010). "Metro Board: Replacing SmarTrip Will Be Difficult". WAMU.
    3. Weir, Kytja (May 28, 2012). "Metro to get new, cheaper SmarTrip cards this fall". Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
    4. "Paper Farecard Elimination". Retrieved March 4, 2016.
    5. "Elimination of paper transfers in January 2009 FAQ". WMATA. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
    6. "Bus passes available on SmarTrip® starting October 17" (Press release). WMATA. October 12, 2010.
    7. "Pass Products and DC Student Fares". WMATA. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
    8. "Online Fare Purchases". WMATA. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
    9. "SmarTrip® Questions & Answers". WMATA. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
    10. Jamieson, Dave (October 14, 2010). "Metro meeting: SmarTrip issue tabled, Blue/Orange work moves ahead, extra security added to bus depots". TBD.com. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
    11. "Metro improving SmarTrip® cards" (Press release). WMATA. June 11, 2012.
    12. "SmarTrip® rebate program and minimum fare requirement goes into effect Sept. 1" (Press release). WMATA. August 10, 2012.
    13. "Metro to lower price of SmarTrip in October" (Press release). WMATA. July 25, 2013.
    14. "Metro changes Exitfare requirements to facilitate new lower price of SmarTrip" (Press release). WMATA. September 19, 2013.
    15. "Contactless Payment and the Retail Point of Sale" (PDF). Smart Card Alliance. March 2003. p. 9. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
    16. Ann Scott Tyson (September 17, 2010). "Metro officials find obstacles embedded in SmarTrip plan". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
    17. "Metro seeking next generation fare payment system" (Press release). WMATA. December 30, 2010.
    18. "Washington Metro awards Accenture major contract for new electronic fare payment system to improve customer experience" (Press release). WMATA. January 8, 2014.
    19. Raschke, Kurt. "A Brief History of Metrorail Fare Collection". Greater Greater Washington. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
    20. "WMATA History" (PDF). WMATA. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 15, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
    21. "Smart Card Talk". Smart Card Alliance. September 2004. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
    22. Tyson, Ann Scott (December 30, 2010). "Metro seeks SmarTrip replacement". Washington Post. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
    23. Tyson, Ann Scott (February 9, 2011). "Domes aim to make SmarTrip faster". Washington Post. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
    24. "Apple Pay With Express Transit Mode Goes Live for D.C. Metro Riders". MacRumors. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
    25. Aratani, Lori (May 4, 2011). "D.C. to test new Metro ID cards for students". Washington Post. p. B1.
    26. School Transit Subsidy Program in the DC Department of Transportation
    27. "Metro Senior SmarTrip Card". WMATA. Retrieved November 21, 2008.
    28. Alarkon, Walter (November 20, 2008). "Obama's Mug on D.C. Subway Cards for Inauguration". The Hill. Retrieved November 21, 2008.
    29. "Metro unveils new Smithsonian's National Zoo 125th Anniversary Limited Edition SmarTrip Cards". wmata.com. June 25, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
    30. "Metro Will Celebrate the Silver Line Opening With Commemorative SmarTrip Cards". Streetwise. June 30, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
    31. "Indemnify CVS/pharmacy for selling SmarTrip Cards" (PDF). WMATA. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
    32. "SmarTrip Retail Outlets: Purchase Cards and Add Value". WMATA. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
    33. "Final Contract Audit Report with Recommendations" (PDF). WMATA. February 19, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
    34. "SmarTrip Program Update" (PDF). WMATA. November 6, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
    35. "Metro launches SmarTrip® Online Reload" (Press release). WMATA. September 22, 2011.
    36. "Metro introduces unlimited 7-day rail pass on SmarTrip®" (Press release). WMATA. April 16, 2012.
    37. "Daily price capping". Transport for London. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
    38. Cohan, Stacey (March 2, 2011). "Inoperable Metro SmarTrip Card Causes Trouble For UDC Student". Fox 5 News. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
    39. "For Your Benefit: Metrorail SmarTrip Cards". This Week @ CUA. Catholic University of America. May 30, 2004. Retrieved June 13, 2007.
    40. "Metro Unveils Credit Card Parking Lot Payment Pilot Program". WUSA-TV. March 29, 2007. Retrieved June 13, 2007.
    41. "Parking at Metrorail Stations". WMATA. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    42. "Metro installing credit card payment readers to make parking more convenient" (Press release). WMATA. November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
    43. Hosh, Kafia (September 21, 2010). "Maryland answers SmarTrip with CharmCard". Washington Post. Baltimore, Maryland. p. B8. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
    44. "SmarTrip users to gain added benefit when transferring" (Press release). WMATA. November 24, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
    45. https://wmata.com/fares/

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